RU195983U1 - VIBRATION DIAGNOSTIC DEVICE FOR RAILWAY CAR - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to vehicle monitoring systems and can be built into a complete set of rail cars. A functional measuring unit is installed on each bearing assembly of a railway carriage. The magnetoresistive sensor is located a few millimeters from the multipolar magnetic disk, previously fixed on the front side of the rotating axis. The output analog signal from the sensor goes to the block for determining the angular position in the microcircuit. Piezoelectric sensitive elements are made in the form of a bending beam-type accelerometer and have very high sensitivity with a relatively simple design and small overall dimensions. Through the RS-485 interface, all functional blocks are connected to the central on-board computing unit, where data on vibration, temperature, rotation speed of each bearing assembly, and self-monitoring results are transmitted. In the microcontroller of the central unit, the analysis of the obtained data is carried out in accordance with the established limits of the measured values, an information package is formed about the technical condition of the car, its current position on the map and the composition of the transported cargo. This package is transmitted through the GSM communication system to a remote server serving the cargo campaign.

Description

The utility model relates to vehicle monitoring systems and can be integrated into rail cars.

A known diagnostic system of mechanisms designed for the diagnosis of bearing and gear units, gears of the running gear of a railway vehicle [1]. The system contains vibration sensors installed on the diagnosed objects, charge amplifiers, an analog multiplexer, a board with an analog-to-digital converter, and a personal computer. The system also has a digital multiplexer, optical speed sensors, a demultiplexer and a control unit.

The disadvantages of this system include the lack of the ability to check the operability of vibration sensors when they are installed on the studied object. Also, the presence of multiplexers in the system implies sequential polling of speed sensors, which may limit the scope of this system.

The known multi-channel vibrodiagnostic system for the diagnosis of bearing and gear units, gears of the running gear of a railway vehicle [2]. The system contains vibration sensors that are installed on the diagnosed objects, charge amplifiers, analog-to-digital converters, PCs, USB-interface. Using this system allows to reduce the time of vibration diagnostics due to the absence of transients during analog switching of the multiplexer, to ensure the simultaneous registration of a digital signal in all channels, to exclude interference of adjacent channels, to increase the reliability of measurement results.

The disadvantages of this system can also be attributed to the lack of the ability to verify the operability of vibration sensors and the measuring channel when the system is installed on the object under study.

A known system for remote monitoring of a rolling railway vehicle, which includes mobile and stationary hardware, which is the closest in combination of essential features to the claimed utility model and selected as the closest analogue [3]. This system includes several main blocks.

The functional measuring unit contains measuring transducers (temperature, pressure, acceleration), a microcontroller, a memory module, a clock, a power source, and a communication module. Using the communication module, the functional measuring unit is connected to the central on-board computing unit. This unit is designed to collect data from functional measuring units, generate an address information package, send it via external communication channels to the stationary part of the system (central server).

The central on-board computing unit contains a communication unit, a microcontroller, a memory unit, a clock, a power source, an internal temperature sensor, and a position sensor in space. To determine the position in space, the central computing unit contains a module for a global navigation satellite system (GPS, GLONAS).

The system also provides additional monitoring and backup tools in the form of control sensors, which are designed to control individual elements and the entire system as a whole. Control sensors contain a microcontroller, a clock, a power source, an intercom unit, an internal temperature sensor, and a position sensor in space. In the event of an emergency or emergency, position sensors or acceleration sensors (accelerometers) record shock, vibration, abnormal changes in the position of system elements or elements of a railway vehicle in space and transmit this information through the communication unit to the central onboard computer unit, and then as part of the address information sending to the central server.

The disadvantages of the existing system include structural redundancy, which consists in the presence of additional control and backup units, which complicate the structure of this system. Another disadvantage is the lack of the ability to verify the performance of vibration sensors when they are installed on the studied object.

The objective of the utility model is to eliminate system redundancy by changing the number and composition of the main components of the blocks, expanding the functionality of the device and increasing the reliability of the data obtained through the use of a self-diagnosis unit.

This is achieved due to the presence of a low-frequency channel piezosensor, a high-frequency channel piezosensor, a self-diagnosis channel piezosensor, an RS-485 interface, a sine-cosine magnetoresistive sensor, and an integrated signal processing chip, which consists of a high-frequency and low-frequency vibration measurement channels with pre-amplification and fixed passband, self-diagnosis channel, temperature measurement channel, angle detection unit Vågå position, microcontroller, digital signal processor, the presence in the RS-485 board central computing unit RFID-label interface.

In FIG. 1 shows the composition of the functional measuring unit, where: 1 - a piezoelectric transducer of the low-frequency channel, 2 - a piezoelectric transducer of the high-frequency channel, 3 - a piezoelectric transducer of the self-diagnosis channel installed in one housing with 4 - an integrated signal processing microcircuit, 5 - a temperature sensor, 6 - an RS-485 interface , 7 - magnetoresistive sensor bridge type. The integrated circuit contains: two main channels, low-frequency and high-frequency, as well as a self-diagnosis channel [4], a temperature measuring channel, an analog-to-digital converter, a microcontroller and a digital signal processor, and an angular position determination unit.

In FIG. 2 shows the composition of the central on-board computing unit, where 8 is a microcontroller, 9 is a module of the global navigation satellite system (GPS / GLONAS), 10 is an RFID tag with a secure channel, in which information about the transported cargo is recorded, 11 is a GSM communication system with a remote server 6 - RS-485 interface, 12 - power supply, 13 - memory block.

The proposed device operates as follows. A functional measuring unit is installed on each bearing assembly of a railway carriage. The magnetoresistive sensor is located a few millimeters from the multipolar magnetic disk, previously fixed on the front side of the rotating axis. The analog output signal from the sensor is sent to the block for determining the angular position in the microcircuit, which determines the angle of rotation of the shaft or bearing, as well as the instantaneous angular velocity. Piezoelectric sensitive elements are made in the form of a bending beam-type accelerometer and have very high sensitivity with a relatively simple design and small overall dimensions. Under conditions of vibration of the bearing and the piezoelectric sensor of the self-diagnosis channel, an external force acts on the piezoelectric sensitive element of the low-frequency or high-frequency channels, which causes oscillations and deformations of the sensitive element itself. In this case, a signal appears in the form of a voltage proportional to vibration acceleration at the output of the element. This signal is fed to the input of the processing microcircuit, where analog and digital signal processing, vibration velocity calculation are performed, and the technical state of the measuring channels is determined. The functional unit has a resistive temperature sensor, the output of which is connected to a signal processing chip, in which analog and digital signal processing is performed, and the temperature of the object under study is calculated.

Through the RS-485 interface, all functional blocks are connected to the central on-board computing unit, where data on vibration, temperature, rotation speed of each bearing assembly, and self-monitoring results are transmitted. In the microcontroller of the central unit, the analysis of the obtained data is carried out in accordance with the established limits of the measured values, an information package is formed about the technical condition of the car, its current position on the map and the composition of the transported cargo. This package is transmitted via the GSM communication system to a remote server serving the cargo campaign.

The advantages of the proposed device include:

- the use of a high-frequency channel for measuring vibration as part of an integrated circuit will detect defects and damage to bearings at the stage of their nucleation, since collisions of rolling elements with defects give rise to rapidly damping oscillations in the range of 20-40 kHz;

- the use of a specialized microcircuit will allow digital signal processing in the immediate vicinity of the primary piezoelectric transducers and transfer measurement results to the data storage unit already in digital form;

- the ability to fully self-calibrate and self-control the sensor by generating a reference signal and transmitting it to an additional piezoelectric sensor, which will allow you to check the operation of the entire measuring path without the use of a vibration stand;

- thanks to the use of a central computing unit, it is possible to analyze and store data on vibration, temperature, speed for each of the functional measuring units;

- the presence of a rewritable RFTD tag with a secure channel will allow you to track information about the composition of the cargo,

- the built-in GPS, GLONAS module will allow you to determine the position in space.

Sources of information:

1. Patent for utility model No. 176408

2. Patent for utility model No. 183296

3. RF patent No. 2681275 - prototype

4. Patent for utility model No. 189050.

Claims (1)

A vibrodiagnostic device for a railway carriage, consisting of a functional measuring unit and a central on-board computing unit, characterized by the presence of a low-frequency channel piezoelectric sensor, a high-frequency channel piezoelectric sensor, a self-diagnosis channel piezoelectric sensor, an RS-485 interface, a sine-cosine magnetoresistive sensor, and also an integrated micrometer resistive signal processing, which consists of high-frequency and low-frequency vibration measurement channels with pre-amplification and a fixed passband, a self-diagnosis channel, an analog-to-digital converter, a temperature measurement channel and an angular position determination unit, a microcontroller, a digital signal processor, the presence of an RFID tag, an RS-485 interface as part of the central on-board computing unit.

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