RU196225U1 - Metal-air current source - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of electrical engineering and can be used in the manufacture of metal-air current sources. The technical result of the claimed utility model is to increase the service life and reduce the service time of the metal-air chemical source. The metal-air current source contains a metal-air element (MVE) with a removable cover, the inner space of which is filled with liquid electrolyte, a current collector is fixed on the inner surface of the removable cover, on which a sacrificial metal anode plate is fixed, in one of the side walls of the MVE there is a filling channel , a filler hole, a gas outlet channel, a gas outlet hole, and a gas diffusion cathode is fixed on one of the end walls of the MVE, while the filler channel, passing along the side height the wall is connected through a separation channel with a filler hole extending along the side wall perpendicular to the filler channel, configured to supply liquid electrolyte from below to the MHE, and a gas outlet channel extending across the side wall above the filler channel is connected to a gas outlet opening perpendicularly along the side wall a gas outlet channel, wherein the inlet channel is made with a length determined from the expression: L = 0.1 ÷ 0.9 (Hd), where L is the length of the inlet channel; H is the distance from the bottom of the housing to the upper point of the filler hole, d is the smallest linear dimension of the perpendicular section of the filler channel.

Description

FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY

The utility model relates to the field of electrical engineering and can be used in the production of metal-air (MV) current sources (IT).

BACKGROUND

The prior art metal-air battery (MVB), disclosed in RU 14095 U1, publ. 06/27/2000. The MBE contains series-connected elements, each of which contains a housing, a cover, cathode assemblies fixed to the cover with a common air chamber and gas diffusion cathodes located on opposite walls of the cathode assemblies, plate anodes located opposite the cathodes with a given gap. In this case, the cathode assemblies are made in the form of a cast monolithic chamber, the anodes are made of a solid plate with an isolated non-working surface and are fixed to the lid.

One of the design flaws of the well-known MBF is the absence of any system of complex electrolyte gulf. This means that when refueling the battery, a large amount of time will be spent on sequentially filling each element. In addition, it will be necessary to control the level of the gulf of each element separately, since the IMB does not contain any structural solutions for spontaneous leveling of the electrolyte level in the cells. This noticeably reduces the ergonomics of the known MVB. In the event that the known MVB is implemented with a common housing and a common electrolyte, spurious leakage currents occur during operation that reduce the effectiveness of the MVB.

In addition, the prior art is known to the IMB disclosed in RU2183371C1, publ. 06/07/2001. The MBB contains a housing, electrical leads, at least two pocket-type metal-air elements with gas diffusion cathodes located on opposite walls of the pocket, liquid electrolyte and metal anodes located in the electrolyte inside the pocket, installed in the housing with a gap from each other, a circuit an electrolyte with a common collector and an electrolyte capacity and an air supply system with a fan, characterized in that the electrolyte capacity and a common collector are located above the upper edge of the metal-air by the elements, with the electrolyte tank is connected to the common collector conduit flexible.

The disadvantage of the MVB disclosed above is that additional structural elements (common collector and electrolyte capacity) increase the dimensions and weight of the entire MVB. Another disadvantage is the need for accurate installation of the movable collector during refueling to ensure the required level of electrolyte. In the event of a vertical displacement or skew of the collector relative to the required installation position, the electrolyte will be poured unevenly in elements and in a volume that does not match the required for the correct operation of the MSS. In addition, the collector, having a fixed-length structure or a structure stretched in a certain range along the longitudinal axis, limits the number of elements in one MVB. This means that the final number of elements, and therefore the characteristics of the MEM are laid at the design stage and cannot be changed during operation, which reduces the modularity and ergonomics of the MEM.

DISCLOSURE OF USEFUL MODEL

The objective of the claimed utility model is the development of MV IT, which has a high degree of ergonomics and small overall dimensions.

The technical result of the claimed utility model is to increase the service life and reduce the service time of the metal-air chemical source.

MV IT contains a metal-air element (MVE) with a removable cover, the inner space of which is filled with liquid electrolyte, a current collector is fixed on the internal surface of the removable cover, on which a consumable metal anode plate is fixed, in one of the side walls of the MVE there is a filling channel, a filling hole , a gas outlet channel, a gas outlet hole, and a gas diffusion cathode is fixed on one of the end walls of the MVE, while the filler channel passing along the height of the side wall is connected through a section an outlet channel with a filler opening extending along the side wall perpendicular to the filler channel configured to supply liquid electrolyte from below to the MVE, and a gas outlet channel extending across the side wall above the filler channel is connected to a gas outlet opening extending along the side wall perpendicular to the gas outlet channel, the filling channel is made with a length determined from the expression: L = 0.1 ÷ 0.9 (Hd), where L is the length of the filling channel; H is the distance from the bottom of the housing to the upper point of the filler hole, d is the smallest linear dimension of the perpendicular section of the filler channel.

The filling hole and the gas outlet hole are made through, passing along the side wall.

The filling hole is made through, passing along the side wall.

The source is made of series connected MVE with each other with the formation of a single filler collector and a collector for gas outlet when connecting adjacent filler holes using a filler nozzle and adjacent gas vent holes using a gas outlet fitting, respectively.

The filling nozzle and the gas outlet fitting are removable.

The filling union and the gas outlet fitting are fixed.

The anode material used is aluminum, magnesium, zinc, magnesium alloys, zinc alloys.

In MV IT, a gas diffusion cathode was additionally mounted on the inner surface of the side wall of the MVE with a filler channel.

In MV IT, a gas diffusion cathode was additionally mounted on the inner surface of the side wall of the MVE, opposite the side wall of the MVE with a filler channel.

In MV IT, a gas diffusion cathode was additionally mounted on the inner surface of the other end wall of the MVE.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The utility model will be more clear from the description, which is not restrictive and is given with reference to the accompanying drawings, which depict:

FIG. 1a - Series-connected MVE MV IT.

FIG. 1b - Cross section of the MVE MV IT.

FIG. 1c - Enlarged cross section of the MVE MV IT at the location of the filling channel.

FIG. 2 - An enlarged longitudinal section of the MVE MV IT series connected in series at the location of the inlet manifold or gas outlet manifold with fixed fittings.

FIG. 3 - An enlarged longitudinal section of the series connected MVE MV IT at the location of the filler manifold or gas collector with removable fittings.

FIG. 4 - An enlarged transverse section of the MVE MV IT at the junction of the filler hole and the channel.

1 - MVE; 2 - electrolyte; 3 - removable cover; 4 - current collector; 5 - anode plate; 6 - side wall; 7 - filling channel; 8 - filler hole; 9 - gas outlet channel; 10 - gas outlet; 11 - end wall; 12 - gas diffusion cathode; 13 - a jellied union; 14 - gas outlet fitting; 15 - bottom; 16 - laying; 17 - a stub; 18 - dividing channel.

IMPLEMENTATION OF A USEFUL MODEL

MV IT contains MVE (1), which is a body with a removable cover (3), containing the bottom (15), side (6) and end (11) walls, in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped. The inner space of the MVE (1) is filled with liquid electrolyte (2), on the inner surface of the removable cover (3) a current-collecting device (4) is fixed, on which the expendable metal anode plate (5) is fixed, in one of the side (6) walls of the MVE (1) ) there is a filler channel (7), a filler hole (8), a gas outlet channel (9), a gas outlet hole (10), and a gas diffusion cathode (12) is fixed on one of the end (11) walls of the MVE (1), while the filler channel (7), passing along the height of the side (6) wall, is connected through the dividing channel (18) with the filler hole by (8) along the lateral (6) wall perpendicular to the filler channel (7), configured to supply liquid electrolyte from below to the MEM (1), and the gas outlet channel (9) extending across the side (6) wall above the filler channel ( 7), connected to the outlet (10) of the gas outlet, passing along the side (6) wall perpendicular to the channel (9) of the gas outlet, and the filling channel (7) is made in the length determined from the expression: L = 0.1 ÷ 0.9 (Hd) where L is the length of the filling channel; H is the distance from the bottom of the housing to the upper point of the filler hole, d is the smallest linear dimension of the perpendicular section of the filler channel.

The filling hole (8) and the gas outlet hole (10) are made through, passing along the side (6) wall.

The filling hole (8) is made through, passing along the side (6) wall.

The source can be made of MVE (1) connected in series with each other with the formation of a single inlet manifold and a gas outlet manifold by connecting adjacent inlet openings (8) using an inlet nozzle (13) and adjacent outlet openings (10) using an inlet (14) gas outlet, respectively.

The filling nozzle (13) and the fitting (14) of the gas outlet are removable.

The filling fitting (13) and the fitting (14) of the gas outlet are fixed.

The anode material used is aluminum, magnesium, zinc, magnesium alloys, zinc alloys.

In MV IT, a gas diffusion cathode (12) was additionally mounted, fixed on the inner surface of the side (6) wall of the MVE (1), on which the filling channel (7) is located.

In MV IT, a gas diffusion cathode (12) was additionally mounted, fixed on the inner surface of the side (6) wall of the MVE (1), opposite the side (6) wall of the MVE (1), on which the filling channel (7) is located.

In MV IT, a gas diffusion cathode (12) was additionally made, fixed on the inner surface of the other end (11) wall of the MVE (1).

MV IT can consist of one, two or more MVE (1). In the case of using MV IT, containing more than one MVE (1), the filling hole (8) of the extreme MVE (1) is not through, and in the remaining MVE (1) contained in the MV IT, the filling hole (8) is not through. In addition, one of the extreme MVE (1) in MV IT, including the case of using one MVE (1), can be made with a through-fill hole (8) and equipped with plugs (17).

MV IT, consisting of three MVE (1), including with any required number of MVE (1), works as follows.

Three MVEs (1) are installed by the end walls (15) to each other, respectively, the inlet nozzles (13) and the inlet holes (8) are connected, as well as the outlet (14) of the gas outlet and the outlet (10) of the gas outlet. The joints of the fittings (13, 14) with the holes (8, 10) can be additionally sealed with elastic gaskets (16). Then the elements (1) are pulled together and secured together, for example, with the help of a U-shaped pin and a plate with holes under the pins; tightening takes place with the help of nuts. The connected filler holes (11) and the filler nozzle (13) form a common (uniform) for all elements filler manifold for the liquid electrolyte (2) with an open hole in one of the extreme MVE (1). Similarly, the openings (10) of the gas outlet and the nozzle (14) of the gas outlet form a common manifold for the gas outlet with an open hole in one of the extreme MVE (1).

Then, the anode plates (5) of aluminum or of another claimed material are fixed on current collecting devices (4), which are fixed on the inner surface of the removable cover (3). After that, removable covers (3) with anode plates (5) are hermetically fixed to the MFE housings (1), and the internal volumes of the MFE housings (1) are filled with liquid electrolyte (2) to the required level. For this, the liquid electrolyte is poured through the filling hole of the extreme MFE (1) to the MV IT, consisting of three MFE (1), until the electrolyte stops flowing from the common collector into the internal volumes of the MFE (1), after which the filling hole is sealed (8) extreme MFE (1) using a plug (17). As a liquid electrolyte (2), known electrolytes are used in the form of solutions of acids, salts or alkalis.

After refueling VA IT between the anode plates (5) and the liquid electrolyte (2) in the MPE (1), an electrochemical reaction begins between aluminum, water in the electrolyte and oxygen with the formation of thermal and electrical energies, hydrogen bubbles and solid reaction products. In this case, water in the electrolyte is consumed and its level in the MPE (1) decreases. Hydrogen released during the course of the electrochemical reaction rises and is removed from the MFE (1) through the gas exhaust channels (9), and then through the common collector.

After the anode plate (5) and / or liquid electrolyte (2) has been consumed, the operation of the MVE (1) MV IT is terminated. After changing the anode plate (5) and / or liquid electrolyte (2), the operation of the MVE (1) MV IT.

In this case, the distance that the stray current through the electrolyte (7) must pass from the anode plate (5) and the cathodes (6) of one MVE (1) to the anode plate (5) and the cathodes (6) of the other MVE (1) will be quite large, to create adverse conditions for stray currents.

The claimed design of MV IT provides an increase in service life due to the absence of spurious leakage points. They do not arise due to the fact that after some time of operation of the MV IT, the level of liquid electrolyte (2) in the MV IT falls lower and no liquid electrolyte (2) remains in the separation channel (18), while the MPE (1) opens along the electrolyte ( 2), which completely eliminates the possibility of losses from stray currents through the electrolyte (2). To provide protection against stray currents until the MVE (1) opens through the electrolyte (2), i.e. before lowering the electrolyte level (2), the filling channel (10) should be made with a length determined from the expression: L = 0.1 ÷ 0.9 (H-d).

When L is less than 0.1 (Hd), the above distance that the parasitic current passes will be small at the first time of VA IT operation (until the electrolyte level decreases), which leads to parasitic currents before the MFE opens (1) on the electrolyte, therefore, the time decreases MV IT services.

At L> 0.9 (Hd), the gap between the end of the wall forming the filler channel and the bottom of the MFE will be too small; as a result, when working in MV IT, solid reaction products are formed, which after a certain number of cycles form a solid plug in the filler channel, which leads to the channel is an inoperative channel, or the rate of electrolyte filling in all cells will decrease, since in this place there will be a decrease in the cross-sectional area of the filling channel, which will ultimately lead to the failure of the IT IT.

The claimed design of MV IT provides a reduction in service time due to the fact that, compared with the prototype, it is necessary to change the anode plate (5) and / or liquid electrolyte (2).

A utility model has been disclosed above with reference to a specific embodiment. For specialists, other embodiments of the utility model that do not change its essence, as disclosed in the present description, may be obvious. Accordingly, a utility model should be considered limited in scope only by the following claims.

Claims (10)

1. Metal-air current source containing a metal-air element with a removable cover, the inner space of which is filled with liquid electrolyte, on the inner surface of the removable cover a current-collecting device is fixed, on which a sacrificial metal anode plate is fixed, in one of the side walls of the metal-air element there is a filler channel, a filler hole, a gas outlet channel, a gas outlet hole, and a gas diffusion cathode is fixed on one of the end walls of the metal-air element, with the volume of the filler channel, passing along the height of the side wall, is connected through the separation channel with the filler hole, passing along the side wall perpendicular to the filler channel, configured to supply liquid electrolyte from below to the metal-air element, and a gas outlet channel extending across the side wall above the filler channel connected to the gas outlet opening extending along the side wall perpendicular to the gas outlet channel, and the inlet channel is made with a length determined from the expression: L = 0.1 ÷ 0.9 (Hd), where L is the length of drainage channel; H is the distance from the bottom of the housing to the upper point of the filler hole, d is the smallest linear dimension of the perpendicular section of the filler channel. 2. The current source according to claim 1, characterized in that the filler hole and the gas outlet hole are made through, passing along the side wall. 3. The current source according to claim 1, characterized in that the filling hole is made through, passing along the side wall. 4. The current source according to claim 1, characterized in that it is made of metal-air elements connected in series with each other to form a single inlet manifold and a gas outlet manifold when connecting adjacent inlet openings using an inlet nozzle and adjacent exhaust openings using a gas outlet fitting, respectively. 5. The current source according to claim 1, characterized in that the filler nozzle and the gas outlet fitting are removable. 6. The current source according to claim 1, characterized in that the filler nozzle and the gas outlet fitting are fixed. 7. The current source according to claim 1, characterized in that aluminum, magnesium, zinc, magnesium alloys, zinc alloys are used as the anode material. 8. The current source according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises a gas diffusion cathode mounted on the inner surface of the side wall of the metal-air element with a filler channel. 9. The current source according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises a gas diffusion cathode mounted on the inner surface of the side wall of the metal-air element opposite the side wall with a filler channel. 10. The current source according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises a gas diffusion cathode mounted on the inner surface of the other end wall of the metal-air element.

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