RU2012251C1 - Electromechanical unit for cutting osseous tissues, osteotomy, for introducing and extracting rods at osteosynthesis and for massage - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: traumatology, orthopaedics. SUBSTANCE: power supply, made in form of electron unit, has sine and saw-tooth oscillations generator, d. c. amplifier, provided with frequency and amplitude regulators. Combined rod 9, provided with removable working tool, reciprocates in bearings 19 and 16 smoothly, as well as it may perform strikes, pull and vibration motions. Bone may not be seared due to choosing optimal mode of sawing. Medium section 10 of rod 9 is made of diamagnetic material and disposed in tubular case 6. The rest parts of the rod serves like anchors 8. Permanent magnets 11 and 12 are rigidly fixed onto the anchors. The magnets are disposed relatively poles of magnetizing coil and yoke 7 at a distance, being equal to working pass of rod 9. The magnets are made for interaction with protruding buffer rubber rings 13. Key 17 excludes turning-through of rod 9. EFFECT: improved efficiency; improved safety. 3 cl, 3 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to medical equipment, namely to devices for traumatology and orthopedics and can be used for dissection of bone and soft tissues, osteotomy, with the introduction (clogging) and extraction of intraosseous pins, as well as a gypsum cutter and massage device. This multifunctionality is achieved by replacing the working tool and changing the operating mode accordingly.

 Known electric drill for processing bones, containing an electric motor located in the handle, a spindle, a tip, removable cutting tools and a pedal for turning on the electric motor. The motor shaft is connected to the tip spindle using a flexible shaft in the form of a wire spiral.

The disadvantages of the prototype device:
limited functionality;
the impossibility of changing the processing regimes of the bone and, as a consequence, the inconvenience in use.

 The purpose of the invention is the expansion of functionality and ease of use.

 The essence of the invention lies in the fact that as an electric power source, an electronic unit is used, containing sinusoidal and sawtooth oscillators, as well as a direct current amplifier. In this block there are frequency and amplitude controllers for the electric signal, as a result of which a hand-held vibrator, or rather its stock with a working tool, can perform smooth reciprocating movements, and shocks, and jerking movements and vibrations. The selection of the most favorable regime for bone sawing made it possible to exclude the possibility of burning it (which was observed during ultrasonic processing of the bone), and to increase the ease of use. If slow sinusoidal oscillations can be simulated by hand, then sawtooth oscillations (with a steep leading or trailing edge and, accordingly, a gentle front) cannot be simulated manually. This circumstance made it possible to obtain a pulling force when removing smooth pins.

 The use of permanent magnets rigidly fixed on the rod near the poles of the magnetizing coil, significantly increased the axial force on the rod and, accordingly, on the working tool, since the attraction (repulsion) of the magnets from the poles of the coil is combined with the force of pulling the armature into the coil.

The use of aluminum wire facilitates the weight of the coil, and the use of oxide (nitride, fluoride) insulation of the wire allows to increase the number of turns (i.e., to improve the filling of the working space of the coil). The heat resistance of the coil increases (up to 300-350 ^о С), while aluminum is paramagnetic, its magnetic permeability is more than one, and diamagnet copper (magnetic permeability is less than one). Therefore, a winding of aluminum wire does not weaken the magnetic flux induced by it, but slightly enhances it.

 In FIG. 1 shows a device assembled with a working tool in the form of a single-end saw, general view; in FIG. 2 - general view of a manual vibrator, section (working tool conditionally removed); in FIG. 3 - front (front) panel of the electronic power supply.

 The inventive device consists of a manual vibrator 1 (electromagnetic reciprocating motion engine) with interchangeable tools 2 and an electronic power supply 3. The power supply 3 is assembled in a single housing consisting of sinusoidal and sawtooth oscillators and a constant current amplifier with adjustable frequency and amplitude. The vibrator 1 is connected to the output of the power supply 3 using a flexible cable 4. To the AC mains, the power supply is connected using a cord 5. The manual vibrator 1 consists of a tubular body 6, a yoke-clip 7, a magnetizing coil 8, a steel armature 8, the continuation of which It is simultaneously a rod 9. The middle part of the rod 10, made of diamagnetic metal, is rigidly connected to the halves of the rod. The steel sections of the rod adjacent to the ends of the coil serve as anchors. Permanent magnets 11 and 12 are rigidly fixed to the anchors 8, facing each other with the same poles, for example, the north N-N (see Fig. 2). The magnets are located from the poles of the coil 8 and the yoke 7 at a certain distance equal to the stroke of the rod. In FIG. 2 shows the moment of operation of the vibrator when the left magnet 11 is pressed against the left pole of the coil 8 and the yoke 7 through a rubber shock absorber 13 in the form of a ring, and the right magnet is pushed away from the right pole of the coil by a full stroke distance. The front end of the stem has a threaded portion 14 for holding the tool 2. The stem 9 is mounted in bronze slide bearings 15 and 16, and the steering key holds it against rotation of the stem 17. The movable system (rod with magnets) is resiliently rotated relative to the stationary system (housing with bearings) by springs 18. Bearings 15 and 16 are fixed in the necessary places of the housing 6 using threaded guzhi 19. The housing 6 is equipped with a removable handle 20. The wires 21 from the coil 8 through the normally open contacts 22 of the return button 23 go into the cable 4, which is connected to the unit 3. The front panel 24 of the electronic unit 3 (see FIG. 1) is shown in detail in FIG. 3, where the name of the device is shown on the left, and the operation and adjustment modes on the right. The common mains voltage switch is indicated by pos. 25; the corresponding light bulb - pos. 26; open input socket is indicated by pos. 27; 28 - toggle switch mode; 29 - toggle switch, switching to a direct or reverse "saw".

ELECTRONIC POWER SUPPLY CHARACTERISTICS
The limits of frequency variation of the sawtooth oscillator are 0.1-100 Hz.

 The limits of frequency change of the generator of sinusoidal oscillations are 1-200 Hz.

 The output power of the unit at a load of 4 ohms is at least 100 watts.

The output power can be adjusted from 0 to P _max .

The unit allows continuous operation at P _{max for} at least 4 hours

When reducing the R load, but not lower than 1 Ohm, it is forbidden to work at maximum power!
The unit is designed to work on the network 220 $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{+ 10\%}}{\text{-fifteen\%}}$ . With a lower value of the supply voltage, P _max decreases by 15%.

 The unit is protected against short circuits in the load circuit.

The operating frequency range of the block is 0.01-2x10 ⁴ Hz.

The unit works in the temperature range 20-50 ° ^C.

 Power consumption no more than 200 watts.

 The unit allows operation from any external signal source.

 The maximum output voltage at the output of the unit does not exceed 22 Veff.

 Overall dimensions of the block: 370х380х140 mm.

 Weight is not more than 6 kg.

 Execution - desktop, allows carrying.

The unit has an “open” input, which allows amplifying electrical vibrations of any shape, for example, rectangular, while the operating frequency of the unit corresponds to 0.01-2x10 ⁴ Hz.

 The device is used as follows. First, prepare a set of interchangeable working tools, respectively, necessary at the moment the function of the device. So, a single-end saw made of titanium or hardened tool steel with a chrome coating is used for bone sawing, various chisels for osteotomy, cylindrical hammers for introducing pins, grippers (catchers) for removing pins, various rubber nozzles for massage. The necessary working tool 2 is fixed on the threaded end of the rod 14 and the power supply unit 3 is connected to the 50 Hz 220 V AC network via a cord 5 (presumably the cable 4 is inserted into the corresponding socket 4 of the panel 24 (see Fig. 3). Next, the toggle switch 25 - lamp 26 lights up. Select the operating mode on panel 24 using the corresponding toggle switch 28 (shock or smooth). When selecting the shock operation mode, there are two more options that can be selected using the toggle switch 29. This operation is based on the so-called direct “saw” (pulse front at the beginning cool, but gently sloping), or on the reverse “saw” (the front of the impulse is initially gentle, then abruptly breaks down to zero.) On the direct “saw”, they strike the osteotome or pin, and on the reverse — pull out the pins, while maintaining constant tension of the instrument by hand.

 On a direct "saw" also produce massage, as well as on a sinusoid. At the end of the procedure or operation, the actions are performed in the reverse order. The operation of the vibrator is shown in FIG. 2. Here is shown the moment of such a half-period of alternating voltage on coil 8, when the south pole appears on its left and the north pole on its right. In this case, the left magnet 11 is attracted, and the right one is repelled, dragging the rod 9 to the right. The left armature 8, being closer than the other armature 8a, is drawn into the coil 8, adding up with the force of the magnets. The diamagnetic insert 10, which is pushed from the coil toward the magnet 12, also contributes to the increase in traction on the rod. A copper-zinc alloy (30% copper, 70% zinc) having a relatively high negative magnetic susceptibility (χ = -12.5, see Prince Ebert G. A Brief Guide to Physics (Moscow: Fitmazgiz. 1963, p. 425).

 Barium ferrite is used as permanent magnets. Significantly better results can be obtained by using an alloy like Co - REM (cobalt-rare-earth metals) as permanent magnets, for example: cobalt-samarium. In this case, the magnetic field strength will be 1.0-1.5 T.

 Thus, when using the inventive device in traumatology, orthopedics and physiotherapy, the necessary positive effect is achieved. (56) Copyright certificate of the USSR N 236707, cl. A 61 B 17/16, 1969.

Claims (3)

 1. ELECTROMECHANICAL DEVICE FOR CUTTING BONE TISSUES, OSTEOTOTOMIES, INTRODUCTION AND REMOVAL OF PINS FOR OSTEOSYNTHESIS AND FOR MASSAGE, containing a power supply, a starter, a tubular housing, sliding bearings placed in the housing, mounted by the end with the ends in the bearings tool holder, and removable cutting tools, characterized in that it is additionally equipped with removable tools for massage and for inserting and removing pins during osteosynthesis e, and in the cavity of the housing there is an electromagnetic actuator connected to the power supply in the form of a magnetizing coil made of aluminum material with oxide insulation placed in the center of the housing and enclosed in a cage of magnetic material, the rod being secured with a second end in the second bearing by means of a key and consists of three parts, the middle of which is made of diamagnetic material and installed in the cavity of the magnetizing coil, the extreme parts are made of ferromagnetic and They are rigidly fixed with permanent magnets, installed with the possibility of magnetic interaction with the coil poles and with the possibility of mechanical interaction with protruding rubber buffer ends, fixed in the grooves made in the ends of the cage, the power supply is made in the form of a generator of sinusoidal and sawtooth signals with adjustable frequency and adjustable amplitude, the housing is made of magnetic material and is equipped with a removable holder, on which a manual starter in the form of buttons is placed ki, cutting tools are made in the form of bone knives and osteotomes, and a compression spring is placed between the bearing installed on the first end of the rod and the permanent magnet.  2. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that the distances from the permanent magnets to the ends of the holder are equal to the stroke of the rod.  3. The device according to paragraphs. 1 and 2, characterized in that the magnetizing coil is made with a multilayer winding and is equipped with additional oxide insulation placed between the layers in the form of aluminum foil with a nitride or fluoride coating.

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