RU2003661C1 - Fat production line - Google Patents

Abstract

Use, refining fat from soft raw fat from farm animals and mink carcasses for the manufacture of cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. The inventive line for the production of fat from soft fat contains a main centrifugal machine for grinding and refining fat, a screw centrifuge, first and second fat separators, a cabinet and a control panel The lines are equipped with an additional centrifugal machine for coarse primary grinding of raw fat connected with a screw cooking apparatus for heat treatment and disinfection of fat mass. An additional centrifugal machine is connected by a pipeline to the inlet pipe of the screw. the cooking apparatus, and its outlet pipe is connected to the main centrifugal machine. From the latter, the slurry is fed into the first collector and, by means of the first rotary pump, to the first continuous heat exchanger, such as a pipe in a pipe for suspension and hot water, with a first measuring device. From the first separator, the suspension is fed into the second collector and then through the second rotary pump to the second heat exchanger with the second measuring device, from which it is fed to the second separator 19. From the latter, the finished product enters the container mounted on the platform scale. The instrument circuit is built in control cabinet and has pressure gauges Thermocylinders of pressure gauges are mounted at the outlet of heat exchangers in measuring devices. Each measuring device is made in the form of a horizontal cylindrical cup with inlet and outlet nozzles, with a removable cover and a gland seal of the capillary of the manometer thermometer. The thermometer bulb is installed horizontally in the center of the cylindrical cup of the measuring device. The inlet nozzle of the cylindrical cup is installed above the center of the thermowell. The working body of each rotary pump is formed by two trident rotors 12 sludge 6 tablets Ki ve r C

Description

The invention relates to fat production and is intended for the flushing of caviar from soft raw fat from agricultural animals, as well as from raw fat from mink ears and other animals. The resulting 5 ghee in the fat shops of meat processing plants is used for food purposes, and the ghee obtained in fur farms is used in the manufacture of cosmetic and pharmaceutical preparations.

One of the first lines of fat drainage is the processing line of fat-containing food raw materials (V.V. Anufriev, K.M. Vechkanov, K.M. Zemlnninov), including a centrifugal machine (chopper-melter), precipitation centrifuge , two preheater pumps (in other words, two centrifugal machines for grinding and transferring fat mass), two fat separators and a freezer (cooler) of fat 1.

The closest technical solution to the invention, selected as a prototype, is a flow-mechanized line for extracting edible fats 25 from soft raw fat 2. The line includes the following equipment: Centrifugal machine for grinding and grinding fat, four centrifugal machines for grinding filtering and moving the fat mass 30, a screw centrifuge, three fat separators, four tanks (level indicators), a sump and a grease cooler, a control cabinet and an instrument panel.

At the beginning of the operation of the line, the raw fat is loaded manually into the hopper of a centrifugal machine, where it is ground, the fat is partially melted and sent to a screw centrifuge, in which the solid fraction (pulp) is separated from the liquid (fat-40 aqueous suspension) ) Next, the suspension on n is equal to the first separator, and then to the second and third for final cleaning.

The disadvantages of the line include the following: 45

there is no provision for the temperature regime of the melting by the main apparatus - a centrifugal machine, in which the processes of grinding and melting of fat are combined;

the height of movement of the cuS-50 suspension is limited to 3 m when transported by a centrifugal machine for grinding, filtering and moving it;

the absence in the line of a centrifugal coarse primary grinding machine 55 of raw fat and a screw cooking apparatus reduces the quality of melted fat and does not ensure the disinfection of the fat mass;

the presence of four tanks (level indicators) does not allow creating a continuous flow and complicates maintenance at altitude;

the presence of four centrifugal machines and level indicators in the line, which simultaneously serve as slurry heaters, is ineffective in comparison with continuous tube-in-tube heat exchangers using countercurrent slurry and steam;

the absence in the line of a continuous heat exchanger such as a pipe in a pipe for heating hot water does not provide a temperature control for the hot water supplied to the separators;

the lack of weights does not allow taking into account the amount of melted fat per line;

the control cabinet and the instrument panel of the line are located separately from each other, which complicates the maintenance of the line from two places;

there are no control and alarm modes for deviations of the temperature of the suspension and hot water entering the separators, there are no signals the temperature is low and the temperature is normal for both the suspension and hot water;

The absence of monitoring and signaling deviation of steam pressure on the collector and buffer (tap) water affects the observance of the technological discipline of processes in machines and apparatuses, as well as when unloading separators, when separators cannot be unloaded in the absence of buffer water.

The aim of the invention is to increase the level of mechanization and more accurate adherence to process conditions.

This is achieved by the fact that along with the features common with the prototype (the presence of a centrifugal machine for grinding and refining fat, a screw centrifuge, grease separators, a control cabinet and a dashboard), the line is equipped with an additional centrifugal machine for coarse primary grinding of raw fat, a screw cooking apparatus for heat treatment and disinfection of the fat mass through heat conduction through the wall of the shirt and the steam contact way with the supply of steam to the shirt, hollow screw and product, two slurry collectors, two rotary pumps with working bodies, continuous heat exchangers such as a pipe in a pipe for suspension and hot water with measuring devices, technological platform scales for weighing containers, preferably a barrel with grease, while the instrument panel is built-in to the control cabinet and has pressure gauges, thermoballows which are mounted at the outlet of heat exchangers in measuring devices, each measuring device is made in the form of a horizontal cylindrical glass with inlet and outlet nozzles, with a removable cap and stuffing box seal for the capillary of the pressure gauge, with its thermowell mounted horizontally in the center of the cylindrical cup of the measuring device, and its inlet nozzle mounted above the center of the thermowell, the working body of the rotary pump is formed by two three-toothed rotors, the nozzle the exit of the fat mass from the additional centrifugal machine is connected by a pipeline to the inlet pipe of the screw cooking apparatus, the output pipe of which is connected with the main centrifugal machine for grinding and evacuating grease, the inlet of each rotary pump is connected by a pipeline to the suspension collector, and the outlet is connected to the suspension heat exchanger, the outlet of the measuring device of the hot water heat exchanger is connected by pipelines to separators and suspension collectors, and the outlet pipes of the measuring devices of the heat exchangers for the suspension are connected by pipelines to separators.

Nafig, 1 shows a combined functional diagram of the line; Figures 2 and 3 are a perspective view of an additional centrifugal machine for coarse primary grinding of raw fat; figure 4, 5 and 6 is a General view of a screw cooking apparatus; Fig. 7 is a kinematic schematic diagram of a screw cooking apparatus; on Fig and 9 is a General view of the collection of suspensions with a rotary pump; figure 10 - the working body of the rotary pump; in FIG. 11 is a view of a pipe-in-pipe type heat exchanger; in FIG. 12 is a general view of a measuring device.

In Fig. 1, as an example of a specific application, a combined functional diagram of a line is shown for flushing raw fat from raw mink carcasses. The fat obtained on this line is used for cosmetic and pharmaceutical purposes and does not require settling and cooling. If the line is intended for the extraction of fat from soft raw fat of agricultural animals for food purposes, it is equipped with a sedimentation tank and a fat cooler.

The line (Fig. 1) consists of a table 1 with a tray 2 for disassembling soft raw hsir, an additional centrifugal machine 3 for coarse primary grinding of raw fat, a screw cooking apparatus 4, a main centrifugal machine 5 for grinding and refining fat, a screw centrifuge 6, a bucket floor trolley 7 for pulley (solid fraction), the first 8 and second 9 collectors of liquid fat fraction (hereinafter referred to as suspension), the first 10 and second 11 rotary pumps, the first 12 and second 13 continuous heat exchangers of the tube-in-suspension type, ana logical heat exchanger 14 for hot water, three measuring devices 15-17, the first 18 and second 19 grease separators, a table 20 for disassembling the separators, an electric hoist 21 mounted on a suspension rail 22, technological platform scales 23, a barrel 24 with grease and a cabinet 25 controls with integrated instrument panel 26.

Electrical gauge thermometers 27-29 are installed on the instrument panel, which monitor and signal the temperature of the suspension after heat exchangers 12 and 13 and the temperature of hot water after heat exchanger 14. The gauge thermometers 27-29 are connected by capillaries to the thermocylinders installed in measuring devices 15-17, respectively.

The pressure of the steam and the buffer (tap) water is monitored and signaled by electrical contact pressure gauges 30 and 31.

Lamps are installed on the instrument panel 26, signaling the deviation of temperature and pressure at the control points indicated above (normal and small),

Line equipment is controlled from the cabinet by 25 buttons. The lamps are signaled to turn on the equipment.

The line consists of a piping system, which in Fig. 1 has the following conventions shown in Table 1.

The nozzles for the exit of fat mass from the centrifugal machine 3 are connected by a pipeline to the screw cooking apparatus 4, and the nozzle for the exit of the fat mass from the latter is connected to the main centrifugal machine 5. The inlet of each rotary pump 10 and 11 is connected by a pipeline to the corresponding collector 8 and 9 of the suspension. The outputs of the rotary pumps, 10 and 11 are connected by pipelines to heat exchangers 12 and 13. The pipes of the outlet of the suspension from the measuring devices 15 and 16 are connected by pipelines to the separators 18 and

19. The outlet pipe for hot water from the measuring device 17 is connected by pipelines to separators 18 and 19 and slurry collectors 8 and 9.

Figures 2 and 3 show an additional centrifugal machine 3 for coarse primary grinding of soft raw fat. The machine consists of 1: tannins 32 of welded construction, body 33, loading hopper 34, cylindrical rotor 35, movable and fixed knives 36 and 37, control device 38 of knives, nozzles 39 and 40 for supplying steam and leaving the fat mass.

A rotor 35 with a movable knife 36 is enclosed in a machine body 33 and is mounted on a shaft of an electric motor 41 located in a horizontal position. ;

The screw cooking apparatus shown in Figs. 4-6 consists of a housing 42, a loading hopper 43, a discharge nozzle 44, and removable covers 45. The apparatus is a welded structure, the bottom of which is cut in the form of a semicircle. A hollow shaft46 with a screw rotates inside the apparatus in sliding bearings (the direction of rotation is counterclockwise from the loading side of the product). Jacketed housing 42 and hollow shaft 46 are heated by steam. In addition, steam enters the product. Pipes 47-49 respectively serve to supply steam to the jacket, hollow shaft and product. Branch pipe 50 is designed to drain condensate, and branch pipe 51 is for suction of juice vapor into the technological ventilation system. The device drive has a guard 52.

The kinematic circuit diagram of the screw cooking apparatus is shown in Fig. 7. The drive of the hollow shaft 46 with the screw is carried out from the gear motor 53 and a chain transmission, consisting of small and large sprockets 54 and 55 and a chain 56,

The geared motor 53 is a structurally integrated electric motor 57 and a two-stage planetary gear reducer 58. The first gear stage 58 consists of a first central movable gear wheel 59, first gears 60, a first stationary gear wheel 61 and a first carrier 62, respectively, a second gear stage 58 consists of a second central movable gear wheel 63, second satellites 64, a second stationary gear wheel 65 and a second carrier 66. The number of satellites 60 and 64 in each gear stage RA 58 is three (in FIG. 7 one satellite is shown in each gear stage). Satellites in

each stage are located relative to each other at an angle of 120 °.

The rotation from the electric motor 57 to the gearbox 58 is transmitted to the first central movable wheel 59 mounted on the output shaft of the electric motor. The output shaft of the gearbox 58 is made integral with the second carrier 66.

The suspension collector and rotary pump shown in fi / .8 and 9 consist of a cylindrical tank 67 with a bottom on the legs 68, a mesh cover 69, handles 70. pipes 71 and valve 72 for hot water (hot water is supplied to the collector if suspension freezes). A rotary pump 73 with an electric motor 74 is mounted on the frame 75 and closed by a casing 76.

The working element of the rotary pump (Fig. 10) consists of a housing 77 and two three-toothed rotors 78 and 79, the rotors being seated by means of a splined connection on the shafts 80 and 81. The inlet of the suspension is through the pipe 82, and the output through the pipe 83.

A continuous tube-in-pipe heat exchanger (Fig. 31) is a curved pipe 84 enclosed in straight pipes 85-87. The pipe 84 ends with flanges 88 and 89 with nozzles serving to enter and exit the product. Pipes 85-87 end with flanges 90 at the bend in sections of pipe 84. A pipe 91 with a flange for supplying steam is welded to pipe 85 and a pipe 92 6e on pipe 87

condensate outlet flange. Pipes 85 and 86, as well as pipes 86 and 87 are connected, respectively, by nozzles 93 and 94 for the passage of steam. Ribs 95 and 96, welded respectively to pipes 85 and 86, as well as to pipes

86 and 87 provide structural rigidity.

A valve with a pipe installed at the product inlet to the heat exchanger (valve in Fig. 11 is not shown) serves to drain the product when its supply to the heat exchanger is turned off after the end of work.

The measuring device shown in Fig. 12 is intended for mounting a thermowell with a capillary of a manometer thermometer (the indicating device is mounted on the instrument's wrench). The measuring device consists of a horizontal cylindrical cup 97 with an external thread and a bottom 98, removable

internally threaded covers 99, gaskets 100, bushings 101, fitting 102, stuffing box 103, nozzles 104 and 105 with flanges for product inlet and outlet. A nozzle 104 is welded above the center of the bulb so that the bulb is washed by the liquid product.

The sleeve 101 is welded to the cover 99 and is made with an internal thread into which the fitting 102 is screwed. Both the sleeve 101 and the fitting 102 have holes for mounting a thermal bulb. The packing 103 is made with one cut along the radius. The removable cap 99 is screwed onto the cup 97 and thus the capillary bulb can be removed from the cylindrical cup.

The line is launched in the following order:

separators 18 and 19 and a centrifuge 6 are included;

when the separators and the centrifuge reach the operating speed, the centrifugal machines 3 and 5, the screw cooking apparatus 4 and the rotary pumps 10 and 11 are turned on;

steam is supplied to centrifugal machines 3 and 5. screw cooking apparatus 4 and heat exchangers 12-14, the steam being manually opened by valves;

the whole line is heated with hot water for 5-10 minutes and when the temperature of hot water at the outlet of 95 ° C and the required steam pressure in the feed collector of 0.2-0.4 MPa are reached, the raw fat is started to be loaded.

The raw fat of the mink carcasses selected for grinding is disassembled in a tray on the table and fed to a centrifugal machine 3 (manual loading), where the crude fat is coarsely primary ground and heated with steam. Under the action of centrifugal force, the raw fat is pressed into the holes of the rotor, trimmed with fixed knives and partially welded. After grinding, the boiled mass is piped to a screw cooker for heat treatment and disinfection. Heat treatment is carried out by means of heat conduction through the wall of the shirt and by the vapor contact way. The duration of the heat treatment is 15 minutes at a speed of 3 rpm. Juice vapor from the screw cooking apparatus is vented by a ventilation system.

Then, the spent fat mass / enters the centrifugal machine 5, in which the fat mass is finely ground, and it is sent to the centrifuge 6 to separate the pulp (solid phase) and suspension (liquid phase). The squash is continuously discharged into the trolley mounted by the PBB centrifuge, and the suspension enters the first collector 8, where it accumulates until the subsequent heat treatment.

Then, the suspension is sent via the first rotary pump 10 to a continuous heat exchanger 12 of the pipe-in-pipe type for heating to a temperature of 94-100 ° C and subsequent processing on the first coarse separator 18.

A hot ood is supplied to the separator 18 together with the suspension, which is preheated in a pipe-type heat exchanger 14 in a pipe to a temperature of 92-98 ° C. In the separator, under the action of centrifugal force, fat, as a lighter fraction, is directed along the surface of the conical plates to the axis of rotation of the separator drum. Under the action of new portions, the fat rises along the channel and is discharged to the upper one to г ме РУ РУ.

The water that separates the fat from the separator enters the middle chamber, and from there into the sewer. The fat-containing sediment with a high specific gravity under the action of centrifugal force is discarded to the periphery of the separator drum and accumulates in a special sump. To discharge sludge, a buffer ood is fed into the separator at a pressure of 0.15-0.25 MPa.

The cleaned fat after the first separator is collected in the second collector 9, from where it is sent to the second separator 19 for fine cleaning by the second rotary pump 11, after which the second heat exchanger 13 of the pipe-in-pipe type has passed. The temperature of the fat at the outlet of this heat exchanger is between 94-100 ° C.

After processing on the second separator 19, the refined fat is collected in wooden barrels 24. Each barrel is weighed on a platform scale 23.

The limits for measuring the temperature of the suspension at the outlet of the heat exchangers 12 and 13 using electrocontact manometric thermometers 27 and 28 are shown in Table 2.

The lamp indicating the normal temperature of the suspension (temperature is normal) lights up in the range of 94-100 ° C, and the lamp indicating the temperature deviation (temperature is small) lights up in the range below 94 ° C.

The limits for measuring the temperature of hot water at the outlet of the heat exchanger 14 using an electrocontact gauge thermometer 29 are shown in Table 3.

The commentary on Table 3 is similar to Table 2, i.e. the temperature signal normally operates in the range of 92-98 ° C, and the temperature signal is small - in the range below 92 ° C.

The limits for measuring the vapor pressure at the manifold using an electrical contact pressure gauge 30 are shown in Table 4.

The lamp indicating normal steam pressure (pressure is normal) lights up in the range 0.2-0.4 MPa, and the lamp indicating pressure deviation (pressure is low) lights up in the range below 0.2 MPa.

The limits for measuring the pressure of buffer (tap water) using an electrocontact pressure gauge 31 are given in Table 5.

The commentary on Table 5 is similar to Table 4, i.e. the pressure signal normally operates in the range 0.15-0.25 MPa, and the pressure signal is small - in the range below 0.15 MPa.

Thus, the technical results of the line are expressed in an increase in the level of mechanization 20 and more exact observance of technological regimes.

The level of mechanization is characterized by the coefficient of mechanization, which is determined by the formula25, See

Sosch

where Cm is the number of mechanized operations in the line;

Total is the total number of operations in line 30, including those performed manually.

Table 6 shows comparative data characterizing the level of mechanization of the prototype and the line of the tracing fat.

More exact observance of technological regimes is as follows. In the fat production line, one of the main tasks that ensures the necessary sanitary level is solved: disinfection of the fat mass in the screw cooker 40 (destruction of microorganisms) and preparation of the fat mass for separation, including coarse primary grinding of soft raw fat. Preheating the suspension is carried out in continuous heat exchangers.

Km "

act like a pipe in a pipe to a temperature of 94-100 ° C, and heating hot water to a temperature of 92-98 ° C in a similar heat exchanger like a pipe in a pipe. Control and signaling of vapor pressure in the range of 0.2-0.4 MPa and pressure of buffer (tap) water in the range of 0.15-0.25 MPa are provided. Weighing the barrels of fat on a platform scale allows the amount of fat to be taken into account.

In the fat production line, more complete automation may be used with the inclusion of temperature and pressure direct pressure controllers and microprocessor control.

The advantages of the fat production line include the fact that the fat is heated in continuous operation apparatuses using the wet method of refining fat. The line processes all types of raw fat from farm animals (using a settling tank and a fat cooler) and mink carcasses in fresh and chilled conditions to produce only the highest grade of fat. In the process of refining, fat and squash are formed, and, lastly, they are used in feed and technical product workshops.

One of the main tasks ensuring the sanitary level is solved in the line: disinfecting the fat mass in the screw cooking apparatus and preparing the raw fat for separation, including its coarse primary grinding, which is especially important when the fat is drained from the raw fat of mink carcasses.

Lines increase fat yield by 0.3%.

(56) Peleev A.I. Technological equipment of meat industry enterprises. Ed. 2.-M .: Pishchepromizdat, 1963, S.645-646.

Snitsar A.I., Morozov V.M., Minaev A.I. Handbook of the master of the fat workshop. - M .: Agropromizdat, 1988, p. 44-49.

Pipeline symbol

sixteen

1g

-1 to

2

Table

Appointment

Soft raw fat, fat mass, suspension, fat

Buffer water (tap water) Hot water

Condensate Steam

table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Table b

Claims (1)

The claims FAT PRODUCTION LINE, including a centrifugal machine for grinding and refining fat, a screw centrifuge, grease separators, a control cabinet and a dashboard, characterized in that it is equipped with an additional centrifugal machine for coarse primary grinding of raw fat, a screw cooking apparatus for heat treatment and disinfection of fat mass through heat transfer through the wall of the shirt, and via the steam contact way through a hollow auger and raw fat, two slurry collectors, two rotary pumps with working bodies, a heat exchanger continuous operation of the type "pipe in a pipe for suspension and hot water with measuring devices, technological platform scales for weighing containers, mainly barrels of grease, while the instrument panel is built-in to the control cabinet and has manometer thermometers, thermoballows of which are mounted on the output of the heat exchangers in the measuring devices, each measuring device is made in the form Table 6 0 5 0 5 0 there is a horizontal cylindrical cup with inlet and outlet nozzles, with a removable cap and a gland seal of the capillary of the manometer thermometer, with its thermowell mounted horizontally in the center of the cylindrical cup of the measuring device, and its inlet nozzle mounted above the center of the thermowell, the working body of each rotary pump is formed by two three-toothed rotors, the outlet pipe of the fat mass from the additional centrifugal machine is connected by a pipe to the inlet pipe of the screw a cooking apparatus, the outlet pipe of which is connected to the main centrifugal machine for grinding and refining fat, the inlet of each rotary pump is connected by a pipeline to the suspension collector, and the outlet is connected to the suspension heat exchanger, the outlet of the measuring device of the hot water heat exchanger is connected by pipelines to separators and collectors suspensions, and the outlet pipes of the measuring devices of the heat exchangers for the suspension are connected by pipelines to separators, l r // , - t + -4-M- + 4 -f, Lh Uj 5 g m shcheshroD0e raw materials Mt / pafojT mass NJ O ABOUT oh oh # & Gtot / wvpoxoj 9 mf ff-ff dmf & 199C002 P No. IP Shchig. 8 mg Fm9 well 19 esoeg ThermoWam l l0 27-20 S9 fffff Capill r x pos. 27-z9 Fig. K