RU2023640C1 - Loose material feed control device - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture. SUBSTANCE: grain flow from loading noria gets into hopper-feeder, gets accumulated and builds up constant pressure layer. Excess of grain material, together with large-size impurities separated by inclined grate, is removed through outlet port along outlet grain pipe. Value of grain flow is regulated by device made up of two gates arranged in tandem one of which serves for complete cutting off of grain flow and the other regulates delivery of grain flow by means of detachable calibrated plates fixed in turnable board hinge-connected to outlet branch housing and fixed in housing by means of special locking mechanism. EFFECT: increased capacity, enhanced quality of grain cleaning, cut down machine adjustment time, higher quality of adjustment and reliability of technological line, enhanced safety and working conditions of attending personnel. 3 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to agriculture, and in particular to questions of grain cleaning, when it is necessary to obtain high-quality food and seed grain, and can be used in any field of the national economy where there is a need to carry out uniform feeding with sufficiently high accuracy. The urgency of the problem lies in the fact that in the farms engaged in the production of grain, its post-harvest processing and bringing to certain conditions stipulated by the requirements for food and seed grain is carried out on in-line technological lines (PTL), including grain cleaning units (ZAV), grain cleaning -drying complexes (GLC), seed cleaning attachments (SP), where to increase productivity and obtain high-quality seed material, it is necessary to quickly carry out construction of individual grain cleaning machines (ZOM) and PTL throughout the transition from culture to culture, the minimum seek time for setting the uniformity and accuracy of feed grain material on the working bodies ZOM.

 Separate ZAV, KZS, as well as individual joint ventures operating in combination or separately and consisting of feeding elevators (endless belt with buckets) of storage bins, grain pipelines, air-sieve ZOM, trie blocks, special sorting machines, and aspiration systems are known, where the supply of grain material to the working bodies of the ZOM is carried out by norias or by gravity from storage bins [1].

 The disadvantages of such ZAV, KZS, SP can include the following. Significant adjustment time is required for adjusting the feed rate when switching from one cultivated crop to another, since the operator achieves the optimal supply of grain material by adjusting it with the lower shutter of the feed elevator and the shutters located in the feed grain nozzle, while periodically monitoring the operation mode of the ZOM ( feed rate, quality of cleaning, etc.). A significant part of the time is spent on these operations, during which individual machines and the entire PTL operate with low productivity and quality. Significant costs are required to adjust the flow after eliminating technological and technical failures, since in order to eliminate the failure, the grain flow to a particular ZOM or system of machines is blocked by a feed nori gate valve or dampers in a grain pipeline, i.e. by the same means by which the feed quantity is regulated, therefore, after eliminating the failure, the tuning process is carried out according to the principle described above, which, as a rule, leads to a significant decrease in the productivity and quality of the processed grain material. There is a non-uniformity in the supply of grain material, since it is known that grain material fed by noria or moving in a small diameter grain wire, located obliquely, enters the ZOM unevenly, with a certain degree of pulsation, which does not allow uniform loading of the working organs of the ZOM and thereby bring each machine out and the entire PTL to the optimal mode of operation, which, as a rule, leads to low productivity and low quality of the cleaning process. The quality of ZOM settings is low, since the process of setting and adjusting the feed is carried out visually (without instruments and appliances) and completely depends only on the personal qualities of the operator (qualifications, experience, work experience), which does not allow achieving the optimum possible operating mode of the PTL, which leads to reduced productivity and quality of work. Safety of the operator’s work is low, the working conditions are poor, since in the process of setting up, adjusting, and monitoring the operation of the emergency equipment, the operator is forced to stay in the zone of increased trauma for a long time with unfavorable sanitary conditions (increased dust content in the working environment, excess of the remote control unit by noise, vibration and etc.), which, as a rule, leads to increased fatigue, pathological diseases, injuries of varying severity. Productivity is low due to the significant time spent on setting up, adjusting, low security and poor working conditions on PTL.

 The closest in technical essence to the proposed device is a bunker shutter device, in which the flow of bulk material from the storage hopper is controlled by a device made in the form of articulated crescent-shaped petals, a gear motor with gear block for changing the position of the petals and, accordingly, changing the size of the outlet window from the storage hopper [2].

 But this device is not without drawbacks. It has a complex structure and high metal consumption due to the use of a gear motor, gear block in a closed oil bath, and petals of a complex configuration. Uneven flow of bulk material is observed, since for a uniform supply of bulk material from the storage hopper, it is necessary to create a pressure layer of a constant value, which is absent in this hopper. The quality of the setting is poor due to the fact that the feed rate is controlled by the operator only visually and completely depends on his personal qualities (qualifications, experience, work experience), and, since there is no constant pressure layer, the grain material is fed unevenly (with different flow rates depending on the amount of filling of the storage hopper) and does not allow evenly loading the working bodies of the ZOM and supporting their work in the best possible mode. It is not possible to control the flow rate, since the size of the outlet window is changed by means of an electric drive from the control panel, which allows only visually control the flow rate. Performance is low since the petal type hopper shutter is both a device that controls the amount of bulk material fed and a shutter that completely covers the rash. Therefore, after each failure, the shutdown of the PTL for technological reasons, the rash is completely blocked and after eliminating the failure, the tuning process has to be carried out again, which takes a considerable time during which the PTL works with low quality and low productivity. Operator safety is low, working conditions are poor, because in the process of setting up, adjusting and monitoring the operation of individual ZOMs and the entire PTL as a whole, as well as eliminating technical and technological failures, the operator is in a traumatic area for a long time with unfavorable sanitary and hygienic parameters (dustiness , noise, vibration, illumination), which are several times higher than the norms established by the SSBT.

 The aim of the invention is to increase the productivity, quality of cleaning grain material and safety and improve working conditions for operators by regulating the uniformity of the supply of grain material, reducing its pulsation, reducing setup time, starting ZOM and the entire PTL into operation after eliminating technical and technological failures, increasing technical and technological reliability, reducing the time spent by the operator in the zone of increased injury risk with adverse working conditions, as well as simplifying the design ktsii device for controlling the supply of workers on Zom bodies, convenience of use.

 The goal is achieved in that the device for controlling the supply of grain material is equipped with a pressure tank (hopper-feeder), made, for example, in the form of a cylindrical body, in the upper part of which there is a technological control window, a device for uniformly filling the hopper-feeder and selecting large extraneous impurities made in the form of a lattice placed obliquely relative to the vertical axis in the direction of the discharge window provided in the hopper-feeder, while its lower part filled in the form of a truncated cone, which is connected to the outlet pipe, in which there is a device for changing the flow rate of grain material, made, for example, in the form of two valves located one after the other, the upper adjusting valve serving as a shutter to completely shut off the grain supply, and the second - to change the amount of supply of grain material, while the device for controlling the supply of grain material is located so that the upper inlet pipe is connected to the grain wire of the feeding elevator sludge and with the grain wire of the storage hopper, and the lower output pipe directly with the ZOM, a device for regulating the supply of grain material is installed above each ZOM.

 Using the proposed device, they achieve reduced setup time when switching from one processed crop to another due to the fact that when adjusting the feed rate, sets of calibrated washers calibrated for each processed crop are used depending on its structural composition; reduction of the start-up time of a PTL or a separate ZOM after eliminating technical and technological failures, since the grain supply in the event of an ZOM failure is blocked by the upper flat gate valve, while the position of the second gate valve with a selected calibrated washer remains unchanged, tuned to the optimal operating mode, which allows you to immediately after eliminating the failure by opening the upper valve without additional adjustment, start the machine or the entire PTL to the specified operating mode, which, as a rule, leads to increased productivity ; increasing the quality level of setting the PTO and PTL, since the feed of grain material is set using a package of calibrated interchangeable washers, while the dependence of the setting on the personal qualities of the operator (qualifications, experience, work experience) is reduced, which allows you to quickly achieve a high level of adjustment of the PTO; increasing the technical and technological reliability of PTO ZOM, since due to the removal of large foreign impurities from the grain flow, uniform loading of the ZOM working bodies, the number of failures is reduced; improving work safety and improving working conditions, since when working with the proposed device, the time spent in the hazardous area with unfavorable sanitary and hygienic parameters (dustiness, noise, vibration, illumination) is several times higher than the established level; increase labor productivity by reducing the time for adjusting and starting up ZOM and the entire PTL, increasing the quality level of setting up ZOM and PTL, increasing work safety and improving working conditions.

 Analyzing new significant features by the criterion of "significant differences", we can conclude that, the use of the proposed device, consisting of a hopper-feeder with a window and a grain drain of excess grain, a grate for uniformly filling the hopper-feeder and separating large impurities, the upper gate valve and the lower valve, consisting of a rotary plate, a locking mechanism and a package of interchangeable calibrated washers, makes it possible to create a continuous grain support from the hopper-feeder (with Alain his excesses and impurities through the outlet port), to exclude the presence of harmful ripple significantly reduce setup and start-up time and individual PTL ZOM, increase operational safety and improve working conditions for operators.

 In FIG. 1 shows a device in section; figure 2 is a section aa in figure 1; figure 3 is a section bB in figure 2.

 The device comprises an inlet pipe 1 connecting a feeding elevator or storage hopper with a hopper-feeder 2, made, for example, in the form of a cylindrical body having a control window 3 in the upper part, a grate 4 for uniform distribution of grain material in the hopper-feeder, located obliquely to the vertical axis, an exhaust window 5 connected to the grain drain 6, the lower conical part 7 with the outlet pipe 8 fixed to it, in which the device is mounted consisting of the upper gate valve 9 of the slide type and the lower her gate valve 10, made, for example, in the form of a rotary plate 11 with a socket 12 for mounting a calibrated washer 13, which is fixed in the housing 14 by a swivel joint 15 and is fixed in position by the locking mechanism 16, consisting of a handle 17, a dog 18 and a return spring 19 .

 The device operates as follows.

 The grain material is fed by the loading noriya through the loading pipe 1 to the hopper-feeder 2, accumulates in it and creates a pressure layer of constant size. The feed grain material is scattered by the inclined grating 4 and evenly fills the hopper-feeder, while the excess of grain material, together with large foreign impurities, is removed through the discharge window 5 through the drain grain 6 through the outlet window 5. Grain material under the action of the pressure layer, through the lower conical part 7 enters the lower pipe 8, where the feed rate is regulated by the lower adjusting valve 10 by changing the live section of the grain flow with a calibrated washer 13, fixed in the rotary plate 11, which is pivotally mounted in the lower case the pipe 8 and is fixed in the working (closed) position by the latch 16.

When adjusting the supply amount of grain material on the working bodies grain flow regulating valve overlaps the upper 9, the pawl 18, the handle 17, overcoming the force of spring 19 is disengaged from the housing 14 and the plate 11 rotates about hinge 15 to ^about 90. After replacing the calibrated washer 13, the rotary plate 11 is returned to its original operating position. When a technical or technological failure occurs, the grain supply to the faulty ZOM is shut off by the upper adjustment valve 9, while the position of the lower adjustment valve remains unchanged, adjusted to the optimal operating mode. After eliminating the failure by opening the upper adjusting valve 9, the supply of grain material is carried out to the working bodies of the ZOM, which ensures the operation of the ZOM in the optimal tuning mode.

 For each cultivated crop, the PTL has its own package of calibrated interchangeable washers, which is stored in a special cabinet of the operator and has a marking that shows the number of the interchangeable washer, the feed rate and the type of culture to which it is calibrated.

 The proposed device is new, differs by its non-obviousness and usefulness, has significant differences, gives an economic effect, has industrial applicability and is still unknown both in our country and abroad.

Claims (1)

 DEVICE FOR REGULATING THE FEEDING OF BULK MATERIAL, containing an inlet pipe, a hopper-feeder, a device for regulating the amount of feed, characterized in that the device is equipped with a hopper-feeder, for example, of a cylindrical shape, in the upper part of which there is a grill, inclined towards the outlet window connected with a drain wire and a hopper-feeder located on a vertical wall, the lower conical part of which is connected to the outlet pipe with two valves located in it, the upper I adjusting valve is made, for example, in the form of a gate, and the lower one is in the form of a rotary plate equipped with a socket, with the possibility of placing replaceable calibrated washers in it, while the rotary plate is pivotally mounted in the housing of the outlet pipe and is equipped with a locking mechanism consisting of a handle, dogs and return springs.

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