RU2012107312A - OPTICAL SYSTEM FOR OPHTHALMIC SURGICAL LASER - Google Patents

OPTICAL SYSTEM FOR OPHTHALMIC SURGICAL LASER Download PDF

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RU2012107312A
RU2012107312A RU2012107312/14A RU2012107312A RU2012107312A RU 2012107312 A RU2012107312 A RU 2012107312A RU 2012107312/14 A RU2012107312/14 A RU 2012107312/14A RU 2012107312 A RU2012107312 A RU 2012107312A RU 2012107312 A RU2012107312 A RU 2012107312A
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laser system
laser
laser beam
scanner
ranges
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RU2012107312/14A
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Russian (ru)
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Ференц РАКШИ
Джесс БАК
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Алькон Ленскс, Инк.
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Priority claimed from US12/511,958 external-priority patent/US20110028948A1/en
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Publication of RU2012107312A publication Critical patent/RU2012107312A/en

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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F9/00Methods or devices for treatment of the eyes; Devices for putting-in contact lenses; Devices to correct squinting; Apparatus to guide the blind; Protective devices for the eyes, carried on the body or in the hand
    • A61F9/007Methods or devices for eye surgery
    • A61F9/008Methods or devices for eye surgery using laser
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F9/00Methods or devices for treatment of the eyes; Devices for putting-in contact lenses; Devices to correct squinting; Apparatus to guide the blind; Protective devices for the eyes, carried on the body or in the hand
    • A61F9/007Methods or devices for eye surgery
    • A61F9/008Methods or devices for eye surgery using laser
    • A61F9/00825Methods or devices for eye surgery using laser for photodisruption
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B26/00Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
    • G02B26/08Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B26/00Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
    • G02B26/08Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light
    • G02B26/0875Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light by means of one or more refracting elements
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B26/00Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
    • G02B26/08Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light
    • G02B26/10Scanning systems
    • G02B26/101Scanning systems with both horizontal and vertical deflecting means, e.g. raster or XY scanners
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/0025Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for optical correction, e.g. distorsion, aberration
    • G02B27/0031Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for optical correction, e.g. distorsion, aberration for scanning purposes
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/0075Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 with means for altering, e.g. increasing, the depth of field or depth of focus
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02FOPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/29Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the position or the direction of light beams, i.e. deflection
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F9/00Methods or devices for treatment of the eyes; Devices for putting-in contact lenses; Devices to correct squinting; Apparatus to guide the blind; Protective devices for the eyes, carried on the body or in the hand
    • A61F9/007Methods or devices for eye surgery
    • A61F9/008Methods or devices for eye surgery using laser
    • A61F2009/00844Feedback systems
    • A61F2009/00848Feedback systems based on wavefront
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F9/00Methods or devices for treatment of the eyes; Devices for putting-in contact lenses; Devices to correct squinting; Apparatus to guide the blind; Protective devices for the eyes, carried on the body or in the hand
    • A61F9/007Methods or devices for eye surgery
    • A61F9/008Methods or devices for eye surgery using laser
    • A61F2009/00855Calibration of the laser system
    • A61F2009/00859Calibration of the laser system considering nomograms
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F9/00Methods or devices for treatment of the eyes; Devices for putting-in contact lenses; Devices to correct squinting; Apparatus to guide the blind; Protective devices for the eyes, carried on the body or in the hand
    • A61F9/007Methods or devices for eye surgery
    • A61F9/008Methods or devices for eye surgery using laser
    • A61F2009/00861Methods or devices for eye surgery using laser adapted for treatment at a particular location
    • A61F2009/0087Lens
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F9/00Methods or devices for treatment of the eyes; Devices for putting-in contact lenses; Devices to correct squinting; Apparatus to guide the blind; Protective devices for the eyes, carried on the body or in the hand
    • A61F9/007Methods or devices for eye surgery
    • A61F9/008Methods or devices for eye surgery using laser
    • A61F2009/00861Methods or devices for eye surgery using laser adapted for treatment at a particular location
    • A61F2009/00872Cornea
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F9/00Methods or devices for treatment of the eyes; Devices for putting-in contact lenses; Devices to correct squinting; Apparatus to guide the blind; Protective devices for the eyes, carried on the body or in the hand
    • A61F9/007Methods or devices for eye surgery
    • A61F9/008Methods or devices for eye surgery using laser
    • A61F2009/00897Scanning mechanisms or algorithms

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Ophthalmology & Optometry (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • Laser Surgery Devices (AREA)
  • Mechanical Optical Scanning Systems (AREA)

Abstract

1. Лазерная система для офтальмологической хирургии, содержащая: источник лазерного излучения для получения импульсного лазерного луча; XY-сканер для сканирования импульсным лазерным лучом по направлениям XY, поперечным оси Z; Z-сканер для сканирования сканированным по направлениям XY лазерным лучом по оптической оси Z; и объектив для фокусировки сканирующего по направлениям XYZ лазерного луча в целевую область, где сфокусированный сканированный лазерный луч имеет числовую апертуруи число Штреляв радиальных координатах (z, r), в миллиметрах, под любым угломазимута в целевой области; вблизи к (z, r) = (0,3; 0,0),составляет от 0,25 до 0,40 исоставляет от 0,8 до 1,0; иивходят в пределы, по меньшей мере, одной из следующих соответствующих целевых областей: вблизи (z, r) = (0,3; 6,2),составляет от 0,25 до 0,40 исоставляет от 0,8 до 1,0; вблизи (z, r) = (8,0; 0,0),составляет от 0,15 до 0,35 исоставляет от 0,8 до 1,0; и вблизи (z, r) = (7,4; 4,0),составляет от 0,15 до 0,35 исоставляет от 0,8 до 1,0.2. Лазерная система по п.1, где:ивходят в пределы двух из трех соответствующих целевых областей.3. Лазерная система по п.1, где:ивходят в пределы всех трех соответствующих целевых областей.4. Лазерная система по п.1, где: близость радиальных координат (z, r) включает точки, чьи радиальные координаты не отклоняются более чем на процентную долю, от радиальных координат (z, r), гдесоставляет одну из величин 10%, 20% и 30%.5. Лазерная система по п.1, где: близость (z, r) = (0,3; 0,0),составляет от 0,30 до 0,35 исоставляет от 0,8 до 1,0; иивходят в пределы, по меньшей мере, одной из следующих соответствующих целевых областей вблизи (z, r) = (0,3; 6,2),составляет от 0,30 до 0,35 исоставляет от 0,8 до 1,0; вблизи (z, r) = (8,0; 0,0),составляет от 0,20 до 0,25 исоставляет1. A laser system for ophthalmic surgery, comprising: a laser source for receiving a pulsed laser beam; XY-scanner for scanning with a pulsed laser beam in the XY directions, transverse to the Z axis; Z-scanner for scanning a laser beam scanned in the XY directions along the optical Z axis; and a lens for focusing the XYZ scanning laser beam into a target area, where the focused scanned laser beam has a numerical aperture and a Strehl number in radial coordinates (z, r), in millimeters, at any azimuth angle in the target area; near k (z, r) = (0.3; 0.0), ranges from 0.25 to 0.40 and ranges from 0.8 to 1.0; and are within at least one of the following respective target regions: near (z, r) = (0.3; 6.2), ranges from 0.25 to 0.40 and ranges from 0.8 to 1.0 ; near (z, r) = (8.0; 0.0), ranges from 0.15 to 0.35 and ranges from 0.8 to 1.0; and near (z, r) = (7.4; 4.0), ranges from 0.15 to 0.35 and ranges from 0.8 to 1.0. 2. The laser system of claim 1, wherein: and fall within two of the three respective target areas. The laser system of claim 1, wherein: and are within all three respective target areas. The laser system according to claim 1, where: the proximity of the radial coordinates (z, r) includes points, whose radial coordinates do not deviate by more than a percentage, from the radial coordinates (z, r), where is one of the values 10%, 20% and 30%. 5. The laser system according to claim 1, where: the proximity (z, r) = (0.3; 0.0), ranges from 0.30 to 0.35 and ranges from 0.8 to 1.0; and are within the limits of at least one of the following respective target regions near (z, r) = (0.3; 6.2), ranges from 0.30 to 0.35 and ranges from 0.8 to 1.0; near (z, r) = (8.0; 0.0), is from 0.20 to 0.25 and is

Claims (19)

1. Лазерная система для офтальмологической хирургии, содержащая: источник лазерного излучения для получения импульсного лазерного луча; XY-сканер для сканирования импульсным лазерным лучом по направлениям XY, поперечным оси Z; Z-сканер для сканирования сканированным по направлениям XY лазерным лучом по оптической оси Z; и объектив для фокусировки сканирующего по направлениям XYZ лазерного луча в целевую область, где сфокусированный сканированный лазерный луч имеет числовую апертуру NA и число Штреля S в радиальных координатах (z, r), в миллиметрах, под любым углом ø азимута в целевой области; вблизи к (z, r) = (0,3; 0,0), NA составляет от 0,25 до 0,40 и S составляет от 0,8 до 1,0; и NA и S входят в пределы, по меньшей мере, одной из следующих соответствующих целевых областей: вблизи (z, r) = (0,3; 6,2), NA составляет от 0,25 до 0,40 и S составляет от 0,8 до 1,0; вблизи (z, r) = (8,0; 0,0), NA составляет от 0,15 до 0,35 и S составляет от 0,8 до 1,0; и вблизи (z, r) = (7,4; 4,0), NA составляет от 0,15 до 0,35 и S составляет от 0,8 до 1,0.1. A laser system for ophthalmic surgery, comprising: a laser source for producing a pulsed laser beam; XY scanner for scanning with a pulsed laser beam in XY directions transverse to the Z axis; Z-scanner for scanning with a XY-direction laser beam scanned along the optical axis Z; and a lens for focusing the XYZ scanning laser beam to the target region where the focused scanned laser beam has a numerical aperture NA and Strehl number S in radial coordinates (z, r), in millimeters, at any azimuth angle ø in the target region; close to (z, r) = (0.3; 0.0), NA is from 0.25 to 0.40 and S is from 0.8 to 1.0; and NA and S fall within at least one of the following corresponding target areas: near (z, r) = (0.3; 6.2), NA is from 0.25 to 0.40, and S is from 0.8 to 1.0; near (z, r) = (8.0; 0.0), NA is from 0.15 to 0.35 and S is from 0.8 to 1.0; and near (z, r) = (7.4; 4.0), NA is from 0.15 to 0.35 and S is from 0.8 to 1.0. 2. Лазерная система по п.1, где: NA и S входят в пределы двух из трех соответствующих целевых областей.2. The laser system according to claim 1, where: NA and S fall within two of the three corresponding target areas. 3. Лазерная система по п.1, где: NA и S входят в пределы всех трех соответствующих целевых областей.3. The laser system according to claim 1, where: NA and S fall within all three of the respective target areas. 4. Лазерная система по п.1, где: близость радиальных координат (z, r) включает точки, чьи радиальные координаты не отклоняются более чем на процентную долю P(radial), от радиальных координат (z, r), где P(radial) составляет одну из величин 10%, 20% и 30%.4. The laser system according to claim 1, where: the proximity of the radial coordinates (z, r) includes points whose radial coordinates do not deviate more than a percentage of P (radial) from the radial coordinates (z, r), where P (radial ) is one of the values of 10%, 20% and 30%. 5. Лазерная система по п.1, где: близость (z, r) = (0,3; 0,0), NA составляет от 0,30 до 0,35 и S составляет от 0,8 до 1,0; и NA и S входят в пределы, по меньшей мере, одной из следующих соответствующих целевых областей вблизи (z, r) = (0,3; 6,2), NA составляет от 0,30 до 0,35 и S составляет от 0,8 до 1,0; вблизи (z, r) = (8,0; 0,0), NA составляет от 0,20 до 0,25 и S составляет от 0,8 до 1,0, и вблизи (z, r) = (7,4; 4,0), NA составляет от 0,20 до 0,25 и S составляет от 0,8 до 1,0.5. The laser system according to claim 1, where: the proximity (z, r) = (0.3; 0.0), NA is from 0.30 to 0.35 and S is from 0.8 to 1.0; and NA and S fall within the limits of at least one of the following corresponding target areas near (z, r) = (0.3; 6.2), NA is from 0.30 to 0.35, and S is from 0 8 to 1.0; near (z, r) = (8.0; 0.0), NA is from 0.20 to 0.25 and S is from 0.8 to 1.0, and near (z, r) = (7, 4; 4.0), NA is from 0.20 to 0.25, and S is from 0.8 to 1.0. 6. Лазерная система по п.5, где: NA и S входят в пределы двух из трех соответствующих целевых областей.6. The laser system according to claim 5, where: NA and S fall within two of the three corresponding target areas. 7. Лазерная система по п.5, где: NA и S входят в пределы всех трех соответствующих целевых областей.7. The laser system according to claim 5, where: NA and S fall within all three of the respective target areas. 8. Лазерная система по п.5, где: близость радиальных координат (z, r) включает точки, чьи радиальные координаты не отклоняются более чем на процентную долю P(radial), от радиальных координат (z, r), где P(radial) составляет одну из величин 10%, 20% и 30%.8. The laser system according to claim 5, where: the proximity of the radial coordinates (z, r) includes points whose radial coordinates do not deviate by more than a percentage of P (radial) from the radial coordinates (z, r), where P (radial ) is one of the values of 10%, 20% and 30%. 9. Лазерная система по п.1, где: величины NA и S относятся к лазерной системе, являющейся оптически связанной через интерфейс пациента с одним из9. The laser system according to claim 1, where: the values of NA and S refer to a laser system that is optically coupled through a patient’s interface to one of глаза человека; иhuman eyes; and моделью глаза.eye model. 10. Лазерная система по п.9, где: модель глаза включает первую поверхность, вторую поверхность и третью поверхность; задающие роговичную область, с толщиной примерно 0,6 мм и показатель преломления примерно 1,38; область передней камеры с толщиной в диапазоне от 2 мм до 4 мм и показатель преломления примерно 1,34; и область хрусталика с толщиной в диапазоне от 3 мм до 5 мм и показатель преломления примерно 1,42; и все три поверхности, имеющие кривизну в диапазоне от -100 м-1 до -80 м-1.10. The laser system according to claim 9, where: the eye model includes a first surface, a second surface and a third surface; defining the corneal region, with a thickness of about 0.6 mm and a refractive index of about 1.38; an anterior chamber region with a thickness ranging from 2 mm to 4 mm and a refractive index of about 1.34; and an area of the lens with a thickness in the range of 3 mm to 5 mm and a refractive index of about 1.42; and all three surfaces having a curvature in the range of −100 m −1 to −80 m −1 . 11. Лазерная система по п.1, кроме того, включающая прекомпенсатор, расположенный между источником лазерного излучения и XY-сканером.11. The laser system according to claim 1, further comprising a precompensator located between the laser source and the XY scanner. 12. Лазерная система по п.11, где прекомпенсатор имеет подвижную линзу для сканирования лазерным лучом по направлению Z.12. The laser system according to claim 11, where the precompensator has a movable lens for scanning with a laser beam in the Z direction. 13. Лазерная система по п.1, где Z-сканер сконфигурирован: для регулирования фокальной глубины Z и числовой апертуры NA по существу независимо.13. The laser system according to claim 1, where the Z-scanner is configured: to adjust the focal depth Z and the numerical aperture NA is essentially independent. 14. Лазерная система по п.1, где: Z сканер включает:14. The laser system according to claim 1, where: Z scanner includes: первую группу линз; иthe first group of lenses; and подвижный лучевой сканер.movable beam scanner. 15. Лазерная система по п.1, где Z-сканер расположен перед объективом и отдельно от него.15. The laser system according to claim 1, where the Z-scanner is located in front of the lens and separately from it. 16. Лазерная система для офтальмологической хирургии, включающая: источник лазерного излучения для получения импульсного лазерного луча; XY-сканер для сканирования импульсным лазерным лучом по направлениям XY, поперечным оси Z; Z-сканер для сканирования сканированным по направлениям XY лазерным лучом по оптической оси Z; и объектив для фокусировки сканированного по направлениям XYZ лазерного луча в целевую область; где сфокусированный сканированный лазерный луч имеет фокальное пятно с радиусом фокального пятна; причем радиус фокального пятна составляет менее чем r f (max) в целевой области; и целевая область простирается примерно на 8 мм по оси Z и примерно на 10 мм в направлениях XY.16. A laser system for ophthalmic surgery, including: a laser source for producing a pulsed laser beam; XY scanner for scanning with a pulsed laser beam in XY directions transverse to the Z axis; Z-scanner for scanning with a XY-direction laser beam scanned along the optical axis Z; and a lens for focusing the XYZ-scanned laser beam to the target area; where the focused scanned laser beam has a focal spot with a focal spot radius; moreover, the radius of the focal spot is less than r f (max) in the target area; and the target area extends about 8 mm along the Z axis and about 10 mm in the XY directions. 17. Лазерная система по п. 16, где r f (max) составляет 2 мкм.17. The laser system according to claim 16, where r f (max) is 2 μm. 18. Лазерная система по п. 16, где r f (max) составляет 4 мкм.18. The laser system according to claim 16, where r f (max) is 4 μm. 19. Лазерная система по п. 16, где r f (max) относится к лазерной системе, связанной с одним из19. The laser system according to claim 16, where r f (max) refers to a laser system associated with one of глаза человека; иhuman eyes; and моделью глаза человека. human eye model.
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