RU2001669C1 - Cavitation whipper - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to the food industry and can be used to intensify the technological process for the preparation of whipped masses, in particular confectionery.

The well-known whipping machine MV-35 is intended for the preparation of creams, mayonnaise, mousses. The machine consists of a beater, a tank with a lifting mechanism and an electric drive. The beater is mounted eccentrically to the axis of the tank and during operation makes a complex movement: fast rotation around its vertical axis and slow rotation around the axis of the tank. The tank is mounted on a bracket that has a plate sliding along the vertical guides of the bed with a worm pair, gear and rack. Raise and lower the tank manually using the flywheel.

Analyzing the design and operation of the machine MV-35, the following should be noted. The mass to be treated is in the container during the process of beating to a certain state for a rather long time. The design of the drive of the whipping organ is complex. In addition, an additional mechanism is included in the machine design for raising and lowering the product container.

Known cavitation mixer, comprising a housing with inlet and outlet nozzles, inside of which are mounted on the drive shaft radial brackets, equipped with mixing elements, between which are placed horizontal partitions. The mixing elements are made in the form of hollow cylinders with a toroidal surface and with slots, and the casing is equipped with disks fixed on its inner surface, whose planes are perpendicular to the plane of rotation of the brackets. Moreover, the central axis of the disk, perpendicular to its plane, coincides with the central axis of the cylinder. The mixed material is fed through the inlet nozzles into the housing between the partitions, and the brackets with mixing elements are rotated, during the movement of which cavitation cavities are created on the inner surfaces of the hollow cylinders by increasing the relative velocity of the liquid. When the cavities are closed, a floor of micro bubbles forms when collapsing, cavitation-cumulative jets are created that have a dispersing and mixing effect on the processed material. Upon running

mixing elements on stationary disks, the fluid, carried away by the elements, is suddenly braked, as a result of which zones of increased pulsating pressure are formed. The frequency of pressure pulsations is determined by the frequency of incidence of mixing elements on the disks. The emerging pulsating pressure field further increases the efficiency

the collapse of cavitation microbubbles, which intensifies the mixing process and the dispersion of the processed material.

Thus, the well-known cavitation mixer is designed to mix and disperse the material being processed, in connection with which a corresponding construction using the natural cavitation effect has been developed.

The proposed cavitation whisk is intended not only and not so much to mix the whipped mass, but also to saturate it with air. To saturate the whipped mass with air, a design has been developed that allows the active use of the effect of artificial cavitation, due to which cavitation cavities are filled with air from the atmosphere.

0 then air-filled caverns are not

pop up, and with the help of a special

devices are directed into the thickness

whipped mass, saturating it with air.

Thus, the cavitation whisk 5 differs fundamentally from the cavitation mixer. Various functionalities. The purpose of creating a cavitation mixer is to intensify the mixing process with

0 using the effect of natural cavitation, the goal of creating a cavitation whisk is to intensify the saturation of air in the whipped mass with the active use of the effect of artificial cavitation.

In FIG. 1 shows a whisk for whipping; FIG. 2. 3 - carriers of cavitation elements; FIG. 4, 5, 6 - telescopic coupling; FIG. 7 is a section DD in FIG. 1.

0 The cavitation beater includes a container 1, inside of which a closed-loop whisk 2 is installed. The rim 2 is provided with capitals 3, for example, disks mounted on vertical carriers 4 and fixed on them with brackets 5. The disks 3 are located on the carriers x 4 with a certain pitch h. Two types of carriers are used depending on the whipped mass. For masses of liquid consistency

the carrier 4 is made integral (Fig. 2), and for more viscous masses the carrier 4 is hollow (Fig. 3), and the disks 3 are mounted on one of its walls, and holes 6 are made coaxially with the disks 3 on the opposite wall of the carrier 4. Carriers 4 by means of the transverse brackets 7, they are mounted inside the rim 2. The carriers 4 are located on the periphery of the rim 2 symmetrically with respect to the axis of rotation.

Inside corolla 2, stationary vertical partitions 8 are installed that separate the zone of formation of cavitation cavities and at the same time support the brackets 7 of carriers 4. Inside corolla 2, between the partitions 8, a moving device is installed, for example, blades 9 installed at a certain angle of attack to the vertical and horizontal plane m.

Corolla 2 is fixedly mounted on a vertical hub 10. which has keyways 11 and 12 and a window 13. A telescopic coupling 15 is used to connect the hub 10 of the corolla 2 to the drive output shaft 14, the construction of which includes a key 16, a keyway 17, a window 18. The output the drive shaft 14 has a key 19.

Cavitation whisker works as follows.

The whisk 2 is mounted on the bottom of the container 1 filled with the confection mass to be whipped. Then, the container 1 is attached to the legs of the whipping machine in one of the known ways. However, in the proposed construction, unlike the existing legs, the machines do not have a lifting and lowering mechanism, but are fixedly mounted on the machine bed. After installing the tank on the legs of the machine, it is necessary to attach the working body of the machine (whisk 2) to the drive shaft - the output shaft 14 of the drive. The fastening of the working body is carried out in a common manner, i.e. with the help of a key. However, in existing machines, the hub of the working body is directly attached to the drive shaft, which causes the working body to move upward along the axis by an amount of the order of 70-100 mm (1.8-2.0 of the diameter of the drive shaft plus a portion of the length of the hub to accommodate the keyway) . As a result of the upward movement of the hub, together with the working body, the lower end of the working body rises above the bottom of the tank by the same distance (70-100 mm). To eliminate the resulting dead volume in existing machines, there is a mechanism

raising the container and lowering it at the end of the whipping cycle. In the proposed design, there is no need for a mechanism for raising and lowering the tank, because the working body is connected to the drive shaft using a specially designed telescopic coupling. In FIG. 4, the main lines of the coupling 15 is shown in the connected position

0 (upper position) and broken lines in the disconnected position (lower position).

The process of attaching the rim 2 to the shaft 14 is carried out in the following sequence. The telescopic sleeve 15 (Figs. 4,5,6) moves in the hub 10 from the lower position upward. In this case, the hub 10 and the corolla 2 fixed on it remain in the initial position, resting on the bottom of the tank 1. When moving upward, the coupling 15 is put on the shaft 14, the keyway 17 is aligned with the key 19, which is fixedly mounted on the shaft 14. Then, when moving couplings 15 upwards bring it to such

5 position, when the key 19 comes out of the keyway 17 and is installed in the window 18. At the same time, the lower key 16 is fixedly mounted on the sleeve 15, moving along with it up the keyway

0 to the groove 12 of the hub 10, approaches the upper point of the nest of the window 13. Until then, the rim 2 remained stationary and rested on the bottom of the container 1 (Fig. 1). At the end of the stroke of the coupling 15 up, for example, 15 mm to the exit

5, the key 19 in the window 18, the key 16 approached the upper point of the window 13. In the last 15 mm of the upward movement of the coupling 15, the key 19 comes out of the keyway 17 (Fig. 5) and is installed in the window 18. At the same time, the lower key 16,

0 resting against the upper point of the nest of the window 13, the last 15 mm of the stroke lifts the hub 10 upwards, and with it the rim 2, detaching its lower plane from the bottom of the tank 1 by 15 mm, respectively. Next, turn the sleeve 15 (Fig. 4), and with it the hub 10 with the whisk 2 counterclockwise until the key 19 (Figs. 1, 4) stops, into the left edge of the window 18. At this moment, the sleeve 15 together with the hub 10 and corolla 2 are lowered. for example, 5 mm to the stop of the window socket 18 in the key 19. Thus, the entire system - the coupling 15, the hub 10 and the rim 2 are fixed on the shaft 14 both in the radial and axial directions. Wherein

5, the lower end of the corolla 2 has the necessary gap between the end and the bottom of the tank, in this case, the gap is 15 - 5 10 mm Thus, the installation of the working body - corolla 2 in the tank 1 in the working position did not require lifting up the tank itself. filled with the product to be whipped, and therefore there is no need for a mechanism for raising and lowering the container. The process of connecting the rim 2 and the shaft 14 is carried out in the reverse order. Thus, the whisk 2 is prepared for work.

When the machine is turned on, the drive shaft 14 in the structure under consideration, starting clockwise rotation, transmits the moment through the keys 19 and 16 to the bezel 2. The whipping process begins, which can be considered as an integration of two processes - mixing the mass and saturating it with air (aeration). The process of mixing the whipped mass is described quite fully in existing designs of whipping machines. Therefore, we dwell in detail on the process of saturating the whipped mass with air.

In half a hundred whipped mass located immediately behind the cavitation disks 3, which rotate together with the whisk 2, at certain speeds low pressure zones (cavitation zones) are formed, and when the pressure on these planes becomes lower than the critical Pcr, i.e. below the saturated vapor pressure of the whipping liquid at a given temperature, cavitation bubbles begin to form in these cavities. An increase in the flow velocity (in this case, the rotation speed of the rim 2 with cavitation disks 3) after the beginning of cavitation causes a rapid increase in the number of cavitation bubbles, after which they merge into a common cavitation cavity. If atmospheric air is introduced into the cavity through the body near which the cavity appears, then the size of the cavity increases. In this case, a flow will be established that will correspond to the cavitation number, formed no longer by the saturating pressure of water vapor Рн, but by the air pressure inside the cavity R. 2 P °° -Pk

 pv oo

The resulting cavitation cavities filled with air tend to float. This rise is determined by the so-called Froude number Fr V oo / gd, where d is the acceleration of gravity;

d is some characteristic linear size.

In this case, this is the diameter of the cavitation disks.

(d - 0.02 m according to the calculation).

The proposed corolla 2 design prevents cavitation cavities filled with air from floating up, directing them inside the whipped mass to intensify its saturation with air. Cavitation flows resulting from the supply of air into the cavity are called artificial cavitation. The proposed design of the working body to

With a whipping machine, it is possible to efficiently use the artificial cavitation phenomenon to saturate the whipped mass with air from the atmosphere.

Conditions for the formation of cavitation

5 caverns in the mass cavities located behind the cavitation disks 3 are already discussed above. Air is supplied from the atmosphere to the caverns due to the design of carriers 4 (Fig. 2.3).

0 When whipping the masses of a more liquid consistency, carriers 4 of discs 3 (Fig. 2) are installed in the whisk 2 (Fig. 1). The carrier 4 is made in the form of a solid rod, to which with the help of brackets 5 (Fig. 2)

5, disks 3 are attached with a diameter of 0.02 m. The disks are located along the axis of the rod vertically with a certain step h, the size of which is calculated, based on the condition that, at any level of whipped mass

0 one of the disks on each medium was effectively involved, i.e. participated in the process of artificial cavitation. The levels of whipped mass will be different for two reasons. Firstly, based on production needs, a different number of components can be placed in a container. Secondly, in the process of whipping the mass, its level due to saturation with air will be continuously stepless

0 increase. The thickness of the liquid blanket through which atmospheric air bursts into the cavitation cavity has a certain limited size at certain speeds. Thus, when

As the level of mass increases, the thickness of the liquid layer above the disk increases, becomes larger than the maximum thickness, and air from the atmosphere ceases to flow into the cavity. However, above the previous disc

0 another cavitation disk is located, which, following the previous one, begins to participate in the process of saturating the whipped mass with air. A similar disc change continues throughout the entire whisk cycle. According to the calculated data, the thickness of the liquid layer through which air will flow from the atmosphere at the speeds of the working body selected for structural and technological reasons is 0.05 and 0.1 m. Exodus

from this, the disks are mounted vertically with a step equal to the thickness of the liquid layer h, which promotes the formation of artificial cavitation. As a result of this, at any level of mass, certain cavitation disks will be involved.

In order to whip the masses of a denser consistency, it is very difficult to break air into the cavity from the atmosphere through the mass layer, and is shown in FIG. 2, the design will not provide a process for saturating the mass with air using the effect of artificial cavitation.

Based on the foregoing, in order to use the effect of artificial cavitation to whip the masses of a denser consistency, the design of cavitation disc carriers is shown in Figs. 3. The carrier 4 is hollow, and on one of its walls along the entire maximum height of the whipped mass there are disks 3 fixedly mounted on the brackets 5 with a step h. In the zones of formation of cavitation cavities in the carrier wall, there are ft holes 6. The air from the atmosphere enters the cavitation cavities through the hollow carrier 4 and the holes 6. Otherwise, the artificial cavitation process proceeds as in the case shown in Figs. 2 constructions.

However, caverns filled with air from the atmosphere tend to float.

The process of flooding caverns with air will prevent the process of intensively saturating the mass with air, because the floated caverns carry air from the mass to the atmosphere, while air must be left in the mass during whipping. To accomplish this, vertical partitions 8 and a moving device, for example radially mounted vanes 9, located at a certain angle of attack to the vertical and horizontal planes, are introduced into the structure of the rim 2. Due to this arrangement of the blades 9, the mass constantly recirculates in the container during the whipping process in the manner shown by the arrows in FIG. 1 and 7. Due to this recirculation, portions of the whipped mass saturated with atmospheric air are directed through the thickness of the mass and aerated. At the end of the whipping cycle, the whisk 2 is disconnected from the drive shaft 14, removed from the tank, after which the whipped mass is removed from the tank and sent to further technological operations.

(56) Dragilev A.I. and others. Whipping machine MV-35. Design and operation of food industry equipment. M ,: IN Agropromizdat, 1988, p. 148-150.

USSR copyright certificate No. 1443951, cl. B 01 F 7/16, 1987.

Claims (3)

1. A CAVITATION BEATER containing a container mounted on the drive shaft with a working element with cavitation elements fixed on its periphery on the carriers, characterized in that the working body is made in the form of a closed-loop rim with partitions installed symmetrically inside the rim with respect to its axis of rotation, the carriers of the cavitation elements are located vertically on the outside of the partitions, and the cavitation elements are fixed on the carrier35 l x in height at an equal distance from each other. 2. The whip according to claim 1, characterized in that the carriers of the cavitation elements are hollow and provided with holes located on the side opposite to the cavitation elements and coaxial with the upper ends of the carriers open for communication with atmospheric air. 3. A whisker according to claim 1, characterized in that the blades are installed between the partitions along the height of the blade for circulating the whipped mass. (rg / g2 Bb 17 / s Fig 5 / $ G-, G . / jf / sixteen FIG. 6