RU2015135574A - PRODUCTION OF LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS - Google Patents

PRODUCTION OF LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS Download PDF

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Publication number
RU2015135574A
RU2015135574A RU2015135574A RU2015135574A RU2015135574A RU 2015135574 A RU2015135574 A RU 2015135574A RU 2015135574 A RU2015135574 A RU 2015135574A RU 2015135574 A RU2015135574 A RU 2015135574A RU 2015135574 A RU2015135574 A RU 2015135574A
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RU
Russia
Prior art keywords
natural gas
processing system
mixed
hydrocarbon processing
refrigerant
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Application number
RU2015135574A
Other languages
Russian (ru)
Inventor
Расселл Х. Элфке
Майкл Р. МИЛЛЕР
Original Assignee
Эксонмобил Апстрим Рисерч Компани
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Publication of RU2015135574A publication Critical patent/RU2015135574A/en

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/0035—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by gas expansion with extraction of work
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/004—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by flash gas recovery
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/0042—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by liquid expansion with extraction of work
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/0045—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by vaporising a liquid return stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/005—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by expansion of a gaseous refrigerant stream with extraction of work
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0052—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0052—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
    • F25J1/0055—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream originating from an incorporated cascade
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
    • F25J1/007—Primary atmospheric gases, mixtures thereof
    • F25J1/0072—Nitrogen
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
    • F25J1/0097—Others, e.g. F-, Cl-, HF-, HClF-, HCl-hydrocarbons etc. or mixtures thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0211—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0212—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a single flow MCR cycle
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F25J1/0214—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0211—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0214—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle
    • F25J1/0215—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle with one SCR cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0211—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0219—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle in combination with an internal quasi-closed refrigeration loop, e.g. using a deep flash recycle loop
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J1/0229—Integration with a unit for using hydrocarbons, e.g. consuming hydrocarbons as feed stock
    • F25J1/023—Integration with a unit for using hydrocarbons, e.g. consuming hydrocarbons as feed stock for the combustion as fuels, i.e. integration with the fuel gas system
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    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
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    • F25J1/0229—Integration with a unit for using hydrocarbons, e.g. consuming hydrocarbons as feed stock
    • F25J1/0231—Integration with a unit for using hydrocarbons, e.g. consuming hydrocarbons as feed stock for the working-up of the hydrocarbon feed, e.g. reinjection of heavier hydrocarbons into the liquefied gas
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    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
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    • F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
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    • F25J2210/04—Mixing or blending of fluids with the feed stream
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    • F25J2210/06—Splitting of the feed stream, e.g. for treating or cooling in different ways
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    • F25J2220/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for the removal of impurities
    • F25J2220/60—Separating impurities from natural gas, e.g. mercury, cyclic hydrocarbons
    • F25J2220/62—Separating low boiling components, e.g. He, H2, N2, Air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2220/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for the removal of impurities
    • F25J2220/60—Separating impurities from natural gas, e.g. mercury, cyclic hydrocarbons
    • F25J2220/64—Separating heavy hydrocarbons, e.g. NGL, LPG, C4+ hydrocarbons or heavy condensates in general
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2245/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams
    • F25J2245/02—Recycle of a stream in general, e.g. a by-pass stream

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Claims (43)

1. Система переработки углеводородов для производства сжиженного природного газа (СПГ), содержащая:1. A hydrocarbon processing system for the production of liquefied natural gas (LNG), comprising: систему фторуглеродного охлаждения, выполненную с возможностью охлаждать природный газ для производства СПГ при использовании смешанного фторуглеродного хладагента; иa fluorocarbon cooling system configured to cool natural gas for LNG production using mixed fluorocarbon refrigerant; and установку удаления азота (NRU), предназначенную для удаления азота из СПГ.a nitrogen removal unit (NRU) for removing nitrogen from LNG. 2. Система переработки углеводородов по п. 1, содержащая систему азотного охлаждения, выполненную с возможностью дополнительного охлаждения природного газа для получения СПГ при использовании азотного хладагента.2. A hydrocarbon processing system according to claim 1, comprising a nitrogen cooling system configured to further cool natural gas to produce LNG using a nitrogen refrigerant. 3. Система переработки углеводородов по п. 1, содержащая систему самоохлаждения, выполненную с возможностью дополнительного охлаждения природного газа для получения СПГ.3. The hydrocarbon processing system according to claim 1, comprising a self-cooling system configured to further cool natural gas to produce LNG. 4. Система переработки углеводородов по п. 3, в которой система самоохлаждения содержит множество испарительных барабанов и множество расширительных устройств.4. The hydrocarbon processing system according to claim 3, wherein the self-cooling system comprises a plurality of evaporation drums and a plurality of expansion devices. 5. Система переработки углеводородов по п. 1, в которой по меньшей мере часть природного газа охлаждается при использовании потока азота, отделенного от природного газа с помощью NRU.5. The hydrocarbon processing system of claim 1, wherein at least a portion of the natural gas is cooled using a nitrogen stream separated from natural gas by NRU. 6. Система переработки углеводородов по п. 1, в которой система фторуглеродного охлаждения содержит цикл с одним смешанным хладагентом.6. The hydrocarbon processing system according to claim 1, wherein the fluorocarbon cooling system comprises a cycle with one mixed refrigerant. 7. Система переработки углеводородов по п. 1, в которой система фторуглеродного охлаждения содержит цикл со смешанным хладагентом с предварительным охлаждением.7. The hydrocarbon processing system according to claim 1, wherein the fluorocarbon cooling system comprises a pre-cooled mixed refrigerant cycle. 8. Система переработки углеводородов по п. 1, в которой система фторуглеродного охлаждения содержит цикл с двумя смешанными хладагентами.8. The hydrocarbon processing system according to claim 1, wherein the fluorocarbon cooling system comprises a cycle with two mixed refrigerants. 9. Система переработки углеводородов по п. 8, в которой цикл с двумя смешанными хладагентами содержит:9. The hydrocarbon processing system according to claim 8, in which the cycle with two mixed refrigerants contains: первый цикл смешанного хладагента, в котором используется теплый смешанный фторуглеродный хладагент; иa first mixed refrigerant cycle using warm mixed fluorocarbon refrigerant; and второй цикл смешанного хладагента, в котором используется холодный смешанный фторуглеродный хладагент, при этом первый цикл смешанного хладагента и второй цикл смешанного хладагента соединены последовательно.a second mixed refrigerant cycle using cold mixed fluorocarbon refrigerant, wherein the first mixed refrigerant cycle and the second mixed refrigerant cycle are connected in series. 10. Система переработки углеводородов по п. 1, в которой система фторуглеродного охлаждения содержит цикл с тремя смешанными хладагентами.10. The hydrocarbon processing system according to claim 1, wherein the fluorocarbon cooling system comprises a cycle with three mixed refrigerants. 11. Система переработки углеводородов по п. 1, в которой система фторуглеродного охлаждения содержит теплообменник, выполненный с возможностью охлаждения природного газа посредством косвенного теплообмена между природным газом и смешанным фторуглеродным хладагентом.11. The hydrocarbon processing system according to claim 1, wherein the fluorocarbon cooling system comprises a heat exchanger configured to cool natural gas by indirect heat exchange between natural gas and mixed fluorocarbon refrigerant. 12. Система переработки углеводородов по п. 1, в которой система фторуглеродного охлаждения содержит:12. The hydrocarbon processing system according to claim 1, wherein the fluorocarbon cooling system comprises: компрессор, выполненный с возможностью сжатия смешанного фторуглеродного хладагента для получения сжатого смешанного фторуглеродного хладагента;a compressor configured to compress the mixed fluorocarbon refrigerant to produce a compressed mixed fluorocarbon refrigerant; холодильник, выполненный с возможностью охлаждения сжатого смешанного фторуглеродного хладагента для получения охлажденного смешанного фторуглеродного хладагента; иa refrigerator configured to cool the compressed mixed fluorocarbon refrigerant to produce a cooled mixed fluorocarbon refrigerant; and теплообменник, выполненный с возможностью охлаждения природного газа посредством косвенного теплообмена с охлажденным смешанным фторуглеродным хладагентом.a heat exchanger configured to cool natural gas by indirect heat exchange with a cooled mixed fluorocarbon refrigerant. 13. Система переработки углеводородов по п. 1, где система переработки углеводородов выполнена с возможностью охлаждения природного газа для регулирования точки росы углеводородов.13. The hydrocarbon processing system according to claim 1, wherein the hydrocarbon processing system is configured to cool natural gas to control the dew point of hydrocarbons. 14. Система переработки углеводородов по п. 1, где система переработки углеводородов выполнена с возможностью охлаждения природного газа для извлечения газоконденсатной жидкости.14. The hydrocarbon processing system according to claim 1, wherein the hydrocarbon processing system is configured to cool natural gas to extract a gas condensate liquid. 15. Система переработки углеводородов по п. 1, где система переработки углеводородов выполнена с возможностью отделения метана и более легких газов от углекислого газа и более тяжелых газов.15. The hydrocarbon processing system according to claim 1, wherein the hydrocarbon processing system is configured to separate methane and lighter gases from carbon dioxide and heavier gases. 16. Система переработки углеводородов по п. 1, где система переработки углеводородов выполнена с возможностью подготовки углеводородов для производства и хранения сжиженного нефтяного газа.16. The hydrocarbon processing system according to claim 1, wherein the hydrocarbon processing system is configured to prepare hydrocarbons for the production and storage of liquefied petroleum gas. 17. Система переработки углеводородов по п. 1, где система переработки углеводородов выполнена с возможностью конденсации потока орошения.17. The hydrocarbon processing system according to claim 1, wherein the hydrocarbon processing system is configured to condense the irrigation stream. 18. Способ производства сжиженного природного газа (СПГ), включающий в себя:18. A method for the production of liquefied natural gas (LNG), including: охлаждение природного газа для получения СПГ в системе фторуглеродного охлаждения при использовании смешанного фторуглеродного хладагента; иnatural gas cooling to produce LNG in a fluorocarbon cooling system using mixed fluorocarbon refrigerant; and удаление азота из СПГ в установке удаления азота (NRU).nitrogen removal from LNG in a nitrogen removal unit (NRU). 19. Способ по п. 18, включающий в себя дополнительное охлаждение природного газа с образованием СПГ в системе азотного охлаждения при использовании азотного хладагента.19. The method according to p. 18, which includes additional cooling of natural gas with the formation of LNG in a nitrogen cooling system using nitrogen refrigerant. 20. Способ по п. 18, включающий в себя дополнительное охлаждение природного газа с образованием СПГ в системе самоохлаждения.20. The method according to p. 18, including additional cooling of natural gas with the formation of LNG in the self-cooling system. 21. Способ по п. 20, включающий в себя охлаждение по меньшей мере части природного газа при использовании потока азота, отделенного от природного газа с помощью установки удаления азота (NRU).21. The method according to p. 20, comprising cooling at least part of the natural gas using a nitrogen stream separated from natural gas using a nitrogen removal unit (NRU). 22. Способ по п. 18, в котором охлаждение природного газа в системе фторуглеродного охлаждения включает в себя:22. The method according to p. 18, in which the cooling of natural gas in a fluorocarbon cooling system includes: сжатие смешанного фторуглеродного хладагента для получения сжатого смешанного фторуглеродного хладагента;compressing the mixed fluorocarbon refrigerant to produce a compressed mixed fluorocarbon refrigerant; охлаждение сжатого смешанного фторуглеродного хладагента посредством косвенного теплообмена с охлаждающей жидкостью с получением охлажденного смешанного фторуглеродного хладагента;cooling the compressed mixed fluorocarbon refrigerant by indirect heat exchange with a coolant to obtain a cooled mixed fluorocarbon refrigerant; пропускание охлажденного смешанного фторуглеродного хладагента в зону теплообмена; иpassing the cooled mixed fluorocarbon refrigerant into the heat exchange zone; and теплообмен природного газа с охлажденным смешанным фторуглеродным хладагентом в зоне теплообмена.heat transfer of natural gas with a cooled mixed fluorocarbon refrigerant in the heat exchange zone. 23. Система переработки углеводородов для образования сжиженного природного газа (СПГ), содержащая:23. A hydrocarbon processing system for generating liquefied natural gas (LNG), comprising: цикл со смешанным хладагентом, выполненный с возможностью охлаждения природного газа при использовании смешанного фторуглеродного хладагента, при этом цикл со смешанным хладагентом содержит теплообменник, выполненный с возможностью охлаждения природного газа посредством косвенного теплообмена a mixed refrigerant cycle configured to cool natural gas using a mixed fluorocarbon refrigerant, the mixed refrigerant cycle comprising a heat exchanger configured to cool natural gas by indirect heat exchange между природным газом и смешанным фторуглеродным хладагентом;between natural gas and mixed fluorocarbon refrigerant; установку удаления азота (NRU), выполненную с возможностью удаления азота из природного газа; иa nitrogen removal unit (NRU) configured to remove nitrogen from natural gas; and систему самоохлаждения метана, выполненную с возможностью охлаждения природного газа для производства СПГ.a methane self-cooling system configured to cool natural gas for LNG production. 24. Система переработки углеводородов по п. 23, в которой смешанный фторуглеродный хладагент содержит смесь из двух или более фторуглеродных хладагентов.24. The hydrocarbon processing system of claim 23, wherein the mixed fluorocarbon refrigerant comprises a mixture of two or more fluorocarbon refrigerants. 25. Система переработки углеводородов по п. 23, в которой поток азота, отделенный от природного газа с помощью NRU, используется для охлаждения по меньшей мере части природного газа.25. The hydrocarbon processing system of claim 23, wherein the nitrogen stream separated from natural gas by NRU is used to cool at least a portion of the natural gas. 26. Система переработки углеводородов по п. 23, в которой система самоохлаждения метана содержит множество расширительных устройств и множество испарительных барабанов.26. The hydrocarbon processing system of claim 23, wherein the methane self-cooling system comprises a plurality of expansion devices and a plurality of evaporation drums.
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