RU202699U1 - Soil sampling device - Google Patents

Abstract

The device is designed for soil sampling and can be used in botanical and agricultural research of root systems, both agricultural crops and wild plant communities, as well as in studies of soil pollution, namely, for sampling soil with tree roots to study mycorrhiza ... The device for sampling soil contains a square frame (1) made of 4 square metal plates (2) 2 mm thick, welded together. On the lower edge of the frame, a layer of high-speed steel (3) is welded, sharpened from the outside and calcined by the method of one cooler. The handle (4) is made of a round metal rod and is welded to one of the outer edges (5) of the frame. The device is lightweight, convenient for transportation in a backpack or bag, has increased reliability, low cost and ease of manufacture. 2 fig.

Description

The device relates to agriculture and forestry and can be used in botanical, agricultural research of root systems, both agricultural crops and wild plant communities, as well as in studies of soil pollution, namely, for sampling soil with tree roots for studying mycorrhiza.

Currently, there are a large number of types of soil sampling devices for further research of the root system of plants, soil contamination, its density, etc.

A set of sampling rings KPG-01 is known from the existing prior art, which consists of three metal cutting rings with a volume of 100, 200, 400 cm3 with covers suitable for their diameter and one anvil handle, which is inserted into a recess in the center of the cover. It works as follows: a ring is placed on the cleaned surface of the ground with a pointed edge down and it is hammered into the ground with light blows on the lid with an anvil handle. After immersion, the ring is dug in from all sides and, having cut with a knife, the monolith from below, is removed to the surface. (GOST 5180-84, electronic resource: https://izmerkom.ru/kp-402).

The disadvantages of this technical solution are: collapsible design, with small dimensions, large weight.

Known device for sampling soil, including a cylindrical glass with a sharpened cutting edge, a three-rod fork and handles. The beaker of the device contains a device for extracting the sample, which consists of a pusher located inside the intake cup and rigidly connected by a fork of three rods that freely pass through the cup lid openings to the flange with a sleeve above the beaker at an angle of 120 ° relative to each other. The device with a sharpened cutting edge of the intake nozzle is installed vertically on the soil surface. Before starting work, the pusher, for extracting soil samples from the glass, is in the glass in the lower position. Holding the device by the handle, simultaneously blows with a sledgehammer on the tip of the rod and thus introduce the glass to its entire height into the soil. After the sampling cup is filled with a soil sample, the device is removed from the soil by the handles. The device is placed over any container and blows of a hammer (sledgehammer) along the flange move the device for extracting the soil sample down along the rod. (Patent for invention RU 2534139 C2. Publ. 27.11.2014).

The disadvantages of this technical solution are the complex design, the presence of additional devices for the extraction of the sample. To manufacture the device, special equipment is required.

The closest to the claimed technical solution is a soil sampling device, which consists of a box, the front side of which is divided by transverse cutouts into six equal parts of 50 mm each, and the same front side has a longitudinal (vertical) cut in the middle, crossing the five upper parts ... The last sixth part is not cut and has a seam. The bottom edges of the box are sharply sharpened. A handle is riveted on the outside of the back wall of the box. The lid is put on the handle when riveting the handle to the box and serves to protect from litter from the foot into the box. The kit includes a sample receiver and a spatula. The length of the box without taking into account the handle is 30 cm. When the device is driven into the soil to the required depth, then by the handle it is lifted up from the soil and all the soil covered by the box, due to the viscosity of the lower layers, remains in it. The device with the contents is placed vertically, the lid is opened and the first layer of soil with a height of 50 mm is separated with a spatula through a horizontal slot; using a vertical slot, the blade rises with the first sample volume (71 × 71) -50 = 250.000 mm3 upwards, and the soil, when leaving the box, is covered by the receiver and then poured into the bag. Through the next horizontal slot, the rest of the samples are taken in the same way as the first one. (АС38815, publ. 09/30/1934)

The main disadvantages of this invention are the complexity of the design, large weight and dimensions, as well as the need to use special equipment for its manufacture.

The task of the utility model is to develop a device that simplifies, facilitates and convenient transportation of the structure, simplicity of soil sampling in the study of mycorrhiza.

The technical result of the utility model is to simplify and lighten the structure, ease of transportation, and increase the reliability of the device.

The claimed technical result is achieved by the fact that the device for sampling soil, including a metal frame with sharpened edges and a handle attached to the outside of the frame, according to the utility model, the frame is made of 4 plates 10 × 10 × 10 cm with a thickness of 2-3 mm, welded together, a sharpened layer of high-speed steel is additionally welded to the lower edge of the frame, calcined by the method of one cooler, the handle is made of a metal rod and rigidly welded to one of the outer edges of the frame.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by drawings:

FIG. 1 - top view of the proposed device,

FIG. 2 is a side view of the proposed device.

The device for taking soil samples contains an all-metal square frame (1), consisting of 4 square plates (2) with a thickness of 2 to 3 mm. Welded together. A layer of high-speed steel (3) is welded to the lower edge, sharpened from the outside and calcined by the method of one cooler. The handle (4) is made of a metal rod with a diameter of 5 to 6 mm and is rigidly welded to one of the outer edges (5) of the frame.

When working with various devices for sampling soil, difficulties arise with their transportation to and from the site of work due to their large dimensions. Some devices require additional sample retrieval attachments.

In the process of studying mycorrhiza, it is not required to fix the root system of plants, trees and preserve the integrity of the soil monolith, and therefore the device does not contain a spoke and a cover, which reduces the weight and cost of its manufacture. The frame of the device has a size of 10 × 10 × 10 cm for obtaining a soil sample with a volume of 0.001 cubic meters. (1 l.) In one approach. The resulting volume of soil sample allows, without additional calculations, to calculate the density of mycorrhiza per 1 dm3, which significantly speeds up and simplifies the calculation process. A layer of sharpened high-speed steel welded to the lower edge of the frame and annealing it by the method of one cooler improves the cutting properties and also increases the service life of the device. An all-welded structure with additional stiffeners - a weld seam, the metal thickness of the frame itself is 2-3 mm and a handle welded to the frame edge, made of a metal rod with a diameter of 5-6 mm, make the utility model more durable, reliable and lead to a decrease in the weight of the devices. Small size and weight provide easy transportation to and from the research site. The all-welded construction also improves the performance of the device. The claimed utility model can be used an unlimited number of times without additional assembly or customization.

The device works as follows:

On a pre-selected site, the surface of the soil is cleaned of debris. The researcher sets the device vertically on the soil surface with the cutting edge down and, holding the handle, presses it with his foot into the soil, to its full height, until the upper edge of the device frame is level with the upper soil level. After the frame is filled with a soil sample, the device is removed from the soil with the sample by the handle and placed in a container, where the sample is removed from the device by pressing the sample in the device with the hand. During operation, no additional assistance from other persons is required.

For research, a prototype of 10 × 10 × 10 cm was made, weighing 600 g. The handle is made of a metal rod 5 mm in diameter, 20 cm long from the top of the frame edge.All parts of the frame are made of durable 3 mm stainless steel metal. The cutting edge is sharpened at an angle of 45 degrees, which is the most optimal for cutting the root system without the need for additional sharpening, during long-term use. All parts of the device are colored red for quick search in the field. Experimental studies have shown that the device is lightweight, durable, easy to use and easy to carry in a backpack or bag. When working with solid inclusions not exceeding 2 cm in diameter, the device did not deform and during tests showed a higher performance in comparison with the same characteristics of known devices for a similar purpose. It took from 1 to 5 minutes to obtain one sample, depending on the soil.

Thus, the claimed device, designed for sampling soil with tree roots in the study of mycorrhiza, is lightweight, easy to transport in a backpack or bag, has increased reliability, low cost and ease of manufacture, in comparison with the above analogs. Only one person is required for operation. The frame does not contain collapsible elements, no specialized equipment is required for its manufacture and can be made in any locksmith's workshop. The claimed utility model makes it possible to accelerate the calculation of the density of mycorrhiza due to the calibrated volume.

Claims (1)

A device for sampling soil, including a metal frame with sharpened edges and a handle attached to the outside of the frame, characterized in that the frame has dimensions of 10 × 10 × 10 cm and is made of 4 plates 2 mm thick, welded together, on the lower edge of the frame is additionally welded with a layer of sharpened high-speed steel, calcined by the method of one cooler, the handle is made of a metal rod and rigidly welded to one of the outer edges of the frame.

Images