RU2012144107A - PLANT FOR WATER TREATMENT WITH OZONE AND METHODS FOR ITS DOSING (OPTIONS) - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A method of dosing ozone in the treatment of drinking water, including the preparation of compressed, cooled and drained atmospheric air, passing air at a predetermined flow rate through an ozone generator with a power source, synthesizing ozone to provide a predetermined concentration of ozone in an ozone-air mixture, passing an ozone-air mixture through the openings of the dispersants with the exit from them of an upward flow of small bubbles into the volume of treated water flowing through the reaction capacity of the contact tanks with the provision the ozone dose in each of them by distributing the total consumption of the ozone-air mixture between the contact tanks in proportion to the water flow in each of them, diverting the spent ozone-air mixture from the gas pads of the contact tanks to the residual ozone destructor, followed by the release of the ozone-air mixture with safe the concentration of ozone in it in the atmosphere, characterized in that at different periods of operation of the installation of water ozonation, the ozone-air mixture is passed through dispersers with various in full at constant flow rate, and the necessary dose change at each stage is provided by changing the concentration of ozone in the ozone-air mixture in the range from 70 to 120% of the optimal concentration corresponding to the minimum energy consumption for the production of 1 kg of ozone, and the ratio of the maximum consumption of ozone-air mixture at the last stage, to the minimum, at the first, they are taken to be no more than 2, while a continuous change in the ozone dose at the junction of the ozone-air mixture flow stages is ensured by setting the boundaries of each di

Claims (11)

1. A method of dosing ozone in the treatment of drinking water, including the preparation of compressed, cooled and drained atmospheric air, passing air at a predetermined flow rate through an ozone generator with a power source, synthesizing ozone to provide a predetermined concentration of ozone in an ozone-air mixture, passing an ozone-air mixture through the openings of the dispersants with the exit from them of an upward flow of small bubbles into the volume of treated water flowing through the reaction capacity of the contact tanks with the provision the ozone dose in each of them by distributing the total consumption of the ozone-air mixture between the contact tanks in proportion to the water flow in each of them, diverting the spent ozone-air mixture from the gas pads of the contact tanks to the residual ozone destructor, followed by the release of the ozone-air mixture with safe the concentration of ozone in it in the atmosphere, characterized in that at different periods of operation of the installation of water ozonation, the ozone-air mixture is passed through dispersers with various in full at constant flow rate, and the necessary dose change at each stage is provided by changing the concentration of ozone in the ozone-air mixture in the range from 70 to 120% of the optimal concentration corresponding to the minimum energy consumption for the production of 1 kg of ozone, and the ratio of the maximum consumption of ozone-air mixture at the last stage, to the minimum, at the first, they are taken to be no more than 2, while a continuous change in the ozone dose at the junction of the ozone-air mixture flow stages is ensured by setting the boundaries of each di the dose range abroad adjacent to not less than 15% of the range, and the size of the bubbles of the ozone-air mixture from 0.8 to 1.2 mm, providing a range of the degree of absorption of ozone by water in the range of more than 95%, is obtained by passing ozone-air mixtures either through thin, 0.4-0.5 mm thick perforated plates of dispersants of titanium in which the holes are made by laser piercing, the average diameter of the holes being set from 65 to 75 microns, and the diameter of any hole from 60 to 80 microns, total tversty a dispersant and a minimum pressure drop ozone-air mixture to the openings are selected based on the conditions crossing dispersants predetermined minimum flow rate of the ozone-air mixture at the mean value of the specific flow rate through one opening equal to 145 ± 15 LMW ³ / s or ozone-air mixture pass through dispersants with porous plates 3–4 mm thick made by sintering of titanium powder with porosity from 45 to 50% and through pore sizes from 40 to 120 μm, with the total working area of the plates and maximum DUTY differential pressure of the ozone-air mixture on the plates are selected based on the condition passes through dispersing a predetermined minimum flow rate of the ozone-air mixture at the mean value of the specific flow rate through the 1 cm ² area of the plate dispersant equal to 280 ± 28 LMW ³ / s, range rate stage ozone-air mixtures and the concentration of ozone in it is carried out by the corresponding block of software and mathematical support of a dispatching system for automatically controlling the operation of a water ozonation unit, which calculates the consumption the current performance of the ozone generator according to the following formula: $$Q_{s\mathrm{but}d}^{\max }=\frac{{\beta }_{s\mathrm{but}d}^{te\mathrm{to}}\cdot G_{H_{2}O}^{te\mathrm{to}}}{1000\cdot {\epsilon }_{\mathrm{one}}\cdot {\epsilon }_2}$$

, where Q is the productivity of the ozone generator, kg / h; β is the dose of ozone in water, g / m ³ ; $$G_{H_{2}O}$$

- water consumption, m ³ / h; ε ₁ - the actual degree of absorption of ozone by water, which is determined by the results of commissioning; ε ₂ is the ozone loss coefficient during transportation of the ozone-air mixture from the ozone generator to dispersants, and sets a suitable flow rate at which the condition is satisfied: $$G_n\cdot 0.7c_{opt}\le Q_{s\mathrm{but}d}^{te\mathrm{to}}\le G_n\cdot \mathrm{1,2}{c}_{opt}$$

, calculates the required value of the current concentration of ozone in the ozone-air mixture according to the formula: $$c_n^{te\mathrm{to}}=\frac{Q_{s\mathrm{but}d}^{te\mathrm{to}}}{G_n}$$

, where n is the serial number of the flow rate; then it sends messages to the local automatic control systems (LASU) of the air preparation unit, the ozone generator and dispersion of the ozone-air mixture about the selected air flow rate and to the LASU of the ozone generator about the required ozone concentration and, receiving a message from LASU about the readiness for launch, starting the installation according to the adopted sequence diagram, when switching to a stage with a large consumption of ozone-air mixture, the opening of the throttle valves installed at the input of individual dispersant lines and the overflow are increased d pressure at the holes and serves an additional air flow rate to the ozone generator and the ozone-air mixture to the dispersants, while the electric power supply of the ozone generator power supply is maintained, and the ozone concentration is thereby reduced by increasing the air flow rate, due to which it is stored for some time, for example, 3 ÷ 5 minutes, the dose of ozone at the level of the previous stage, and then, after establishing a stationary process, increase the concentration, providing a given dose at a new stage of consumption of the ozone-air mixture, if necessary, adjust the ozone-air mixture flow rate at the current stage within 5 ÷ 10%, the maximum productivity of the generator and the ozone dose are obtained at the last step of the ozone-air mixture flow at a maximum ozone concentration of 1.2 s _opt , and the minimum the first stage with a minimum concentration equal to 0.7 c _opt , while the largest realized value of the ratio of the maximum dose to the minimum is determined by the formula:

$$$$

$$$$

2. The method of dispensing ozone according to claim 1, characterized in that the predetermined consumption levels of the ozone-air mixture at the selected steps are provided by setting the throttles of the chokes installed on the supply pipes of the contact tank in front of the individual groups of dispersants in a predetermined position, while the pressure of the ozone-air the mixtures in front of the throttles at all flow rates are maintained at the same level by changing the hydroresistance of the additional throttle installed on the ozone-air mixture supply line, computer siruyuschego change in pressure loss of the ozone-air mixture in the network by changing the flow rate stage. 3. The method of dispensing ozone according to claim 1, characterized in that the homogeneous dispersers of the ozone-air mixture in the contact tank are combined into three separate lines with autonomously controlled input chokes, which provide the necessary excess power reserve for opening the shutters, and use it if one from dispersant lines or when the throughput of dispersant holes is reduced due to mineral or biological fouling during ozonation of water, increasing the pressure drop across the holes to the maximum allowable, and achieve the required flow rate of the ozone-air mixture and the dose of ozone. 4. The method of dosing ozone according to claim 1, characterized in that in some cases, several axial low-pressure compressors (1.8 ÷ 2.1 kgf / cm ² ) with a constant level of productivity and, sequentially including in work on one compressor, provide a step change in air flow into the ozone generator in accordance with the law of arithmetic progression: G _n = G ₁ + d · (n-1), nm ³ / h, where n is the serial number of the flow rate; G _n - flow rate at the n-th stage, nm ³ / h; d is the progression difference equal to the performance of one compressor; G ₁ = m ₁ · d - flow rate at the first stage, nm ³ / h; m ₁ - the number of compressors involved in the first stage of flow, the ratio of air flow at the last stage to the flow rate at the first is taken equal to 2, and the maximum required number of compressors m _max and air flow stages n _max is determined by the formulas: m _max = 2 · m ₁ , n _max = m ₁ +1. 5. The ozone dosing method according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one high-pressure working compressor, for example, 7 ÷ 10 kgf / cm ² , of batch operation with access to the air collector (receiver) is used for preliminary compression of atmospheric air equipped with a reducer at the outlet that automatically maintains the air pressure at the outlet from it to the network, for example, in the range from 1.8 to 2.1 kgf / cm ² , when the consumption in the network changes up to 2 times, while the air is taken from receiver to the ozone generator and the ozone-air mixture to dispersants p produce in steps with a flow rate in accordance with the law of geometric progression: G _n = G ₁ · q ^n-1 , nm ³ / h, where G _n - flow rate at the n-th stage; G ₁ - flow rate at the 1st stage; n is the serial number of the flow rate; q - denominator of progression, the ratio of the maximum consumption of the ozone-air mixture at the last stage

to the minimum flow rate at the first G _{1 is} taken equal to 2, and the denominator of the progression q is determined depending on the number of steps by the formula:

, the possible recommended number of steps 3 or 4, with q = 1.41 and q = 1.27, respectively, and the limits for the available dose of ozone at each stage of the flow of OVS are determined by the formulas:

;

. 6. A method of dosing ozone in the treatment of drinking water, including the preparation of compressed, cooled and dried atmospheric air, passing air at a predetermined flow rate through an ozone generator with a power source, synthesizing ozone to provide a predetermined concentration of ozone in an ozone-air mixture, passing an ozone-air mixture through the openings of the dispersants with the exit from them of an upward flow of small bubbles into the volume of treated water flowing through the reaction capacity of the contact tanks with the provision the ozone dose in each of them by distributing the total consumption of the ozone-air mixture between the contact tanks in proportion to the water flow in each of them, diverting the spent ozone-air mixture from the gas pads of the contact tanks to the residual ozone destructor, followed by the release of the ozone-air mixture with safe the concentration of ozone in it into the atmosphere, characterized in that for dispersion of the OVS in the Kyrgyz Republic, three separate dispersant lines, controlled by the consumption of the OVS, allowing periodic skipping are used OVS preparation without loss of bandwidth due to mineral and biological overgrowth of openings during non-working periods, for example, in which perforated plates are made of ozone-resistant, highly elastic ethylene propylene rubber of the EPDM grade, injection molded with a Teflon release adhesive applied to the outer surface of the plate through slots, opening and self-cleaning when tensioning the plates from the pressure of the ozone-air mixture supplied into the cavity of the dispersant, and when dumping pressure closing under water pressure, ensuring tightness, and dispersants have a linear dependence of the specific consumption of the ozone-air mixture through one opening hole on the pressure drop in the form: $$G_{\mathrm{at}d}^{\mathrm{one}\mathrm{about}t\mathrm{at}}={\mathrm{to}}_{\mathrm{about}P}\cdot (\Delta \rho -\mathrm{one})$$

, Where $$G_{\mathrm{at}d}^{\mathrm{one}\mathrm{about}t\mathrm{at}}$$

- specific consumption of ozone-air mixture through 1 hole, nl / h / 1 holes; Δр - pressure drop, kPa; to _op ≈0.5 ± 0.05 - experimental coefficient, in this case, the selection of compressed air for ozone synthesis is carried out from the air intake of the air preparation system, and depending on the size of the ozone dose range in water, the selection is made with a flow rate corresponding to one of the six steps provided, at each of which the flow rate of the ozone-air mixture corresponds to the following law arithmetic progression: $$G_n=\frac{n+\mathrm{one}}{2}\cdot G_{\mathrm{one}}$$

, $$G_{\mathrm{one}}=N_{\mathrm{about}t\mathrm{at}}^{l\mathrm{and}n}\cdot {(G_{\mathrm{at}d}^{\mathrm{one}\mathrm{about}t\mathrm{at}})}_{\min }=\frac{{\beta }_{\min }^{\mathrm{at}\mathrm{from}t}\cdot G_{H_{2}O}^{s\mathrm{but}d}}{0.7\cdot c_{opt}}$$

, where n is the sequence number of the step; $$N_{\mathrm{about}t\mathrm{at}}^{l\mathrm{and}n}$$

- the total number of holes in the dispersers of one line; $${\beta }_{\min }^{\mathrm{at}\mathrm{from}t}$$

- the minimum value of the established dose of ozone in water; c _opt is the optimal concentration of ozone in the ozone-air mixture; $$G_{H_{2}O}^{s\mathrm{but}d}$$

- set flow rate of treated water; $${(G_{\mathrm{at}d}^{\mathrm{one}\mathrm{about}t\mathrm{at}})}_{\min }$$

- the accepted minimum value of the specific consumption of the ozone-air mixture through one hole of the dispersant, nl / h1otv, and with an increase in the minimum dose of ozone not more than 6 times, 6 flow rates are used: - 1st and 2nd — for passing the ozone-air mixture through one line of dispersants, - 3rd and 4th stages for passing the ozone-air mixture through two lines of dispersants, - 5th and 6th steps for passing the ozone-air mixture through three lines of dispersants; at the same time, the ozone dose at each stage of the constant flow rate of the ozone-air mixture is provided by changing the ozone concentration in the OVS in the range from 0.7 s _opt to 1.2 s _opt , and a continuous change in the dose at the junction of the OVS flow stages is provided by using the possibility of entering the boundaries each dose range beyond the border of an adjacent section by no less than 15% of the range value: a predetermined level of OVS flow rate at selected stages is ensured by setting individual throttles of OVS disperser lines at the appropriate position of the inlet damper valves while maintaining at the same level at all levels of flow the pressure of the OVS in front of the chokes by changing the compensating hydraulic resistance of the additional choke installed on the supply line of the OVS in the contact tanks of the installation; the choice of the level of OVS consumption and the concentration of ozone in it is carried out by the corresponding block of software and mathematics; the choice of the OVS flow rate and the concentration of ozone in it is carried out by the corresponding block of software and mathematics for the dispatching system of automatic control (DCS) of the operation of the water ozonation unit, which calculates the required current performance of the ozone generator by the following formula: $$Q_{s\mathrm{but}d}^{te\mathrm{to}}=\frac{{\beta }_{s\mathrm{but}d}^{te\mathrm{to}}\cdot G_{H_{2}O}^{te\mathrm{to}}}{1000\cdot {\epsilon }_{\mathrm{one}}\cdot {\epsilon }_2}$$

, Where: $$Q_{s\mathrm{but}d}^{te\mathrm{to}}$$

- productivity of the ozone generator, kg / h; C is the concentration of ozone in the OVS, g / nm ³ ; $${\beta }_{s\mathrm{but}d}^{te\mathrm{to}}$$

- dose of ozone in water, g / m ³ ; $$G_{H_{2}O}$$

- water consumption, m ³ / h; ε ₁ - the actual degree of absorption of ozone by water, which is determined by the results of commissioning; ε ₂ is the coefficient of ozone loss due to self-decomposition during the transportation of the OVS from the generator to the dispersants and sets a suitable flow rate at which the condition is satisfied: $$G_n\cdot C_{\min }\le Q_{s\mathrm{but}d}^{te\mathrm{to}}\le G_n\cdot C_{\max }$$

calculates the required value of the current concentration of ozone in the OVS according to the formula: $$C_n^{te\mathrm{to}}=\frac{Q_{s\mathrm{but}d}^{te\mathrm{to}}}{G_n}$$

; where n is the sequence number of the selected step; then it sends messages to the local automatic control systems (LASU) of the air preparation system, ozone generator and dispersion of the OVS about the selected level of the OVS consumption and additionally to the LASU of the ozone generator about the required ozone concentration and, having received messages from all LASU about the readiness for launch, it launches settings according to the adopted sequence diagram; when moving to a higher flow rate due to an increase in the current ozone dose without the need to connect an additional dispersant line, the LASU dispersion system issues commands to synchronously increase the flow area of the input chokes of the active dispersant lines, achieving the required total flow rate of the ODS and the concentration of the ozone synthesis system in the LASU ozone, achieving the required generator performance and ozone dose; if it is necessary to connect an additional line of dispersants at the command of the control system of the LASU, the dispersion system first issues a command to synchronously reduce the feedthrough of the input chokes of the active dispersant lines and increase the feedthrough of the input choke of the connected line, first striving to maintain the same flow rate of the OVS and equalize the flow rates along the lines using meter readings differential pressure, and then to synchronously increase the flow area of the chokes of all active lines, finish ayas establish the desired total flow SMF and Lasu system to change the ozone concentration of ozone synthesis and achieving the desired performance of the generator and the ozone dose. 7. Installation for water treatment with ozone, containing an air preparation system including a compressor unit, a desiccant, a cooler, an ozone synthesis system, including an ozone generator with a power source, contact tanks with a system for supplying, passing and draining water to the consumer, a supply, distribution and dispersion system ozone-air mixture (OVS), containing the main pipeline in communication with the ozone generator and dispersants of the ozone-air mixture by means of taps on each contact tank and supplying pipelines on which dispersants of ozone-air mixture are installed and evenly distributed in the bottom part of the contact reservoir, a system for discharging spent OVS from the gas pads of the contact reservoirs, destruction of residual ozone and emission of the mixture into the atmosphere, an automated control system with shut-off and control and measuring equipment, characterized in that the system for the preparation of dried and cooled air includes: either several similar low-pressure compressors in pre elah from 1.8 to 2.1 kgf / cm ² with the same level of performance unregulated device with bypass air compressor output to the input, with the possibility of using it at the start of compressors and air consumption when changing the network, or includes, at least, one working high-pressure compressor in the range from 7 to 10 kgf / cm ^{2 of} periodic operation with access to the air collector (receiver), equipped with a gearbox at the outlet that automatically maintains an air pressure of 1.8 ÷ 2.1 kgf / cm ² at the outlet to the pipeline, supply generator oz it is equipped with a locking element and measuring instruments for air flow and pressure; a pressure meter and an automatic throttling device with the ability to maintain the pressure level of the feed by compensating for changes in pressure loss when adjusting the flow rate of the OVS are mounted in the main pipeline for supplying the OVS to the taps on the contact tanks; each contact tank is equipped with a distribution manifold with pressure and ozone concentration in the OVS, a filter and a flowmeter mounted on the branch from the main pipeline, while the same type of OVD dispersers are combined by supply pipelines in three separate lines connected to the distribution manifold via input chokes with automatically adjustable area passage section, the maximum value of which is 3 ÷ 4 times greater than the total area of the passage section of the holes in the dispersion plates tori separate line; and each line can be equipped with homogeneous dispersants with porous plates 3–4 mm thick, made by sintering of titanium powder with through pore sizes from 40 to 120 μm, while the total working area of the dispersant plates of the three lines is selected from the condition of ensuring the minimum set dose of ozone in water with a minimum concentration of ozone in the OVS equal to 70% of the optimal concentration corresponding to the minimum energy consumption for the production of 1 kg of ozone and the average specific consumption of OVS ithout 1 cm ² of the working area of the plates, equal to 290 ± 30 LMW ³ / s, or can be equipped with titanium plates dispersants thickness of 0.4 ÷ 0.5 mm, the laser perforated with an average diameter of holes in the accessory parts in the range of from 65 to 75 μm, with a diameter of any hole from 60 to 80 μm, while the total number of holes in the dispersant is selected from the condition of ensuring the minimum installed dose of ozone in water with a minimum concentration of ozone in the OVS equal to 70% of the optimal concentration and the average specific p gathering SMF through one hole, equal to 145 ± 15 LMW ³ / s, or can be equipped with dispersants batch with plates made of ozone resistant elastomeric synthetic ethylene-propylene rubber stamps EPDM molded-applied to the outer surface plate with a release Teflon coated a lot of through slots that open when the plates are tensioned from internal pressure and close when the pressure is released to ensure tightness, while the total number of dispersants slits in each line selected to provide the minimum specified dose of ozone in water at a minimum concentration of ozone in the SMF of 70% from the optimum concentration and the average value of the specific flow rate through the SMF one slot equal to 125 ± 13 LMW ³ / s; the system for discharging OVS from the gas cushion of the contact reservoir and the destruction of residual ozone is additionally equipped with a throttle with automatically adjustable flow area with the ability to maintain a predetermined level of negative pressure in the gas cushion of the contact reservoir and the residual ozone destructor installed on the emergency drain pipe connecting the gas cushion to the atmosphere; each individual dispersant line is equipped with a protection device against an abnormal increase in pressure of the OVS in the form of a water seal, the entrance to which is connected to the supply pipe of the dispersant line, and the output is connected to the contact array water reservoir at a level below the dispersion plate horizontal horizon corresponding to the permissible differential pressure OVS on the dispersant holes; contact tanks are additionally equipped with an air supply system in the line of dispersants of a given pressure and flow rate with the ability to adjust the stroke of the inlet throttles of the line inlets for OVS flow during commissioning and subsequent monitoring to reduce the throughput of the dispersant holes during operation, as well as water displacement from the dispersant cavities supply pipelines, including a source of compressed air, a supply pipeline with shut-off and control and recording equipment, communicated with distribution tanks for the OVS of the contact tanks, dispersant lines, differential pressure gauges for the OVS on the openings of the dispersants, as well as with protection hydraulic locks; 8. Installation for water treatment with ozone according to claim 7, characterized in that the air supply system is additionally equipped with a distribution manifold with three branches, the output of each of which is connected to the output of the throttle of the corresponding line of dispersants, and automatic shut-off valves with the possibility of air supply for the current alternate control of reducing the throughput of the openings of the dispersers of a separate line during the regular operation of others on the OVS, while the contact tank is equipped with I have a differential pressure gauges on dispersants, one measuring chamber which communicates with the body of water on the horizon dispersants plates, and the other with a corresponding tap of the additional collector. 9. Installation for water treatment with ozone according to claim 7, characterized in that the contact tank is additionally equipped with a system for monitoring the concentration of residual ozone in the gas cushion, including: a meter in the range of maximum permissible concentration (MPC) of residual ozone in the OVS with sampling from the bottom region КР with the possibility of issuing permission to enter the КР for maintenance and routine maintenance and a measuring instrument for the concentration of residual ozone during the functioning of the КР in the normal mode with sampling directly but above the water level with the ability to control the actual value of the degree of absorption of ozone by water and detect cases of depressurization in the dispersion system. 10. Installation for water treatment with ozone according to claim 7, characterized in that the dispersant can be either in the form of hollow panels with a perforated upper wall with a ratio of length to width from 5: 1 to 6: 1, while the panels in the contact tank are installed in rows with gaps for water passage so that the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the panels are parallel to each other, with the panels of individual lines alternating in the same sequence, and between the rows of panels there are service passages, nodes for attaching the panels to the supply nozzles They can rotate and fix the panels in a horizontal plane, while the plane of rotation of the panel dispersants of individual lines is shifted vertically by an amount greater than the thickness of the panels, or made in the form of full disks and combined into compact groups, one dispersant from each line with equal distances between them centers with the formation of free passages sufficient for installation and maintenance during operation. 11. Installation for water treatment with ozone according to claim 1, characterized in that the pipeline supplying the dispersant of a separate line to the ozone-air mixture is made in the form of a rectangular lattice mounted on supports at the bottom of the contact tank with a gap relative to the walls, while it contains: two longitudinal distribution pipelines located on the same horizon near the walls and one drain in the middle between the walls on the lower horizon, several transverse pipelines with vertical pipes and dispersant mounted on them and connected to the drain and distribution pipelines, while the drain pipeline is made downward from the transverse walls to the middle of the contact tank and at the point of greatest decrease a water seal is docked in the form of two vertical pipes with a rounded jumper at the top, the upper point of which is located above the horizon of the disperser plates of this separate line, the open end of the discharge pipeline is lowered into the water of the contact reservoir below the horizon of the disperser plates by an amount corresponding to the direct excessive pressure of the ozone-air mixture in the dispersant cavity, and vertical pipelines are connected to the middle of each longitudinal distribution pipeline, which are connected to the pipeline connected to the throttle outlet under the ceiling of the contact reservoir.