RU2012697C1 - Knitted fabric for manufacture of clothes protective from electromagnetic radiation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: technology of production of industrial knitted fabric. SUBSTANCE: knitted fabric has two layers, one of which presents conducting framework serving as electromagnetic screen and formed by loops of conducting threads only, and its other layer is formed of loops of textile threads only, which are not conducting and fully covering threads. Conducting threads are knitted in each loop row or in each n-loop row and/or every other, or each n-needle of only one needle bed and located between two adjacent loops in form of throws or horizontal draws. Knitted in loops formed of conducting threads may be knitted loops also of conducting threads laying on those needles of one needle bed which knit layer loops forming conducting framework. Thickness of conducting threads is 5-6 times smaller than that of textile threads which are not conducting. EFFECT: higher efficiency. 4 cl, 5 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to a technology for the production of knitted materials for technical purposes, containing metallic conductive threads in their structure and intended for the manufacture of various types of clothing (trousers, robes, aprons, stockings, etc.) that protect a person from electromagnetic radiation.

 Known material for the manufacture of protective clothing, containing fixed in loops of weaving weave metal plates forming a flaky surface. This material is intended to protect against mechanical damage and is not intended to protect against electromagnetic radiation (US Pat. England N 1281882, CL D 04 B 1/10, 1972).

 Knitted material is also known for the manufacture of clothing, including protective, which is a weaving, in which metal chains are tied. This material has high mechanical properties, is well resistant to abrasion, but is also designed to protect against electromagnetic radiation (US Pat. France N 2203387, CL D 04 B 1/00, 1974).

 Various weaves and methods for their preparation, involving the knitting of metallic threads in a loop structure, are described, for example, in US Pat. Switzerland N 524072, class 104 D 23/00, 1972; US Pat. USA N 3795288, cl. F 01 N 1/10, 1974, US Pat. France N 2239116, cl. D 04 B 1/14, 1975.

 Knitted materials are also known that prevent the formation of electrostatic charges on their surface, which are a loop structure with knitted metal threads or yarn comprising staple metal fibers. These materials are intended for the manufacture of tubular filters for diesel and other engines, heat-insulating coatings for steam and gas turbines, pipelines, etc. However, all these materials are also not intended and are not able to protect a person from electromagnetic radiation (US Pat. No. 4,335,589, class D 04 B 7/16, 1982, Japanese Patent N 47-51677, class D 04 B, 1972). The closest in technical essence and the achieved result is a knitted material for the manufacture of protective clothing, designed to protect a person from electromagnetic radiation and described in US Pat. Czechoslovakia N 269452, cl. D 04 B 21/00, 1991 (prototype). This material contains at least two systems of threads, one of which consists of conductive threads, and the second of textile threads that do not conduct electrical current; filament systems form a kind of screen that reduces the intensity of electromagnetic radiation. The objective of the invention is to obtain such a knitted material for the manufacture of protective clothing against electromagnetic radiation, which, along with the function of special protection, had high physical and mechanical properties and high hygiene by eliminating the contact of conductive threads with the human body without increasing electrical resistance at the contact points of the loops formed from conductive threads and located in adjacent looped rows. Such a knitted material can withstand repeated washing without violating the effect of shielding from electromagnetic radiation.

 The problem is achieved in that in a knitted material for the manufacture of clothing that is protective against electromagnetic radiation, containing at least two systems of threads, one of which consists of electrically conductive threads, and the second of textile fibers that do not conduct electrical current, the thread systems form a basic weaving, the loops of which form a screen, while the system of filaments form two layers, one of which is an electrically conductive lattice formed by loops only of conductive threads, and w The second layer is formed by loops only of threads that do not conduct electric current and completely overlap on one side loops of conductive threads.

 To reflect electromagnetic radiation with different wavelengths, the dimensions of the lattice cells of the layer formed by loops of only conductive filaments are changed, for which purpose the conductive filaments are knitted in each or every n-loop row and (or) every second or every n-needle of one needle bar and are located between adjacent loops in the form of horizontal broaches or in the form of inclined sketches.

 To increase the reflection coefficient of electromagnetic radiation in loops formed from conductive threads, weave loops in the form of chains, also formed from conductive threads combined in a third system of threads and laid on the same needles of the same needle bar, which knit the loop of the layer forming the conductive grid . As conductive threads, copper wire and (or) an alloy wire containing nickel can be used, and having a thickness of 5-10 times less (for example 50 μm) of the thickness of textile threads that do not conduct electric current (for example, a linear density of 31 tex x 2 )

 In FIG. 1-5 depicts the looped structure of the proposed knitted material for the manufacture of protective clothing against electromagnetic radiation (for clarity, the structure of the weaves are shown in a stretched state).

 The attached sample of knitted material, corresponding to the claims, characterizes the structure and structure of the material in a free state.

 The proposed knitted material can be made on circular knitting and flat knitting machines and its loop structure contains two layers, one of which is an electrically conductive lattice with cell 1 (Fig. 1), which plays the role of an electromagnetic screen. This layer consists of loops 2, which are formed of conductive threads 3, knitted every second needle with only one, for example, front, needle bed of a flat knitting machine. The second layer consists of loops 4 and 5, which are formed from textile threads 6 that do not conduct electric current. Loops 4 are knitted with those needles of the front needle bar that are not involved in the formation of loops 2 of the first layer, and loops 5 are knitted with all the needles of the rear needle bar.

 As conductive filaments, a wire with a low electrical resistance is used, for example, from copper and (or) from an alloy with a high nickel content. The diameter of the wire, for example 50 microns, and 5-10 times less than the thickness of textile yarns, which are used as natural or synthetic electrically conductive yarns with a linear density, for example 31 tex x 2.

 As a result of the presence of front 4 and back loops 5 of textile yarns, the knitted material has high elasticity and, on one side of the loop material 5, the broaches of threads 3 and loops 2 completely overlap. Due to the fact that the thickness of threads 3 is 5-10 times less the thickness of the textile yarns, the surface of the second side of the material is formed by loops 4 and loops 2 do not extend to this surface. These material features are observed in the analysis of the attached sample of the proposed knitted material.

 The presence in the structure of a layer of loops 4 and 5 does not increase the electrical resistance at the contact points of the conductive filaments 3 in loops 2 located in adjacent loop rows, which provides a high reflection coefficient (0.7-0.9) of electromagnetic radiation. These values of the reflection coefficient were obtained when studying samples of the proposed material in measuring waveguide lines P1-11 and P1-21 at electromagnetic wavelengths of 10 cm and 3 cm.

 Obviously, the reflection coefficient of electromagnetic radiation with long wavelengths for the tested materials (with given cell sizes of the electrically conductive grid) will have large values.

 In order to effectively reflect electromagnetic radiation with different wavelengths, the dimensions of cell 1 are changed, for which purpose the conductive filaments 3 are knitted in loops 2 in each stitch row (Fig. 1), every second stitch row (Fig. 2), every n-loop row or every second or n-needle of one, for example, the front needle of a flat knitting machine, and are located between adjacent loops in the form of horizontal broaches (Figs. 1 and 2) or in the form of inclined sketches - as shown in Fig. 3 and 4..

 If there are drafts in the structure of the knitwear (as shown in Figs. 3 and 4), the angle of coverage of the conductive threads 3 at the contact points of the loops 2 formed in adjacent loop rows increases, which provides a more reliable electrical contact between the conductive threads. This helps to reduce the electrical resistance of the electrically conductive lattice (one layer of knitted material) and provides an increase in the reflection coefficient of electromagnetic radiation.

 For the manufacture of the most critical materials and products with a high reflection coefficient of electromagnetic radiation (not lower than 0.9), knitted material, the structure of which is shown in FIG. 5. The minimum electrical resistance of the electrically conductive lattice (one layer of knitwear) along the loop columns and thereby the maximum possible reflection coefficient is ensured by the fact that in the loops 2 formed from conductive threads 3, weave loops 7 in the form of loops of a chain of conductive threads 8 of the third system threads and laid on the same needles of the same needle bar, which knit loops 2 of threads 3.

 To lay threads 8 on these needles, the flat knitting machine is equipped with eye needles tucked with threads 8. The comb shift is provided by an additional mechanism having an actuator made, for example, in the form of an electromagnet.

Claims (4)

 1. KNITTED MATERIAL FOR MANUFACTURING ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION PROTECTIVE CLOTHING, made by basic weaving with the layout of the loops in the form of a screen and formed by at least two systems of threads, one of which consists of conductive threads, and the other consists of non-conductive textile threads characterized in that the material is made of double weave, while one of its sides includes loops made of conductive threads and arranged to form a screen in the form of an electrical conductor s lattice and the other side is formed by hinges made of filaments, not conducting electric current and arranged with full overlapping loops of conductive filaments opposite side.  2. The material according to claim 1, characterized in that the loops of the electrically conductive lattice formed from conductive threads are located in each second loop column between adjacent loops of inclined sketches or horizontal broaches.  3. The material according to claim 1, characterized in that the loops of the loop posts of the electrically conductive lattice are formed by two conductive threads, one of which is knitted in the form of chain loops.  4. The material according to claim 1, characterized in that copper wire or a wire made of an alloy containing nickel is 5 to 10 times less than the thickness of textile threads that do not conduct electric current as the conductive threads.

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