RU2001120385A - Ultrafobic surface - Google Patents

Claims (26)

1. A structured (profiled) surface with ultra-phobic properties, characterized in that it has a topography in which the relationship between the spatial frequencies f of the individual Fourier components and their amplitudes a (f) is determined by the function S

the integral of which, calculated between the lower limit of integration log (f ₁ / μm ^-1 ) = -3 and the upper limit of integration log (f ₂ / μm ^-1 ) = 3, is at least 0.5, and the specified surface is made of a hydrophobic or, first of all, oleophobic material, or has a coating of such a hydrophobic or, first of all, oleophobic material. 2. The ultra-phobic surface according to claim 1, characterized in that the integral of the function S exceeds 0.6. 3. The ultra-phobic surface according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it has a contact angle of at least 150 ° and a rolling angle of less than 10 °. 4. Ultra-phobic surface according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it has a contact angle of at least 155 °. 5. Ultra-phobic surface according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it is made of metal or plastic. 6. Ultrafobic surface according to claim 5, characterized in that the metal is selected from the group comprising beryllium, magnesium, scandium, titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, aluminum, gallium, yttrium, zirconium , niobium, molybdenum, technetium, ruthenium, rhenium, palladium, silver, cadmium, indium, tin, lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium, hafnium , tantalum, tungsten, rhenium, osmium, iridium, platinum, gold, thallium, lead, bismuth, primarily titanium, aluminum, magnesium and ni cell or corresponding alloy of the named metals. 7. The ultra-phobic surface according to claim 5, characterized in that an alloy of aluminum and magnesium, primarily AlMg _{3, is} selected as the metal. 8. The ultra-phobic surface according to claim 5, characterized in that duroplast or thermoplast is selected as the plastic. 9. An ultra-phobic surface according to claim 8, characterized in that the duroplast is selected from the group consisting of diallyl phthalate resin, epoxy resin, urea-formaldehyde resin, melamine-phenyl formaldehyde resin, melamine-phenol-formaldehyde resin, polymeric silicone, and polymeric resin a group comprising a thermoplastic polyolefin, for example polypropylene or polyethylene, polycarbonate, polyester carbonate, polyesters, for example PBT or PET, polystyrene, styrene copolymer la, a copolymer of styrene and acrylonitrile, styrene graft copolymer kauchuksoderzhaschy, for example acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), polyamide, polyurethane, polyphenylene sulphide, polyvinyl chloride or any possible mixtures of said polymers. 10. An ultraphobic surface according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that a layer of a hydrophobic auxiliary phobic agent, primarily an anionic, cationic, amphoteric or nonionic surfactant, is applied to this surface. 11. A structural material or building material having an ultra-phobic surface according to any one of claims 1 to 10. 12. The use of ultra-phobic surfaces according to any one of claims 1 to 10 for reducing the friction force of the lining of vehicle bodies, aircraft fuselages and ship hulls. 13. The use of an ultra-phobic surface according to any one of claims 1 to 10 as self-cleaning coatings or cladding of buildings, roofs, windows, ceramic building materials used, for example, for plumbing equipment and household appliances. 14. The use of an ultra-phobic surface according to any one of claims 1 to 10 as an anti-corrosion coating for metal products. 15. The use of an ultra-phobic surface according to any one of claims 1 to 10 as a transparent panel or as a transparent layer applied to transparent glasses, especially quartz or polymer glasses, in particular for solar panels, vehicles or greenhouses. 16. A method of obtaining a surface with ultra-phobic properties according to any one of claims 1 to ₁₀ based on an AlMg ₃ alloy, characterized in that this surface is cleaned, etched, subjected to anodic oxidation, passivated in boiling water, if necessary, applied to it, first of all by sputtering, a layer of a noble metal as an adhesion promoter, primarily of gold, with a thickness of 10 to 100 nm and finally coated with a hydrophobic material, primarily an anionic, cationic, amphoteric or nonionic surface-active compound as TWA auxiliary phobic agent. 17. A method of producing a surface with ultra-phobic properties, characterized in that a mold is made that is an inverse imprint of the ultra-phobic surface with the desired topography, using for this purpose a mixture of plastic and a hydrophobic or, first of all, oleophobic additive, which during curing is deposited in the form of a thin film between mold surface and molded plastic product. 18. A method of obtaining a surface with ultrafobic properties, characterized in that the ultrafobic surface with the desired structure is formed using plastic, especially duroplast or thermoplastic, and if necessary, an adhesion promoter layer is applied to the surface of the molded product obtained in this way from the inverse print and then coated with a hydrophobic or primarily oleophobic material. 19. The method according to p. 18, characterized in that the polymer used is a hydrophobic polymer, preferably a copolymer of polymethylmethacrylate and perfluorooctadecylmethacrylate, and it does not require the additional coating of a hydrophobic or oleophobic material. 20. The method according to p. 17 or 18, characterized in that the surface subjected to etching, anodized and treated with hot water with a temperature in the range from 50 to 100 is used as a shape with a reverse print, respectively obtained from this reverse print of a surface with the desired structure ° C and containing mainly aluminum or aluminum alloy. 21. The method according to p. 17 or 18, characterized in that a microstructured, anodized, calcined and containing mainly aluminum or aluminum alloy surface is used as a shape with a backprint, respectively obtained from this inverse of the surface with the desired structure. 22. The method according to any one of paragraphs.17-21, characterized in that as a plastic for the formation of the surface used duroplast or thermoplastic. 23. The method according to p. 22, characterized in that as a duroplast, one is used selected from the group consisting of diallyl phthalate resin, epoxy resin, urea-formaldehyde resin, melamine-formaldehyde resin, phenol-formaldehyde resin, resin. 24. The method according to item 22, wherein the thermoplastic used is one selected from the group consisting of a thermoplastic polyolefin, for example polypropylene or polyethylene, polycarbonate, polyester carbonate, polyesters, for example PBT or PET, polystyrene, styrene copolymer, styrene copolymer and acrylonitrile, a rubber-containing grafted copolymer of styrene, for example a copolymer of acrylonitrile, butadiene and styrene (ABS plastic), polyamide, polyurethane, polyphenylene sulfide, polyvinyl chloride or any possible mixture of these polymers. 25. The method according to any one of paragraphs.17-24, characterized in that the surface obtained from the reverse imprint of the molded product is coated using an auxiliary hydrophobic phobic agent, especially an anionic, cationic, amphoteric or non-ionic surfactant, or use such auxiliary phobic agent as an additive to compatible polymers, which imparts hydrophobic properties to the surface. 26. A method of testing surfaces for their ultrafobic properties, characterized in that a surface of noble metal or GaAs is applied to the surface, primarily by sputtering, as an adhesion promoter, primarily from gold, with a thickness of 10 to 100 nm, then coated with a layer of auxiliary phobic an agent, preferably decantiol, after which the surface topography is examined, primarily using scanning tunneling microscopy, scanning atomic force microscopy and white light interference interferometry in combination, based on the obtained measurement data define the spatial frequencies f and their structures amplitudes a (f), and the integral of the function S

calculated between the lower limit of integration log (f ₁ / μm ^-1 ) = -3 and the upper limit of integration log (f ₂ / μm ^-1 ) = 3.