RU2015160C1 - Method for purifying of waste motor oil from suspended mechanical impurities and water - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: purifying fluids. SUBSTANCE: waste motor-oil is treated by a coagulating agent having (percent by weight) 35-45 ethanol, 5 - 10 water the rest up to 100 percent being demulsifier for oil dehydration based on block - copolymer of ethylene and/or propylene oxides. The resulting mixture is processed in an alternating electric field with intensity of 1 - 2 kW/cm for 1 - 2 h at 60 - 70 C. Then the mixture is centrifuged and filtered. EFFECT: more efficient purification. 1 tbl

Description

 The invention relates to methods for refining petroleum products and can be used to purify waste oils from mechanical impurities and water.

 A known method of cleaning engine oil from solids by filtration [2].

 The disadvantage of this method is the low cleaning efficiency, because particles of small sizes pass through the pores of the filter.

 To clean from moisture, oil sedimentation is used, but small droplets of moisture do not settle.

 The closest technical solution is a method for cleaning lubricating oils using amino alcohols as a coagulant [2].

 The disadvantage of this method is the lack of cleaning efficiency. Suspended impurities in motor oil are small particles (oil aging products, particles of incomplete combustion of fuel), and when coagulant is added, they are not completely removed. Moisture removal by this method is negligible.

 The aim of the invention is to increase the degree of purification of used motor oils.

The goal is achieved by adding a coagulant in the oil and keeping the mixture in a high-voltage alternating electric field of 1-2 kV / cm for 1-2 hours at 60-70 ^{° C} followed by centrifugation and then by filtration.

 As a coagulant, a solution is added to the oil consisting of ethanol 35-45%, water 5-10% and the rest is a demulsifier for oil dehydration, based on a block copolymer of ethylene oxide and / or propylene, for example, progalite, separol-25, disolvan . The coagulant is added in an amount of 0.5-1% of the oil volume, after its addition, the mixture is mixed for 20-30 minutes.

 A comparative analysis of the claimed solution with the prototype shows that the claimed method differs from the known one by keeping the oil in an electric field after adding a coagulant and centrifuging the oil after electric exposure. As a coagulant, a mixture consisting of ethyl alcohol, water and a demulsifier for oil dehydration is used.

 Thus, the claimed method meets the criterion of "novelty." Known technical solutions where coagulant, filtration are used to clean the oil. However, in the inventive method, the coagulant consists of three components, and an electric field and centrifugation are used to intensify the cleaning. Using this method with the proposed coagulant, electric exposure and centrifugation provides an increase in the degree of purification of oil from mechanical impurities and water, this allows us to conclude that it meets the criterion of "significant differences".

 During the operation of engine oil, accumulation of mechanical impurities occurs in it - these are products of incomplete combustion of fuel, abrasive particles. To ensure the sedimentation stability of these particles, dispersant-stabilizing additives are added to the oil. During operation, water also accumulates in the oil.

 Additives of oils are adsorbed on the surface of impurity particles and drops of water, prevent their enlargement and subsidence. With an increase in the concentration of impurities, the probability of collision and coalescence of particles of the dispersed phase increases, their subsidence begins, which negatively affects the operation of the engine. Such oil must be replaced or cleaned. To clean oil from water and solids, you can use an alternating electric field of high voltage.

 In an electric field, a dipole-dipole attraction of the particles of the dispersed phase occurs - solids and water droplets. At the same time, they converge and, under certain conditions, merge with each other. This leads to an increase in their size, mass, and sedimentation instability. Slowly settling particles are removed by filtration. Without enlargement in an electric field, the mechanical impurities of motor oils cannot be removed using a centrifugal field and centrifugal filtration. The addition of a coagulant promotes the fusion of particles of the dispersed phase as a result of their interaction in an electric field.

 The experiments were carried out with engine oils M8B and M10G2K.

 Purification was monitored by measuring optical transparency on a MKMF-1 colorimeter.

 PRI me R 1. Measurements were made of the optical transparency of the oil before and after cleaning at the process parameters indicated in the table. The oil was cleaned as follows. A coagulant was added to the oil and stirring was carried out for 20 minutes. The mixture was poured into the cell to create an electric field with electrode diameters of 15 and 40 mm and voltage was connected. For temperature control, a U-8 thermostat was used. After standing in an electric field, oil was poured into tubes of an OPN-ZU 4.2 centrifuge and centrifuged for 1 h at 3000 rpm. After the oil was filtered by the Red Ribbon filter.

The electric field strength of 2 kV / cm, the processing temperature of 60 ^about C. Before cleaning in all experiments, the concentration of solids 1.1%, water 0.6%, optical transparency 0%.

 PRI me R 2. The measurements were carried out as in example 1, to clean the oil after electrical exposure, the centrifugal field of the centrifuge was not used. The optical transparency of the purified oil is 2-5% less than in example 1. In addition, the oil filtration rate is significantly reduced. The residual content of solids practically coincides with example 1. Moisture is absent.

The comparative assay (prototype) were used aminoalcohols 0.5-1% by weight of the raw material at a temperature of ^about 60-70 C. The electric effect is not applied. Optical transparency and concentration of solids after cleaning is 30-40% and 0.03-0.06%.

 After purification using a coagulant and an electric field, water in oil is absent, this follows from the Dean and Stark method for determining water in oil [1].

The table shows that the optimum conditions for cleaning oil from mechanical impurities and water are the electric field strength of 1-2 kV / cm, the dwell time of 1-2 hours at a concentration of 0.5-1% coagulant and cleaning temperatures 60-70 ° ^C.

 In terms of transparency, the purified oil is darker than the idle one. This is due to the fact that the proposed method removes solids and water. Resins and other oil soluble substances are partially removed.

 The application of the proposed method provides, in comparison with the known, the following advantages: more complete removal of mechanical impurities of motor oils ;; complete removal of water from oil; preservation of additives in oil; saving oil and increasing engine life.

 The expected economic effect of the use of the invention is the possibility of reusing oil and increasing the life of the working oil, eliminating breakdowns in the lubrication system due to excess pollution in the oil.

Claims (1)

METHOD FOR CLEANING WASTE ENGINE OIL FROM SUSPENSED MECHANICAL IMPURITIES AND WATER by adding a coagulant using filtration, characterized in that the following composition is used, wt. %:
Ethanol 35 - 45
Water 5 - 10
Demulsifier for oil dehydration based on a block copolymer of ethylene and / or propylene oxides Up to 100,
in an amount of 0.5 - 1.0% of the oil volume, with subsequent exposure to the resulting mixture with an alternating electric field with a voltage of 1 - 2 kV / cm for 1 - 2 hours at a temperature of 60 - 70 ^o C, centrifugation and filtration.