RU2003262C1 - Method for preparing biologically active substance - Google Patents

Abstract

Usage: biotechnology obtaining biologically active substances. The inventive raw materials, which can be used microorganisms, plants, seeds, years, are frozen at a temperature of (-16) - (-40) ° C for 0.5 - 2 N then defrost, re-freeze at a temperature ( -5) - (-15) ° C for 1/5-7 hours and again defrosted, the cell juice is separated from the solid phase, water is added to the solid phase and extraction of biologically active substances is carried out, for which the mixture is heated to a temperature of 50-100 ° C; C, held for 3-120 minutes, the extract was separated, water was added to the cell wall residues, the resulting mixture was heated and maintained under the above conditions, the mixture was divided into extract and cell wall residues, the resulting cell juice and the extracts were combined, concentrated and dried. To eliminate a specific odor, the raw materials are ozonized before freezing at an ozone concentration of 8-10MG / P.

Description

The invention relates to biotechnology and relates to a method for the production of biologically active substances that can be used in various industries, in particular, food, medical, perfumery and cosmetics, and in agriculture.

A known method of producing biologically active substances (BAS), comprising heating the raw material, in particular yeast, to a temperature of 30-35 ° C, separating the solid phase of the remains of cell membranes, the latter are suspended in water, heated to a temperature of 80-100 ° C, the solid phase is removed they are consumed and used in the process of preparing products based on yeast, the liquid is concentrated and dried, thereby obtaining a water-soluble protein

1.

A disadvantage of the known method is the insufficient yield of intracellular proteins.

A known method for producing biologically active substances is that the yeast suspension is heated to a temperature of 60-100 ° C, then the suspension is divided into fractions - extract and the remains of cell membranes, suspended in an alkaline medium, pH 8.5-10, heated to a temperature 85-90 ° C, the cell residues are divided into alkaline extract, the cells are re-suspended, heated to a temperature of 85-100 ° C, the suspension is neutralized, again divided into intact cells and the acidic extract, from which water-soluble proteins are precipitated in an isoelectric point, dried {2.

A known method for the production of biologically active substances, which provides for the destruction of cells by freezing, extraction of biologically active substances with isopropyl alcohol, separation of the suspension into liquid and solid fractions, washing of the solid fraction with water, alkaline extraction with heating (70 ° C) for 45 minutes, followed by removal of cell membranes, adding milk to the extract and isolating water-soluble substances from the mixture 3.

The disadvantages of this method are the use of chemicals for the extraction of biologically active substances, as a result of which the nutritional and biological value, as well as the irrational use of raw materials are impaired.

The aim of the invention is the development of an environmentally friendly and resource-saving method for producing proteins, carbohydrates, fats, a mixture of essential and non-essential amino acids, organic acids, coloring materials, glycosides, vitamins and mineral elements from microscopic

and macroscopic fungi, yeast, bacteria and plants.

Depending on the purpose, the biomass of one species or

several types of microorganisms from different taxonomic groups, micro- or macroscopic mushrooms, leaves, petioles, stems, flowers, seeds and roots of plants, as well as fruits, years and vegetables.

Obtaining biologically active substances from various raw materials without the use of chemicals is an extremely important socio-economic problem, since its resolution

contributes to meeting the growing needs of the population for nutritious foods that are harmless to the health of consumers; improving their commercial quality and beneficial properties; pre-

aversion to various diseases,

cost reduction, as well as the prevention of pollution and the preservation of the environmental cleanliness of the environment.

Currently using a series of

Automates, hydrolysates, and isolates receive expensive and harmful chemicals for the human body based on complex and lengthy processes that require numerous equipment and a large number of reagents.

In contrast to the known technological methods, the proposed method for producing biologically active substances is based on the use of physical and

physico-chemical effects on raw materials aimed at changing its physiological and structural-morphological properties. The new method can be implemented on a commercially available industrial type equipment /

The goal is achieved by using the raw materials used for two freezing to destroy cell structures. Primary freezing is carried out

at a temperature of minus 16 - minus 40 ° depending on the target product, on the type and condition of the raw material. Secondary freezing is carried out at a temperature of minus 5 - minus 15 ° C immediately after defrosting

raw materials. After secondary defrosting, the separated cell juice is separated from the feed and then the feed is diluted with distilled water. The resulting mixture is heated to and kept in a heated state from 3 minutes to 2 hours depending on -. type of raw material and target product. After aging, the mixture is separated by ultrafiltration, separation, centrifugation or sedimentation into two fractions - ex-tract and the remains of cell membranes. Distilled water is added to the cell wall residues and reheated under the same parameters. After which the mixture is again divided into two fractions - the extract and the remains of cell membranes. Cellular juice and extracts obtained by heating twice are combined, concentrated and dried.

Depending on the type of raw material, the resulting target product contains proteins, fats, carbohydrates, essential and non-essential amino acids, coloring agents, organic acids, vitamins, mineral elements, glycosides.

As a result of the applied effects, the permeability of cells changes, the concentration of biologically active substances in them increases, the viscosity and dispersion of protein-lipid particles change, and the permeability of endogenous substances is selective, which contributes to their more complete extraction from raw materials.

Depending on the field of application, the extract obtained can be used in liquid form, for example, for preparing drinks, first dinner dishes, bakery products, a nutritional train for growing microorganisms, plants, tissue cultures, in a concentrated state - in the form of fins for the production of confectionery products, canned food, food concentrates, various culinary dishes, pastes, etc.

For longer storage, the extract is concentrated and dried.

LI me R 1. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevlsfal strain VKMU-402 is frozen at a temperature of minus 1 ° C for 50 minutes, after which it is defrosted and re-frozen at minus 5 ° C for 4 hours. After secondary defrosting, they are separated from the biomass the separated cell sap, and the biomass is diluted with distilled water. The resulting mixture was heated at + 10 ° C for 3 minutes, then the extract was separated from the remnants of the cell walls. Distilled water was added to the cell wall residues again, the suspension was heated a second time, then the extract was again separated from the cell wall residues. Cell juice, primary and secondary extracts are combined, then concentrated. After concentration, it is dried. The resulting product contains essential and non-replaceable amino acids, vitamins and mineral elements.

Amino acid composition,% to the total weight of the product:

0

Threonine

Aspartic acid

Series

Glutamic acid

Proline

Glycine

Alanya

Cystine

Roller

Methionine

Isoleucine

Leucine

Tyrosine

Phenylalanine

Histidine

Lysine

Arginine

2.45

4.92

2.88

11.09

2,34

5.43

7.17

1.85

2.71

0.62

2.14

2.86

1,07

1.18

0.79

3.61

1.44

Vitamin and microelement composition. 100 g of the drug contains

Vitamins: Bi4.3 mg;

8212.1 mg;

RR176mg:

trace elements: K 4.97 g; Md0.41 g;

Ca0.05 g

Fe0.036 g;

Ml 1.38 mg;

Cr0.1 mg;

M0.1 mg;

Cu 0.1 mg;

Zn0.1 mg.

The powdery product is highly soluble in water, has a high emulsifying, water-retaining and foaming ability, light cream color, with a specific taste with a yeast odor.

Dry drinks obtained with this product are characterized by good commercial quality and increased physiological value. Perfume and cosmetic products and therapeutic ointments eliminate wrinkles and quickly regenerate skin integuments.

Example 2. The technology for the production of biologically active substances is similar to Example 1, but the bacteria Lactobacterium bulgarfcum are used from microorganisms. In this case, the primary freezing of the raw material is carried out at a temperature of minus 18 ° C for 2 hours, and the secondary freezing at minus 10 ° C for 5 hours, the suspension is heated with the remains of cell membranes at a temperature of plus 90 ° C for 40 min The resulting product contains 66% protein substances. 18% carbohydrates, W% of mineral elements in relation to the dry matter raw materials, The powder has a grayish-white color, palatable taste and smell, completely dissolves in water, improves the quality of bakery products and increases the biological value of products that are deficient in amino acid and mineral composition.

EXAMPLE 3 The production technology for biologically active substances is similar to Example 1, but microscopic PeniclUlum roguefortt fungi are used as raw materials. In this case, the primary freezing of the feed was carried out at a temperature of minus 20 ° C for 1 h, the secondary freezing was carried out at a temperature of minus 15 ° C for 3 h, the suspension was heated at a temperature of 80 ° C for 60 min. The resulting product contains 35% protein substances. 46% of polysaccharides, 7.6% of ipids, 2.5% of nucleic acids, has a white color with a light cream tint, a pleasant taste and smell, is completely soluble in water.

Example 4. The technology for producing biologically active substances is similar to Example 1. but the years of blackcurrant are used as raw materials. In this case, the primary freezing of the raw material is carried out at a temperature of minus 20 ° C for EO min, the secondary freezing is carried out at a temperature of minus 7 ° C for 3 hours, the mixture is heated at 50 ° C for 2 hours. The resulting product contains coloring substances. 15% protein, 61.8% carbohydrates, 12.5% organic acids in relation to the mass fraction of solids, 0.1 mg carotene, 800 mg vitamin K, 930 mg vitamin C per 100 g. The product has a dark purple color, the sour taste, a distinctive specific odor of the feedstock, is completely soluble in water, gives a beautiful purple-burgundy or dark pink color to sweets, drinks, creams intended for confectionery products, and also helps to enrich them with natural vitamins.

Example 5. The technology for producing biologically active substances is similar to Example 1, but is used as a raw material for squeezing grapes with a dark color. In this case, the primary freezing of the raw material was carried out at a temperature of minus 17 ° C for 40 minutes, the secondary freezing at a temperature of minus 9 ° C for 1.5 hours, the mixture was heated at 65 ° C for 40 minutes.

The resulting product has a maroon-violet color, a pleasant sweetish taste, contains 43% glucose, 0.2% organic acids, pantothenic acid, vitamin Be. biotin, riboflavin, thiamine, low-dose coloring agents for coloring beverages, creams, sweets, and other food products.

Example 6. The technology for producing biologically active substances is similar to Example 1, but using sea buckthorn seeds as a raw material. In this case, the primary freezing of the crushed raw material is carried out at minus 40 ° C for 2 hours, the secondary freezing at a temperature of minus 6 ° C for 7 hours, the mixture is heated at a temperature of 70 ° C for 50 minutes. The sexually studied product contains 2.2% fructose, 2.4 arabinose, 1.8% galactose; neutral lip ides up to 73.5%; glncolipids up to 14.9%; phospholipids up to 6.1%. Fatty acid composition of lipids, wt.%: Myristin

5 0.3; myristolein 0.25; palmitinova 27.9; palmitoleinova 39.8; heptadecenov 0.36; stearin 0.8; oleinova 11.8; linoleva 1.35. Vitamin composition of the product: thiamine (Bi), riboflavin (82); pantothenova

0 acid (Vz): pyridoxine (Be); biotin (H), niacin (PP), ft-carotene, ascorbic acid. The product contains mineral elements, up to 300 mg in 100 g of irreplaceable and non-replaceable amino acids, has a dark-5 orange color, an oily consistency, a pleasant taste and aapah. inherent in raw materials.

Depending on the purpose, two types of product can be obtained from sea buckthorn seeds - an extract of carbohydrates, amino acids, vitamins, mineral elements and a fat-containing product consisting of neutral lipids, glycolipids and phospholipids. For this purpose, an additional technological operation is introduced to separate the solution from lipids, and the seeds are pre-ground before freezing.

PRI me R 7. The technology for the production of biologically active substances is similar

0 example 1, but use ginseng leaf as raw material. In this case, the primary freezing of the raw material is carried out at a temperature of minus 16 ° C for 60 minutes, the secondary freezing is carried out at a temperature of 5 minus 8 ° C for 2.5 hours, the mixture is heated at a temperature of 95 ° C for 10 minutes. The resulting product is a fine powder with no visible foreign inclusions, yellow

0 colors with a greenish tint, bitter taste with an odor inherent in raw materials, contains TK. total nitrogen, protein nitrogen 9.7%, non-protein nitrogen 3.4%, 81.3 g / kg amino acids, including essential 2 8.5

5 g / kg

Composition g of product icosides, mg / g: Rgi RFRg2 RC Rb2 Rd

21.9 1.977.3 4.7 4.4 13.9

The product can be used for drinks, creams and medicinal purposes.

If dry raw materials are used, they are crushed and soaked with distilled water.

Example 8. The technology for producing biologically active substances is similar to Example 1, but dark-colored rose flower petals are used as raw material. In this case, the primary freezing of raw materials was carried out at a temperature of minus 35 ° C for 40 minutes, and the secondary freezing at minus 12 ° C for 1 h, heating of the raw material with water was carried out at 85 ° C for 5 minutes. The resulting product has a red-burgundy color, a distinctive specific odor of the feedstock, contains rose oil, coloring and tanning substances, vitamins and amino acids, and can be used in the perfumery and cosmetics industry, in medicine, and for preparing non-alcoholic and alcoholic drinks and confectionery , vitamins and drugs.

Depending on the color of the feedstock, the product can be obtained in different colors: pink, dark pink, scarlet, red, burgundy, orange and dark cherry.

Example 9. The technology for the production of biologically active substances is similar to Example 1, the difference is that before freezing, a suspension of Saccharomyces cerevisiaJ yeast strain VKMU-402 is ozonized at an ozone concentration of 8-10 mg / L. The resulting product does not have a yeast odor, has a similar chemical composition and the previously described properties, which allows it to be used more widely and in much larger quantities in the manufacture of food products. In addition, the yield of the target product is increased by 0.7-1.5% due to inhibition of the respiration activity of yeast cells.

Example. The technology for the production of biologically active substances is similar to Example 1, the difference is that to more fully recover the biologically active substances after heating a suspension of Saccharomyces cerevfsfal yeast strain VKMU-402, 1% edible table salt is introduced into it with respect to the mass fraction of raw materials and water. The yield of the product with the same chemical composition as in Example 1 is increased by 2.5-4.3%. The product has a white color with a cream tint, a pleasant slightly salty taste, without a pronounced yeast odor. The product is able to add a nutty smell and palatability to dry extruders obtained from one type of flour or from several

types of crops, crisp bread m pasta m.

Example 11. The technology for the production of biologically active substances is similar to 5 of Example 1, but the cell walls of avian yeast Saccharomyces cartilaglnosus, which are brewing wastes, are used as raw materials. The resulting product contains 40.3% of crude 10th protein, 4.9% of crude fat, 44.5% of nitrogen-free extractive substances, 5.8% of ash elements. Amino acid composition,% of crude protein: essential amino acids - valine 4.9; leucine 8.1; iso 15 leucine 4.7; methionine 1.3; phenylanine 5.4; threonine 5.2; lysine 10.1; Interchangeable Aspartic Amino Acids 9.9; 4.8 series; glutamine 10.6; proline 3.7; glycine 4.6; Alanine 4.6; cystine 1.2; tyrosine 4.3; histo dyne 5.4; arginine 6.5. The product is characterized by a pleasant taste, white with a gray tint, can be used in the manufacture of canned goods, confectionery, bakery and pasta products, for cereals, soups, etc., food products, and also as an additive to fish, poultry, fur animals , domestic animals (cats, dogs, pigs, cattle) and as an ecologically clean, effective fertilizer for agricultural plants, open and closed soils, as well as summer, lawn, indoor.

The drug increases the biological

5, the value of food and animal feeds makes it possible to increase productivity in the field of plant growing and animal husbandry, increase the amount of protein in the finished product, normalize the content of nitrites and nitrates in it, and eliminate the ingress of harmful chemicals used as fertilizers. Thus, additional products can be used as an additive to food products, perfumery and cosmetic products, feed of agricultural and domestic animals, and also as an environmentally friendly fertilizer for plants.

0 In order to increase the yield of the target product, the raw material may be subjected to preliminary mechanical destruction prior to freezing.

If the feed contains a large amount of

5 as aromatic substances, they are captured by special devices and used together with the target product or on their own.

If necessary, the target products obtained by the proposed techno11200326212

In this way, the proposed method can be enriched.

but with proteins, carbohydrates, fats, it makes it possible to obtain biologically active

moss and interchangeable amino acids, substances from various types of microorganoitamines, coloring and aromaticisms and plants.

substances, organic acids, 5

glycosides. minerals and (56) 1. French Patent No. 2281727, cl. A 23

by others. J 1/18, 1976.

To enhance the extraction process at 2. French Patent No. 2363996, CL A 23

heating the feed may additionally be used -J 1/18, 1979.

use high or low 10 3. USSR copyright certificate

pressure. .Nt 1034688, cl. A 23 J 1/18, 1979.

Claims (1)

Claims for cell membranes, obtained cell sap and ex1. METHOD FOR PRODUCING BIOLOGICAL - 15 "- LIVES OF ACTIVE SUBSTANCES, provided for-2 The method according to claim, characterized by TVM, decomposition-freezing raw materials — to eliminate a specific odor, separating cell juice from solid cheese) the phases are ozonized before freezing, adding to the solid phase extra at an ozone concentration of 8 -10 mg /, and for the gent, heating the resulting mixture and increasing yield of biologically active substances; holding it, separating it into liquid — substances after heating, add extract and solid — the remains of the cell poured food sodium chloride along the phase shells, characterized in that with respect to the mass fraction of raw materials and water, as raw materials use microorganism- "" we are such yeast, lactic acid tank 25 3. The method according to p. 1 and 2, characterized in teria, micro- and macroscopic fungi, in that when used as a plant, or seeds, or years, the freezing of microorganisms primary freezing carried out at a temperature aging is carried out at a temperature of -16. -40 C for 0.5 - 2 hours, raw materials de-16-20 C for 50 -120 minutes, re-frost and re-freeze at ™ pr -5 ... - 15 C for 3 - 5 hours ., and at a temperature of -5 ... -15 C for 1.0 - 7 hours and the cell walls are kept and defrosted again, water is used as extragene at a temperature of 80 - 10 C for 3; heating the mixture - 90 min. exist at a temperature of 50-, 35 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized by holding for 3 to 120 minutes, especially when using cell walls as a raw material for the quail, water, plants, or seeds are added, or flowers, or for a year the resulting mixture is heated and the repeated freezing is carried out under the indicated conditions, separated at a temperature of -6 ... -12 C for 1 - 7 mixture of the extract and cellular residues for 40 hours.