RU2021220C1 - Triplex glass manufacturing process and device intended for its performance - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: production of glass articles. SUBSTANCE: stack is formed from the required number of glass sheets with an interlayer between them made for example of polyvinylbutyral adhesive film. Gases are sucked from the spaces between the glass sheets and interlayers. The glass sheets and interlayers are heated and pressurized. The obtained stack is placed in a vacuum chamber accommodating flexible presses and heating elements. Simultaneously gases are sucked from the above-indicated chambers and flexible presses till a pressure of 5·10^-3 Pa (5·10^-5 mm Hg) is set. Then the stack is heated up to 140 - 150 C till the vacuum indicated above is recovered. This done, the flexible presses are disconnected from the vacuum pump, and the air pressure is supplied to them for pressurizing the stack. The triplex glass manufacturing device has a tank in which the formed stacks of glass articles are installed, assembly designed for heating the stacks of glass articles, and assembly for pressurizing the stacks. The device is provided with a platform carrying a punch and a matrix with the stack pressurizing assembly and the stack heating assembly placed between them. The tank is made as a one-section vacuum chamber with porous-metal supports between which the platform is placed. The stack pressurizing assembly is manufactured in the form of two flexible presses, and the stack heating assembly is represented by two heating elements between which the formed stack is installed. The heating elements are arranged between the flexible presses. EFFECT: enhanced triplex glass manufacturing process. 2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the production of laminated glass products from various materials, in particular to the manufacture of safe glazing for all types of vehicles.

 Widely known are methods for manufacturing laminated glass products of the triplex type — a three-layer sheet product based on forming a bag of two outer sheets, for example, silicate glass with a layer between them of a transparent colorless layer containing several sheets of adhesive elastic organic material, then the bag is subjected to known heating and compression operations with different sequence and degree of removal of gases from the package, after which all layers are glued together over the entire area, while the quality is glued I depend on many factors and largely on the degassing bonded materials [1 and 2].

 A known method of manufacturing multilayer glass products, based on the formation of a package of the required number of sheets of silicate glass with interlayers between them of an adhesive film. Thus formed package is installed in an individual rubber bag, from which the exhaust gas, and therefore from the package. Then the bag with the bag is installed in an autoclave, for example, water for heating and crimping [2].

 A device is known for the manufacture of multilayer glassware containing an elastic sheath for a bag and an autoclave for heating the bag in an elastic sheath and crimping it, i.e. an autoclave is used as a means (unit) for heating the package and as a means (unit) for crimping it [2].

 The disadvantage of this method is the low degree of degassing of the bag, reducing the quality of the product, and the high complexity due to the multi-stage manufacturing operations with the transfer of the bag and its exposure to various equipment, as well as the use of a bulky autoclave that requires a lot of labor for its operation.

 However, the device does not provide complete removal of gases and moisture from the space between the sheets of the formed package when they are sucked from the elastic shell, since there is a quick “collapse” of the walls of the elastic shell by atmospheric pressure, that is, the elastic shell, as one of the nodes of the device, does not allow to carry out high-quality degassing of the bag at a higher vacuum, in addition, the presence of moisture not completely removed from the film during drying and glass reduces the quality of the product due to deterioration of adhesion of the adhesive film to glass .

 The disadvantage of this device is its relatively low productivity, due to the multicomponent nature of the device consisting of elastic shells, an autoclave and other units located on a large production area, as well as a large amount of manual labor when working with an elastic shell and an autoclave. In addition, the disadvantage of this device is that the used autoclave requires a large production area and significant energy costs for maintaining it in working condition (the need to heat a large volume of working fluid).

 The purpose of the invention is to improve the quality of glass products, reducing the complexity of their manufacture, as well as simplifying the design while improving the quality of manufactured laminated glass products.

This is achieved by the fact that evacuation is carried out in a vacuum chamber with elastic presses and heating elements, with the simultaneous suction of gases from this chamber and elastic presses to a pressure of 5 ˙ 10 ^-3 Pa (5 ˙ 10 ^-5 mm Hg) and when heated , as well as the fact that it is equipped with a platform with a punch and a die installed on it, between which, in turn, a unit for crimping the package and a unit for heating it are installed, the autoclave is made in the form of a vacuum chamber with supports of cellular metal for installing the platform between them, and elastic s shell made with the heating elements.

 The above characteristics distinguish the claimed method and device from prototypes and determine their compliance with the criterion of "novelty."

 In the study of other known technical solutions in the art, solutions with features similar to those distinguishing the proposed method and device from prototypes were not found, which determines the compliance of the claimed solutions with the criterion of "significant differences".

 In FIG. 1 shows a graph of the nature of the process of evacuation, heating and crimping in accordance with the proposed method; in FIG. 2 is a structural diagram of a device for implementing this method.

 PRI me R.

 The device consists of a vacuum chamber 1, in which stands, for example, of cellular metal 2 and 3 are installed, having flat bases 4 and 5 for installing a platform 6 between them, on which a punch 7 and die 8 are installed, and elastic presses 9 are installed between them and 10, which are made, for example, in the form of a container of vacuum rubber with a thickness of 5-7 mm. The elastic presses 9 and 10 for simultaneous evacuation with a vacuum chamber are connected by a valve 11 to the vacuum line, and by means of a crane 12 are connected to a pressure supply line for crimping the bag. On the elastic presses 9 and 10, heating elements 13 and 14 are installed, for which, for example, a steel or nichrome tape connected to a current source can be used. Between the heating elements 13 and 14, a formed crimping bag 15 is installed. The forms of the punch 7 and the matrix 8 must correspond to the reproducible form of the manufactured product.

 In the manufacture of a set of laminated glassware, significant in weight, the platform 6 can be mounted on recessed castors in order to facilitate its movement and extension into the vacuum chamber.

 The manufacture of laminated glass using this device is as follows.

A bag is preliminarily formed, for example, of two outer silicate glasses, between which up to four layers are installed, for example, of a polyvinyl butyral adhesive film of the same size. To eliminate the displacement of the layers of the package relative to each other, the package is fastened with pieces of, for example, adhesive tape. Adhesive polyvinyl butyral film before gluing takes place complex processing to remove the sodium bicarbonate solution from the surface of water at 45-55 ^{° C} and then at 15-20 ^{° C,} then the film is dried to remove moisture. The film also relieve stresses at 60-70 ° ^C.

 The prepared film is cut into formats-interlayers corresponding to the size of the glasses.

 The formed bag 15 is installed in the device, while the bag 15 is placed between the heating elements 13 and 14 of the elastic presses 9 and 10, and the latter, as mentioned above, are installed between the punch 7 and the matrix 8. Next, the gases are exhausted from the chamber and the bag.

 To exclude preliminary prepressing of the package, vacuum suction of gases from the vacuum chamber and from the elastic presses is carried out simultaneously. To this end, they are connected to the vacuum line at the same time using the valve 11. In this case, the valve 12 must be in the closed position.

The evacuation process is shown in FIG. 1 (see curve 1). Upon reaching a vacuum 5˙10 ^-3 Pa (5˙10 ^-5 mmHg) include heating elements 13 and 14. In this process a suction gas continues. The heating process is represented by curve 2 in FIG. 1. When the temperature rises, the vacuum first deteriorates due to the degassing of the bag, and then restores to the specified value. This process is visible on curve 1. After the vacuum is restored, the elastic presses 9 and 10 are disconnected from the vacuum line by the valve 11 and connected by the crane 12 to the pressure line. A pressure of, for example, 3 kg / cm ² is applied for 10 minutes. The time for applying the pressing pressure to the elastic presses 9 and 10 and the magnitude of this pressure are shown in curve 3.

 The design and method of the invention are described with reference to the manufacture of a single package of glass. However, this device can be used for the simultaneous manufacture of several glass products - a set of 7-10 pcs. In this case, each package is installed between elastic presses with heating elements, and everything taken together is installed between the punch and the die.

 The method and device can be widely used for the manufacture of safe glazing for vehicles, ships, aircraft, etc., while rejects are completely eliminated, while rejects during manufacturing by known methods are up to 8% (mainly due to the presence of remaining air bubbles between the layers of the bag during manufacture).

 The proposed method and device for its implementation allows, in comparison with the known ones, to improve the quality of products due to a more complete suction of gases and vapors between the glasses and in the elastic layers, to reduce the drying time of the elastic layers, to reduce the complexity by two to three times by reducing the number of manual operations with the stationary position of the package. The design of the device is simplified, the duration of the process is reduced, the energy consumption is significantly reduced, significantly less production space is required, mainly due to the exclusion of an autoclave, devices for working with rubber and bags. The shortening time of the technological cycle largely depends on the speed of pumping gases.

 Made a mock device for implementing the proposed method.

 The quality of laminated glass products made in accordance with the proposed method is significantly higher than the quality of glass products made in accordance with known methods.

Claims (2)

1. A method of manufacturing a triplex by forming a package of glass sheets with interlayers between them, from an adhesive film, evacuating and subsequent heating and crimping, characterized in that, in order to improve the quality of laminated glass products and reduce the complexity of manufacturing, evacuation is carried out in a vacuum chamber with elastic presses and heating elements, with the simultaneous suction of gases from this chamber and elastic presses to a pressure of 5 · 10 ^-3 Pa (5 · 10 ^-5 mm Hg).  2. A device for the manufacture of triplex containing an elastic sheath for bags, an autoclave for heating the bag, characterized in that, in order to simplify the design while improving the quality of the manufactured laminated glass products, it is equipped with a platform with a punch and a matrix installed on it, between which, in turn a unit for crimping the package and a unit for heating it are installed, and the autoclave is made in the form of a single-section vacuum chamber with supports of cellular metal for installing the platform between them, and elastic bolochki performed with heating elements.

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