RU2024948C1 - Warning device of the pick-up parameter deviation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: game and guard device construction. SUBSTANCE: invention can be used in warning devices of the deviation of such technological parameters as temperature, liquid level. The effect is achieved by introducing pulse distributor 2 made in the form of a binary coded decimal counter into the warning device of the pickup parameter deviation, which has square-pulse generator 1, pick-up 3, threshold member 7, AND element 8 and memory unit 9. It results in excluding a number of complex constructional units and thus in simplifying the warning device. EFFECT: simpler design of the warning device with the conservation of high stability of its operation. 2 dwg

Description

 The invention is intended to build gaming and security watchdogs that respond to approaching a sensor of a person or objects. The invention can also be used in signaling deviations of technological parameters, such as temperature, liquid level.

 The signal system sensitive to changes in capacitance is taken as an analog. This system contains two sinusoidal oscillation generators, in the oscillatory circuit of one of which a capacitive sensor is included. The signals from two generators are fed to a non-linear element, the output of which is formed by an alternating voltage of the differential frequency. The output of the nonlinear element is connected to a low-pass filter, which allows only the low frequency to pass through to the output. The system is configured so that when a person approaches the sensor, the frequencies of the two generators approach each other, the difference frequency decreases, and therefore an alternating voltage appears at the output of the low-pass filter, which can include alarm devices.

 The disadvantage of this system is that due to the frequency drift of each of the generators, the system gives false alarms for alarm devices.

 As a prototype taken capacitance meter, which contains a sinusoidal signal generator connected to the sensor circuit, which is a bridge circuit. The output of the sensor circuit is connected to an amplitude detector, the output of which is connected to the input of the integrator. The integrator output is connected to the input of the threshold element, the output of which is connected to the first input of the logic element I. The second input of the logic element is connected to the square-wave generator. The output of the logic element is connected to the information input of the memory unit, and specifically with a single vibrator. The output of the one-shot is connected to the reset input of the integrator, as well as to exemplary capacitance measures that are in the sensor circuit and serve to balance the bridge circuit.

 When the bridge circuit is unbalanced, the amplitude detector rectifies the unbalance voltage. This voltage is integrated and, when a certain threshold value is formed at the output of the integrator, a threshold element is triggered and a logic element transmits a signal from a square-wave generator to a single-shot. One-shot gives a signal to change the model measures of capacity. The frequency of the process of changing exemplary measures depends on the level of the unbalance signal from the bridge circuit, since the output pulse of the single-shot adjusts the output voltage of the integrator to zero. The capacitance meter allows with high accuracy and stability to signal the deviation of the sensor parameter.

 The disadvantage of the capacitance meter is its great complexity and high cost, which does not allow its use in toys and in domestic watchdogs.

 The purpose of the invention is to simplify the alarm, while maintaining its high stability.

 The goal is achieved by the fact that in the detector deviation of the sensor parameter containing a square-wave pulse generator, a sensor, a threshold element, the output of which is connected to the first input of the element And, the output of which is connected to the information input of the memory unit, according to the invention, a distributor made in the form of a binary-decimal counter pulses, the input of which is connected to the output of the rectangular pulse generator, the output of the highest order is connected to the input of the sensor, the output of which is connected to the input of the threshold element, and in move one of LSBs pulse distributor coupled to the second input element I.

Achieving this goal compared to the prototype is as follows:
- eliminates the sinusoidal signal generator, which must have complex circuits for automatically adjusting the signal amplitude;
- eliminates the complex amplitude detector for linear rectification of ultra-small variable unbalance voltages;
- the integrator that is difficult to execute is eliminated, which must have an additional key scheme for organizing the reset procedure.

 Thus, analog function blocks, complex in design and configuration, were removed from the signaling device. This is achieved by introducing a simple digital pulse distribution unit.

 In FIG. 1 shows a diagram of a signaling device; in FIG. 2 - signals at various points of the signaling device in one of the options for a specific implementation.

The sensor deviation sensor parameters (Fig. 1) contains a rectangular pulse generator 1, which is connected to the input of the pulse distributor 2, made in the form of a binary-decimal counter. The pulse distributor 2 has two outputs: the output of the senior discharge with a voltage of U ₁ and the output of one of the least significant bits with a voltage of U ₅ . At these outputs, periodic pulses or bursts of pulses are formed that are spaced apart in time. The output of the senior discharge of the pulse distributor 2 is connected to the input of the sensor 3. The sensor 3 contains a voltage divider on the elements 4, 5, and one of these elements is a sensitive element. The sensing element may be capacitive, resistive and inductive. When using a capacitive element, element 4 is a variable resistor R, and element 5 is a capacitive sensitive element with a capacitance C _x . When using a resistive element, element 4 is a resistive sensitive element R _x , and element 5 is a variable capacitor C. When using an inductive element, element 4 is an inductive sensitive element L _x , and element 5 is a variable resistor R. In any case, the divider on the elements 4 and 5 is a low pass filter with a time constant _{RC x, R x C, L} x R. The voltage U ₂ with member 5 is output from sensor 3 through the coupling capacitor 6, which does not transmit a DC component Igna. The output of the sensor 3 with a voltage of U _{3 is} connected to the input of the threshold element 7, which generates a signal of a logical unit if U ₃ > U _p , where U _p is a given voltage, in particular equal to zero. The output voltage U _{4 of the} threshold element 7 is supplied to the first input of the logic element U ₈ . The second input of the logic element 8 is connected to the output of one of the least significant bits of the pulse distributor 2. The output of the logic element 8 with voltage U _{6 is} connected to the information input of the memory unit 9, which forms the output voltage U ₇ . As the memory unit 9, you can use a single-shot or trigger, which when the input pulse is set to a single state. This voltage may include a lamp, bell, siren, relay, and other actuators for toys or watchdogs.

The sensor deviation of the sensor parameter works as follows. Consider the case of a specific implementation of the detector, when the generator 1 generates a signal in the form of a meander, and a standard integrated circuit, namely a binary-decimal counter, is used as a pulse distributor. This counter has outputs with weights 1, 2, 4, 8. The signals U ₁ and U ₅ at the output of the pulse distributor 2 will have the form, as shown in FIG. 2, in the event that the voltage U ₁ will be removed from the output of the counter having a weight of 8, and the voltage U ₅ will be removed from the output of the counter having a weight of 2. The voltage pulse U ₁ after the voltage divider on the elements 4, 5 is distorted (voltage U ₂ in Fig. 2). The degree of expansion of the pulses depends on the time constant of the divider on the elements 4, 5. If a capacitive sensitive element is used, then the larger the capacity of the element, the slower the process of charging and discharging through the resistor 4 and the output resistance of the output of the senior discharge of the pulse distributor 2. Therefore, as the capacitance of the sensing element C _x increases _{, the} voltage pulses U ₂ become longer. The closer to the electrodes of the sensing element 5 a foreign object approaches, the larger the capacitance and the wider the voltage pulse U ₂ . The initial voltage pulse width U ₂ at a given value of the capacitance of the element Cx is set by a variable resistor (element 4). The capacitor 6 does not pass the constant component of the signal U ₂ and therefore at the output of the sensor 3 a voltage U _{3 is} generated (Fig. 2), which does not contain a constant component. The duration of the positive voltage pulses U _{3 is} proportional to the capacitance C _x and does not depend on the amplitude of the pulses U ₁ , which increases the stability of the signaling device. The threshold element 7 gives rectangular pulses U ₄ whose duration is equal to the duration of positive voltage pulses U ₃ (at U _p = 0). The slice of the voltage pulse U ₄ occurs at time t ₁ (Fig. 2). If t ₁ <t ₂ , where t ₂ is the moment of occurrence of the voltage pulse front U ₅ , then zero will remain at the output of logic element 8. If the capacitance C _x increases slightly, then the relation t ₁ > t _{2 is} satisfied. In other words, at the two inputs of the logic element, high level voltages will simultaneously occur, which will lead to the appearance of a short single pulse at the output of the logic element 8 (voltage U ₆ , Fig. 2). A short voltage pulse U ₆ that occurs when there is a very small increase in the capacitance C _x in the sensor circuit 3 is insufficient in duration to trigger the actuator (lamp or electromagnet). Therefore, this pulse is fed to a single vibrator 9, which generates a longer pulse going to the actuator. The pulse duration from the one-shot 9 is advisable to make equal nt _about , where n is an integer; t _о is the pulse repetition period from the generator 1. In the event that a trigger is used as memory block 9, this trigger, when C _{x is} increased, will be set to a single state, which will remain until the trigger is fed to the trigger via an additional input external reset signal.

 The simplicity and high stability of the detector makes it possible to use it in industrial devices for automatic control and alarm.

Claims (1)

 SENSOR PARAMETER DEVIATION SIGNALIZER, comprising a rectangular pulse generator, a sensor, a threshold element, the output of which is connected to the first input of the AND element, the output of which is connected to the information input of the memory unit, characterized in that the pulse distributor is implemented as a binary-decimal counter, the input of which is connected to the output of the rectangular pulse generator, the output of the senior discharge is connected to the input of the sensor, the output of which is connected to the input of the threshold element, and the output of one of the younger s to defuse pulse distributor coupled to a second input of the I.

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