RU2008754C1 - Spark-plug - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: internal combustion engines. SUBSTANCE: spark-plug has body, insulator with central electrode, frame and auxiliary electrodes linked through resistor. Spark-plug is provided with ionization chamber fixed on body and communicating with ambient atmosphere and supplementary frame electrode. If pulse of high voltage is fed to main and supplementary electrodes weak spark break-down will occur between auxiliary and one of frame electrodes which does not cause ignition of combustible mixture. This condition provides for necessary nominal of resistance in their circuit. Weak spark ensures ionization of combustible mixture in volume of ionization chamber. In this case distance between ring-shaped working parts of main and frame electrodes should be such that no spark puncture emerge between them. Ionized gas of combustible mixture being in high-voltage gap between them will form ionic discharge of cylindrical shape which propagates into combustion chamber through cuts in wall of ionization chamber. EFFECT: improved operational characteristics. 5 cl, 3 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to electrical engineering, and more particularly to electric ignition systems for internal combustion engines, and is intended for use in cars, tractors, small boats, sports aircraft.

 Known spark plug containing a metal housing with a threaded skirt, an insulator, a central electrode, auxiliary electrodes and a mass electrode, and the auxiliary electrodes are electrically connected to the Central electrode through constant resistance and the main spark gap is inside the U-shaped mass electrode between the inner sides of this mass electrode and a central electrode.

 Since the u-shaped cavity of the mass electrode is not an ionization chamber, since auxiliary spark breakdowns occur on its outer sides, the ignition of the combustible mixture is organized due to the energy of several weak current discharge spark breakdowns between the auxiliary and mass electrodes (because discharge current is limited by resistances) and by a more powerful spark in the main spark gap between the central electrode and the inner side of the cathode. Such a candle design for organizing a multi-spark discharge is quite typical and its disadvantages are also typical. First, numerous experiments show that when a high potential pulse is applied to the working sections of the anode, spark breakdown occurs on one, currently random, section of electrodes (Slivkov I.N. et al. Electrical breakdown and discharge in vacuum. M. : Atomizdat, 1986, p. 134). If the breakdown current is limited by additional resistance, then the breakdown current will be weaker, which will only complicate the ignition of the working mixture. Secondly, the power of spark breakdown (even if the ignition coil gives up all the accumulated energy) is not enough for reliable (complete) combustion of the combustible mixture in all engine modes. The whole practice of using spark plugs with spark breakdown confirms this.

 The aim of the invention is to provide significant fuel savings in internal combustion engines.

 This goal is achieved in that the spark plug containing a housing with a threaded skirt, an insulator with a central electrode, a mass electrode and an auxiliary electrode electrically connected through resistance to the central electrode, and between the working parts of the central and mass electrodes, as well as the auxiliary and mass electrodes are discharge gaps, further comprises an ionization chamber mounted on the threaded skirt of the candle, communicating with the surrounding space through windows in its wall and an additional mass electrode, the working part of which is placed in the gap between the mass and auxiliary electrodes, the resistance is placed in the threaded channel of the insulator, the working parts of the central and mass electrodes are made in the form of rings, and the working parts of all the electrodes are placed in the chamber.

 When a high potential pulse is applied to the protruding threaded part of the anode, a low-power spark breakdown is formed between the auxiliary electrode and the auxiliary cathode, which ionizes the combustible mixture in a small volume of the ionization chamber, but does not cause ignition of the combustible mixture. The ions of the combustible mixture, located between the central and mass electrodes, are accelerated in a high-voltage electric field and form a powerful cylindrical ion discharge. The power of the ion discharge in this case does not depend on the power of the high voltage source, but only on the degree of ionization of the combustible mixture, the volume of the ionization chamber, and the electric field between the electrodes. The distance between the electrodes should be such that there is no electrical breakdown between them. The increased energy of the ion discharge in comparison with the energy of electrical breakdown will provide a more complete combustion of the combustible mixture and, consequently, fuel economy.

In FIG. 1 shows a general view of a candle with two cutouts; in FIG. 2 - frontal projection of a metal cap with a cutout in diameter; in FIG. 3 is a section AA in FIG. 1
The candle consists of a body with a metal threaded skirt 2, an insulator 1 and includes a central electrode consisting of a metal rod 3 and a metal ring 3 ^I fixedly connected to it, an auxiliary electrode 4, mass electrodes 5 and 6, a metal cap 7, resistance 8, metal a threaded rod 9, a metal bar 10 with two threaded holes connecting it to the central electrode with a metal threaded rod.

 The metal cap has rectangular cutouts (windows) in its wall, which are formed by vertical struts and are used for direct contact of the ion discharge with the combustion chamber. (56) Application of Germany N 2607278, cl. H 01 T 13/46, published. 1976.

Claims (5)

 1. An spark plug for an internal combustion engine, comprising a housing with a threaded skirt, an insulator with a central electrode, a mass electrode and an auxiliary electrode electrically connected through resistance to the central electrode, and there are between the working parts of the central and mass electrodes, as well as the auxiliary and mass electrodes spark gaps, characterized in that in order to reduce fuel consumption by obtaining an ion discharge using a low-power spark discharge, it is equipped with ionization translational cam fixed to the housing and communicating with the surroundings, and an additional mass electrode, working part of which is placed in the spark gap between the mass and the auxiliary electrodes, and the working portions of the electrodes placed in the chamber.  2. The candle according to claim 1, characterized in that a threaded channel is made in the insulator, and the resistance is located in the latter.  3. The candle in paragraphs. 1 and 2, characterized in that the working parts of the central and mass electrodes are made in the form of rings, the inner surfaces of which are conical, and the bases of the conical surfaces are directed towards each other.  4. The candle in paragraphs. 1 and 3, characterized in that the mass electrode is fixed in the chamber.  5. The candle in paragraphs. 1 to 4, characterized in that the ionization chamber is made in the form of a metal cap with windows.

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