RU195600U1 - PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL REACTOR WITH VORTEX LAYER - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to devices for activating the processing of materials and fluids in the vortex layer of an electromagnetic field using ferromagnets in the field of energy, oil and gas, metallurgy, chemical industry, agriculture and urban economy, environmental protection and other industries, and can also used for the treatment of various liquid media and, in particular, for the treatment of industrial and domestic wastewater. A physicochemical vortex-bed reactor with erzhit tubular reaction chamber (3) of non-magnetic material covering the outside of the inductor (1) of the rotating electromagnetic field and containing ferromagnetic particles (4) in the form of rods. The ends of the ferromagnetic particles, according to the utility model, have peaks that extend outward through the non-metallic heads attached to the ends of the particles. The proposed utility model allows to increase the efficiency and quality of liquid processing, to extend the operational durability of FHR, and also to reduce material costs. 3 ill.

Description

FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY TO WHICH A USEFUL MODEL IS

The utility model relates to devices for processing materials, in particular to a physicochemical reactor (hereinafter FHR) with a vortex layer, which can be used in the fields of energy, oil and gas, metallurgy, chemical industry, agriculture and urban economy, environmental protection and others industries for the activation of material processing processes, as well as for the treatment of various liquid media and, in particular, for the treatment of industrial and domestic wastewater.

BACKGROUND

Almost all known devices with a vortex layer and their modifications consist of an external ring inductor generating a rotating electromagnetic field (hereinafter EMF), into the cavity of which a tube of non-magnetic material is inserted, in the inner cavity of which is a working zone with increased values of EMF induction a discrete working fluid in the form of a plurality of ferromagnetic particles, which is an analogue of a continuous working fluid, such as, for example, an asynchronous electric motor rotor or a solid core. The effect of a rotating EMF on ferromagnetic particles causes intense rotational and translational motion of these particles, forming the so-called "vortex layer", the interaction with which significantly affects the medium being processed through the pipe. Under the influence of the EMF and the vortex field, many physical and chemical processes are manifested in PCR, while all known processes are accelerated many times. In particular, the magnetostriction and cavitation phenomena appear in the medium being treated, acoustic waves appear, electrolysis occurs, mixing, mixing and grinding processes are intensified, and as a result, chemical reactions are accelerated, etc.

A device for processing materials (Logvinenko DD, Shelyakov OP Intensification of technological processes in the devices of the vortex layer. Publishing house "Technique", 1976 - [1]), which is a body in the form of a hollow cylinder of non-magnetic material, is known inside the inductor. The inductor creates a rotating EMF. A cylindrical sleeve of non-magnetic material is tightly inserted inside the body of the hollow cylinder, which is the reaction chamber of the device, inside of which there are ferromagnetic particles. Under the action of a rotating EMF, ferromagnetic particles made in the form of thin cylindrical rods, which are often used as chopped wire, nails, etc., rotate in the reaction chamber of the apparatus, following the rotation of the lines of force created by the EMF inductor, in a plane normal to the axis reaction chamber, and translationally move along circular paths around the longitudinal axis of the reaction chamber, thereby forming a cloud or swarm of ferromagnetic parts intensively moving in the space of the reaction chamber It called fluidized bed.

As it was established by the authors of the document [1], one of the disadvantages of the proposed device is that the numerous impacts of ferromagnetic particles on the walls of the insert sleeve lead to its rapid destruction up to the appearance of through holes after 200-1000 hours of operation, which requires frequent periodic replacement of the plug-in sleeve, which performs the role of protecting the working pipe of the inductor housing. In addition, the propagation of shock-vibration effects through the wall of the plug-in sleeve to the apparatus body and further to the poles and windings of the inductor leads to their premature wear and damage, significantly reducing the life of the inductor and the device as a whole. In addition, numerous impacts of ferromagnetic particles against each other, against the medium being processed (for example, granular) and especially against the walls of the reaction chamber lead to accelerated abrasion of the particles and their wear, which requires their rather frequent periodic replacement. In [1], there is also the problem of sticking and jamming of ferromagnetic particles in the end grids holding them.

In addition, the rotation of the EMF relative to moving ferromagnetic particles leads to a redistribution of electric charges in them, while both ends of the particles simultaneously have positive and negative charges, which alternate sign upon rotation of the EMF. If the liquid being treated is electrolytic, then electrolysis occurs in it. Moreover, from the ends of each rod in the electrolytic medium flows electric charges that are formed at the ends of the rods at the moment. However, the configuration of the ends of the rod, which is very important for the effective flow of electric charges, in the device known from [1], does not allow for the efficient flow of electrolytic reactions in the medium being treated.

 A device is known from RU 2224586 [2], which comprises a reaction chamber in the form of a pipe, with a discrete working fluid placed in it in the form of metal needles, and an electromagnetic inductor located outside the specified pipe, the working fluid being made in the form of bimetallic needles with an outer surface of non-magnetic metal, for example, titanium with a core of ferromagnetic material.

A disadvantage of the solution known from [2] is the use of a non-magnetic metal coating of ferromagnetic particles (“needles”), which is more durable than the material of the particles themselves, which reduces the degree and speed of wear of the particles themselves, however, it leads to an increase in the speed and the degree of wear of the walls of the reaction chamber. In addition, the configuration of the ends of bimetallic "needles", which are standardly shaped as cylindrical rods, reduces the efficiency of electrolytic reactions in the medium being treated.

From SU 1740060 [3] a ferromagnetic grinding element is known comprising a metal rod with annular grooves, a nonmetallic shell made of two parts of the same length located at the end sections of the metal rod.

A disadvantage of the device known from [3] is the presence of non-metallic shells at the ends of the ferromagnetic rods, which blocks the drain of polarization charges caused by the rotating EMF from the ends of the rods into the processed fluid, practically suppressing electrolysis phenomena in it.

Thus, the urgent problem of increasing the efficiency of liquid processing, as well as the durability and reliability of the FHR.

The identified shortcomings of the constructions known from [1], [2] and [3] are proposed to be eliminated thanks to the proposed utility model.

DISCLOSURE OF THE ESSENCE OF A USEFUL MODEL

The technical result of the proposed utility model is to increase the efficiency and quality of processing media, extending the durability of PCR and the reliability of its operation, as well as reducing operating costs.

The specified technical result is achieved by FHR, which contains a tubular reaction chamber, enveloped from the outside by an electromagnetic inductor of a rotating EMF. Ferromagnetic particles are placed inside the reaction chamber.

According to a utility model, ferromagnetic particles are made in the form of rods, the ends of which have points that extend outward through non-metallic heads fixed at the ends of the particles.

In one embodiment, the implementation of the sharpening of the rods of particles is made in the form of a pointed bulb.

In one embodiment, grooves, grooves, knurls or notches are made at the ends of the rods of the ferromagnetic particles to firmly secure the non-metallic heads at the ends of the particles.

In one embodiment, the non-metallic heads are made in the form of wear-resistant caps.

In one embodiment, the points are in the form of tapering needles.

In one embodiment, the non-metallic heads are rounded and made of non-magnetic wear-resistant material, in particular, a polymer or composite.

Thus, the essence of the utility model is to propose a ferromagnetic particle to be used as an element of a discrete working fluid placed in the reaction zone of the PCR with a vortex layer made in the form of a rod, the ends of which have points that extend outward through non-metallic heads fixed at the ends of the particles.

The proposed design of the particles, thanks to the protective non-metallic heads provided at their ends, protects the ends of the particles and their sharpening in the form of needles from impacts and friction against the walls of the reaction chamber, which prevents the rapid abrasion of both the particles themselves and their needle ends, and thus extends the life their service, which is especially important when processing electrolytic media.

The use of protective non-metallic heads of ferromagnetic particles according to this utility model, firmly fixed at the ends of the cylindrical base of the particles, also allows you to dampen the impact of particles on the walls of the reaction chamber, protecting it from destruction and reducing shock-vibration effects, including on the inductor and its windings.

The execution of the ends of ferromagnetic particles with non-metallic heads fixed on them, through which the sharpening of the ends of the ferromagnetic particles pass out, increases the diameter of the ends of the ferromagnetic particles, which also helps to prevent jamming or jamming of particles in the cells of the holding lattices of the reaction chamber, which further improves the reliability of the PCR.

The proposed utility model allows to increase the efficiency and quality of liquid processing, extend the durability of PCR and the reliability of its operation, as well as reduce operational material costs.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Figure 1 presents a General diagram in longitudinal section of the proposed FHR,

where 1 is the inductor, 2 is the body of the inductor, 3 is the reaction chamber, 4 is the ferromagnetic particles, 5 is the holding lattice.

In FIG. 2 shows the confining grid of the reaction chamber.

In FIG. 3a shows a ferromagnetic particle in the form of a cylindrical rod,

where 6 - corrugation, 7 - sharpening (tip), 8 - wear-resistant non-metallic head.

In FIG. 3b shows a partially worn ferromagnetic particle.

IMPLEMENTATION OF A USEFUL MODEL

The physicochemical vortex-layer reactor (Fig. 1) comprises a tubular reaction chamber 3 of non-magnetic material with a rotating EMF inductor 1 enclosing it from the outside with a housing 2 and windings. A discrete working fluid in the form of a plurality of ferromagnetic particles 4, which are held in the active zone of the reaction chamber by end holding grids 5, is located inside the PCR reaction chamber 3. The discrete working fluid in the form of a plurality of ferromagnetic particles 4 essentially performs the function of a working medium or working body in the PCF, in particular mixing or grinding / grinding element, and is an integral part of FHR. The ferromagnetic particles 4 are made in the form of elongated essentially cylindrical rods with ends in the form of bulbs with peaks, having the form of an elongated needle point.

The shape of the bulb is formed when the cylindrical surface of a ferromagnetic particle is rounded, made in the form of a substantially cylindrical rod, in the direction to its longitudinal axis - initially convex, i.e. with positive curvature, and then, near its longitudinal axis, is concave, i.e. with negative curvature, thereby forming in the center of the rod, i.e. essentially near its longitudinal axis, a point resembling the shape of a pointed bulb or the shape of a sphere with a point.

As is known from the field of electrical engineering, this form of sharpening of the rod of a ferromagnetic particle, which plays the role of an electrode in an electrolytic medium and is close to the surface of the ball, is optimal for uniform distribution of the surface density of electric charge on its head. The presence of a tip on the spherical surface of the rod leads to a sharp peak increase in the charge concentration at this place and, accordingly, an increase in the electric field strength in the medium near its tip, which contributes to a further drain of the charge (electric discharge) from the tip of the rod through the surrounding conductive medium in the direction of charges of the opposite sign located in the processed electrolytic medium.

The lateral surface of the ends of the rods along their cylindrical surface near the sharpening is provided with grooves, corrugations, knurling or notches 6, by means of which non-metallic heads 8 are fixed on the ends of the rods, and the tips of the sharpening 7 of the ends of the particles pass through the non-metallic heads 8 to the outside to allow electrical contact with the workpiece in FHR fluid (see Fig. 3 a, b). However, the fixation of the non-metallic heads 8 at the ends of the rods of the ferromagnetic particles can be carried out in another way, for example, by means of a geometrical connection, an interference fit, a friction or adhesive connection.

In one embodiment, the non-metallic heads 8 are made in the form of wear-resistant protective damping caps made of non-magnetic wear-resistant material, for example, polymer or composite, and the tips of the points at the ends of the particles are made so long that they pass through them outward through these caps to ensure electrical contact of the points particles with a processed fluid.

FHR works as follows. A magnetic inductor 1 connected to an alternating current network creates a rotating EMF in its working zone, and accordingly in the reaction chamber 3. The processed fluid supplied to the working zone of the reaction chamber 3 passes through the end grids 5 located at the ends of the reaction chamber 3. The action of a rotating electromagnetic field on the ferromagnetic particles 4 placed in the reaction chamber 3 leads to intense rotation and translational motion, which forms vortex layer of ferromagnetic particles, creating fluid turbulence. In addition, magnetostriction and electric polarization arise in elongated ferromagnetic particles, the combined action of which causes cavitation, propagation of acoustic waves and electrolysis in the processed medium. All this, in turn, leads to the grinding of solid particles and impurities in the treated medium, intensive mixing and mixing, intensification and catalysis of chemical reactions, coagulation, electrocoagulation, flocculation, which, in particular, promotes salt formation and aggregation of impurities and facilitates their subsequent separation from fluid.

A rotating EMF causes a redistribution of electric charges in ferromagnets, with positive and negative charges simultaneously appearing at both ends of each particle, which, when the EMF rotates relative to the rod, alternately changes sign. In a contaminated liquid treated with ferromagnetic particles, salt formation occurs, so it is always electrolytic and electrolysis proceeds in it. From the ends of the needles of each ferromagnetic particle, electric charges that have formed at its ends at the moment flow into the electrolytic medium. The presence of tapering at the ends of ferromagnetic particles (Fig. 3a, b) contributes to a peak increase in the surface density (concentration) of electric charges at the ends of the needles and a more efficient drain and movement of these charges through a liquid medium to charges of the opposite sign, which leads to an intensification of the course of electrolytic reactions in FHR and, accordingly, to increase the efficiency and quality of the liquid treatment.

Despite the fact that the long-term operation of PCR leads to the gradual erasure of the protective non-metallic heads 8 of the ferromagnetic particles 4 and the needle points at the ends of the ferromagnetic particles, their functional purpose does not suffer, since during partial abrasion of the head and sharpening of the particle in the form of a needle, as shown in FIG. 3b, its pointed tip always protrudes outward through the protective head and continues to serve as a concentrator of the electric charge accumulated at the end of the rod to ensure the manifestation of electrolysis in the processed fluid. Extension of the service life of the ferromagnetic particles of the proposed design, and at the same time the reaction chamber and inductor, reduces, respectively, the material costs for their periodic replacement and repair.

The proposed utility model allows to increase the efficiency and quality of processing solutions, extend the durability of PCR and the reliability of its operation, as well as reduce operational material costs.

Claims (6)

1. Physico-chemical reactor with a vortex layer, containing a tubular reaction chamber with a rotating electromagnetic field inductor enveloping it from the outside, containing ferromagnetic particles in the form of rods, characterized in that the ends of the rods of the ferromagnetic particles have tapering that extend outward through the non-metallic heads attached to the ends of the particles . 2. The physicochemical reactor according to claim 1, wherein the sharpening of the particle rods is made in the form of a pointed bulb. 3. The physicochemical reactor according to claim 1, wherein corrugations, notches, knurling or grooves are made at the ends of the ferromagnetic particles to secure non-metallic heads. 4. Physico-chemical reactor according to any one of paragraphs. 1-3, in which non-metallic heads are made in the form of wear-resistant caps. 5. Physicochemical reactor according to any one of paragraphs. 1-4, in which the points are in the form of tapering needles. 6. Physicochemical reactor according to any one of paragraphs. 1-5, in which non-metallic heads are rounded and made of non-magnetic wear-resistant material, in particular, from a polymer or composite.

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