RU195390U1 - Rail demagnetizer - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of railway transport, namely to a demagnetization device, which can be used to eliminate the unevenness of the magnetic field of rail elements, their insulating joints, turnouts during repair and maintenance work to ensure the safe operation of the railway infrastructure with a butt or jointless design the way. A device for demagnetizing a rail, comprising a frame on which an AC voltage source, a control unit connected to it, and an electromagnet containing a battery of parallel-connected matching capacitors connected to an AC voltage source via a control unit are mounted. The device includes supports mounted on the frame on both sides of the magnet for mounting the device on the rails, and a mechanism for adjusting the gap between the electromagnet and the surface of the rail head. The frame is made of paramagnetic material. The technical result of the claimed utility model is to reduce shunting of the magnetic field, which increases the efficiency of the demagnetization of the rail, as well as reducing the dimensions of the device. 12 s.p. f-ly, 8 ill., 2 ave.

Description

Technical field

The utility model relates to the field of railway transport, namely, a demagnetization device that can be used to eliminate the unevenness of the magnetic field of rail elements, their insulating joints, turnouts during repair and maintenance works to ensure the safe operation of the railway infrastructure with a butt or jointless design the way.

During operation of the demagnetization device containing an electromagnet, it is repeatedly moved along the axis of the railway track, which entails its multiple magnetization reversal by a damped magnetic field, in which a quick change in the polarity of the magnetic field in the magnetic gap between the electromagnet and the surface of the rail head, which eliminates foci of magnetization in the material of the rails.

State of the art

The following closest technical solutions are known from the prior art.

Known demagnetizer for rail lashes and insulating joints, containing a power source and means for magnetic processing, mounted on the frame of the rail trolley. The frame is equipped with a device for moving it and a mechanism for regulating the gap between the magnetic processing means and the processed rails. Means for magnetic processing are made in the form of permanent magnets, for example, neodymium, fixed evenly on the periphery of a disk mounted in the same plane with the wheels of the carriage and kinematically connected to the motor wheel placed on the carriage frame and connected to the power source through the joint control unit (RU 184408 U1 , G01G 7/00, publication date 10/24/2018).

The disadvantages of this device are the use of permanent magnets for demagnetization, as well as the absence of an oscillatory circuit, as a result of which it is impossible to carry out resonant demagnetization, which leads to a high residual magnetization of the rail and joints and to an increased frequency of the need for their repeated demagnetization.

A device for demagnetizing the joints of rails, containing a rail carriage on which the means of demagnetization are made, made in the form of electromagnets with U-shaped magnetic circuits, each of which contains plates with two inductors connected to an AC voltage source, and a block of capacitors, connected in parallel with inductors (RU 133532 U1, ЕВВ 11/54, publication date 10/20/2013).

The presence of the oscillatory circuit provides the implementation of resonant demagnetization. The current flowing in the demagnetization circuit, due to the resonance, exceeds the current consumed from the power plant. This ensures a strong magnetic field, providing demagnetization of the joints of the rails.

This device is selected as the closest analogue to the claimed utility model.

The disadvantages of this device is the bulkiness and low mobility of the structure. The dimensions of the prototype of the prototype trolley are 2035 × 2008 × 1350, and the weight is 600 kg. To move such a device requires a separate traction unit. To install and clean such a device from the railway track, lifting equipment is required, and a technological window is required for work. Also a disadvantage of using the known device is the lack of efficiency of the demagnetization of the rail.

The technical problem of the claimed utility model is to overcome the disadvantages inherent in analogues, which leads to the need to create a mobile device that effectively eliminates the uneven residual magnetization of the rails, with the possibility of its mobile installation on the rail and cleaning out of the way both manually and using special lifting equipment rolling stock, without closing the stage.

Utility Model Disclosure

The technical result of the claimed utility model is to reduce shunting of the magnetic field, which increases the efficiency of the demagnetization of the rail, as well as reducing the dimensions of the device.

The technical result is achieved by creating a device for demagnetization of a rail containing a frame on which an AC voltage source, a control unit connected to it, as well as an AC electromagnet and a battery of matching capacitors that are connected to the AC voltage source through the control unit are installed. The device contains supports for moving it on rails. The supports are mounted on the frame on both sides of the electromagnet for mounting the device on rails. The device also contains a mechanism for adjusting the gap between the electromagnet and the surface of the rail head. Moreover, the frame is made of paramagnetic material, and the supports are made of electrically insulating material.

A battery of parallel-connected capacitors is designed to introduce a load into the resonance mode and reduce the operating current of the installation.

Due to the presence of an electromagnet in the claimed device, a strong alternating magnetic field is generated, which gradually decreases along the rail.

By using an AC electromagnet, compared with a permanent magnet, it is possible to magnetize more efficiently due to a stronger magnetic field, it is possible to control the strength of the magnetic field, turn it on and off, as well as the ability to self-clean magnetic surfaces after shutting down the unit when the magnetic field after shutting down the installation, due to which metal debris falls under the action of gravity down from the surface of the magnetic circuit. In particular, in the analog device RU 184408 U1, the magnetic field decreases by half in one pass when using a permanent neodymium magnet, while when using an electromagnet, the magnetic field decreases by 5 times (Journal of Automation, Communications, Informatics, January 2010 , p. 32-33, article “Modified the design of the electromagnet”, A.G. Lychkin, R.I. Vysotin). Thus, the use of an AC electromagnet leads to high demagnetization efficiency and to high technical and economic indicators (low value of the current consumption of the installation, and accordingly low weight of the AC voltage source). High efficiency is ensured by the resonant principle of operation of the electromagnet in conjunction with a capacitor bank by compensating for the inductive resistance of the electromagnet with a capacitor bank.

The frame of the device is made in the form of a frame and is the bearing support element of the device on which the device equipment is mounted.

Due to the implementation of the frame of paramagnetic material and supports made of electrically insulating material, it is possible to increase the efficiency of demagnetization of the rail by reducing shunting of the magnetic field, which increases the transmission coefficient of magnetic induction in the rail.

Also, the implementation of the frame is made of paramagnetic material, and supports made of electrically insulating material make it possible to place supports in the immediate vicinity of the magnetic core of the electromagnet, which reduces the dimensions of the installation.

In the particular case of the implementation of the utility model, the claimed device may contain means for connecting to another similar device (for example, a rigid coupling) to simultaneously demagnetize two rails at the same time (one device is used to demagnetize the left rail and the other for the right rail).

The supports for moving the device along the rails can be made movable, namely in the form of rollers or tracks. The supports can be made of caprolon or textolite, or fiberglass, which additionally increases the demagnetization efficiency of the rail, allows demagnetization work without disrupting the operation of signaling circuits (central locking system chains), and also ensures that the cart is oriented on the rail and along the track axis.

The mechanism for adjusting the gap between the electromagnet and the surface of the rail head is made with the possibility of changing the position of the supports (rollers, tracks) in height to provide an opportunity to further increase the efficiency of the demagnetization of the rail due to the ability to adjust the natural frequency of the oscillating circuit of the capacitor electromagnetic battery corresponding to the frequency of the AC voltage source. The calculated optimum clearance may vary depending on the parameters of the rail, wear, etc.

A flip handle can be attached to the device’s frame (trolley) to change its direction of movement to the opposite without turning it around, which makes it possible to carry out several demagnetization cycles with direct and reverse movement of the device along the axis of the railway track for more efficient demagnetization of the rail head than in the prototype. The handle can be fixed with a bolt. At the same time, the remote control for controlling the control unit can be fixed on the rocker handle. An additional ammeter can be installed on the remote control for the operator to control resonance parameters and for use when setting the magnetic gap of the inductor (air gap between the rail head and the magnet of the electromagnet) for the lowest current consumption in order to ensure the resonant mode of operation of the installation.

The device may contain additional hinged handles for its manual carrying, mounted on the frame.

The frame (frame) can be made of aluminum or stainless steel or of paramagnetic steel of the austenitic class to effectively reduce magnetic flux shunting.

As an alternating voltage source, a generator or a battery pack provided with an inverter for generating alternating voltage can be used.

Each support preferably comprises a flange for mounting on a rail and may be provided with a stopper. Due to the presence of mechanical stops, spontaneous movement of the trolley is prevented, which increases the safety of its use.

The electromagnet can be made in the form of a copper wire of rectangular cross-section on a textolite frame placed on a U-shaped core. It is also possible the execution of the core of the U-shaped. The core is made with beveled edges at a slope of 1: 4 to ensure uneven magnitude of magnetic induction.

The control unit should preferably be placed in a protective housing, which protects the electrical equipment of the device from weathering and accidental contact with live circuits.

The control unit can be connected to the generator with a cable with a quick-connect, which allows for quick disconnection of the generator for transportation of the device.

Additionally, the device may include a fan for cooling the windings of the electromagnet of the device during its operation.

Brief Description of the Drawings

The claimed utility model is illustrated by the following drawings:

FIG. 1 is a general drawing of the design of a device for demagnetizing a rail;

FIG. 2 is a drawing of a device for demagnetizing a rail, straight view;

FIG. 3 is a drawing of a device for demagnetizing a rail, a top view;

FIG. 4 - arrangement of two unlinked devices for demagnetization of a rail on a railway track, straight view;

FIG. 5 is a layout diagram of two unlinked devices for demagnetizing a rail on a railway track, a top view;

FIG. 6 is a diagram of an arrangement of two coupled devices for demagnetizing a rail on a railway track, straight view;

FIG. 7 is a diagram of an arrangement of two coupled devices for demagnetizing a rail on a railway track, top view;

FIG. 8 - distribution of the magnetic field in space.

The positions in the drawings indicate the following elements:

1 - aluminum frame,

2 - generator

3 - control unit,

4 - battery matching capacitors,

5 - electromagnet,

6 - rollers,

7 - fan

8 - flip handle

9 - remote control

10 - folding handle for carrying.

The device for demagnetization of the rail, made in the form of a trolley, contains an aluminum frame 1 on which a generator 2 is mounted, a control unit 3 connected to it, a matching capacitor battery 4 connected to the generator 2 through a control unit 3, an electromagnet 5, and also rollers 6, fixed below on the frame 1 on both sides of the electromagnet 5 for installation on rails. The electromagnet 5 is connected to the generator 2 through the control unit 3. The device contains a mechanism for adjusting the gap between the electromagnet 5 and the surface of the rail head, as well as a fan 7 and a rocker handle 8 for changing the direction of its movement with the remote control 9 for remote control of the control unit 3 and hinged handles 10 for carrying. Each roller 6 is equipped with a stopper.

Utility Model Implementation

Using one trolley to demagnetize one rail

A generator 2 is installed on the seats in the mounting grooves of the carriage frame, fixed with clamps to the frame 1 (frame), then it is filled with fuel.

An electromagnet 5 is connected. A limiting resistor is installed on the capacitor unit 4 to limit the charge current of the capacitors when turned on.

Hinged handles 10 are mounted to the frame (frame) 1.

Set the trolley on the railway track, observing the location of the electromagnet 5 relative to the track. Connect the power cable to the generator 2 and connect the control unit 3. Connect the fan 7.

Start the generator 2, controlling the inclusion of the corresponding indicator on the remote. Turn on the fan 7. Start the operation of the trolley on the remote control 9. Make sure that the operating current of the trolley is within the required range of 0-5 A using the ammeter on the remote control 9. If the operating current exceeds 5 A, the working gap is adjusted to the optimum value (for example, 3 to 10 mm). To do this, loosen the mounting bolts of the support (roller) to the housing and set the clearance by rotating the thrust screws, achieving the minimum value of the operating current.

After turning on the trolley, the electromagnet 5 generates an alternating magnetic field that gradually decreases along the rail. The magnitude of the generated magnetic induction in the area of the magnetic core of the electromagnet is 200-1000 mT with an initial rail magnetization of 1-10 mT.

The pressing of the flanges of the rollers 6 mounted on the frame on both sides of the electromagnet 5 is provided by the attractive force of the electromagnet 5 and the weight of the trolley.

The cart is rolled by one person along the working path with the minimum possible speed of 5 km / h (speed is determined by the time of work). When the trolley operates in the magnetic gap, a rapid change in the polarity of the magnetic field occurs with a decreasing amplitude, which eliminates the foci of magnetization in the rail material. The width of the demagnetization zone is characterized by a gradient of decreasing magnetic induction.

To further increase the processing efficiency, you can repeat the operation several times, moving in the forward and reverse direction. To change the direction of work to the opposite without turning the trolley, the handle 8 is thrown on the axis and fixed with a bolt.

When working in the event of clogging of the air gaps with metal debris located on the tracks along the rail line, they are cleaned by turning off the trolley and mechanically cleaning the air gap. Then work continues.

After the demagnetization is completed, the final magnetization of the rail is 0.05-0.1 mT. The trolley is turned off by pressing the corresponding button on the control panel 9. Then let the generator 2 run idle to cool the electromagnet 5 with a blower fan 7. The degree of cooling is controlled by the temperature of the outlet air. After that, turn off the generator 2 and disconnect the power cable. The generator is removed from the frame 1 of the trolley, the trolley and the generator 2 are removed from the rail track.

The use of two trolleys coupled together by a rigid bundle to demagnetize the left and right rails simultaneously

Install two similar carts on the railway track, observing the location of the magnets 5 relative to the track. A fastening device is installed (rigid ligament). Check the position of the handles.

Each trolley has an individual remote control 9, which is controlled separately.

Start the generators 2, control the inclusion of the corresponding indicator on the consoles 9. Start the work of the carts on the consoles 9.

Make sure that the operating current of the bogies is within the required limits for ammeters.

After switching on two coupled trolleys, they are rolled by one person along the working path with the lowest possible speed up to 5 km / h.

After the demagnetization is complete, the carriage is turned off, the generator 2 is allowed to idle to cool the electromagnet 5 by the blower fan 7. Then, the generator 2 is turned off and the power cable is disconnected. Separate the carts by removing the rigid bundle, remove the generators 2 from the frames of the carts, removing the clips, and remove the carts and generators 2 from the path.

When using the claimed device (trolley), the rail head is demagnetized by an alternating damped magnetic field when the electromagnet moves along the axis of the track. The device creates a magnetic field distributed in space, as shown in FIG. 8. When moving the device along the axis 0-X (see Fig. 8), the magnetic field at the point of the rail first increases and then decreases. Demagnetization is carried out with a smooth decrease in the magnetic field. Smooth transition determines the maximum speed of movement.

The magnetization of rails is characterized by the value of magnetic induction, which decreases from 5 mT to a standard value of 0.7 mT.

All parameters of the magnetic field are selected in order to maximize the demagnetization of the rail, taking into account the following condition: the width of the magnetic circuit must be consistent in width with the width of the rail head, and the magnitude of the generated magnetic induction (from 200 to 1000 mT in the area of the magnetic circuit of the electromagnet) is significantly (tenfold) must exceed the own magnetization of the rail (1-10 mT).

Example 1

To demagnetize one rail made of M47 steel, one trolley was used with the following parameters:

- the frame (frame) is made of steel 17X18H9 or 12X18H10T, or 55G9N9X3, or 50G184;

- dimensions of the trolley - 900 × 1940 × 1070 mm;

- dimensions of the electric generator 650 × 500 × 470 mm;

- dimensions of the capacitor bank 600 × 400 × 245 mm;

- dimensions of the electric control cabinet 300 × 300 × 120 mm;

- the gap between the electromagnet and the surface of the rail head is from 5 to 10 mm;

- weight of the trolley - 120 kg.

Rail demagnetization process parameters:

- initial magnetization of the rail - 1 mT;

- the speed of the cart - 5 km / h;

- generator power of the trolley - 2.8 kW,

- power supply - 220 V.

- working temperature of the electromagnet - 150 ° С

- the magnitude of the generated magnetic induction in the area of the magnetic core of the electromagnet is from 200 mT in the outer zone of the electromagnet to 1000 mT in its inner zone;

- the frequency of the alternating magnetic field generated by the trolley electromagnet - 50 Hz;

- the air gap between the electromagnet and the surface of the rail head is from 5 mm;

- final magnetization of the rail - 0.1 MT.

When operating in the resonant mode, the current was 3 A, while the current flowing through the resonant circuit circuits was 47 A. Thus, the most efficient operation of the device was achieved with the minimum dimensions of the cart and its elements.

For demagnetization, 50 magnetization reversal cycles were performed; accordingly, the time spent on the rail in the demagnetization zone should be about 1 second.

Example 2

We used two carts, coupled to each other in one device with a rigid bundle, with the following parameters:

- dimensions of the trolley: 1830 × 1940 × 1070;

- the weight of two trolleys - 240 kg;

- the gap between the electromagnet and the surface of the rail head is 10 mm.

Rail demagnetization process parameters:

- initial magnetization of the rail - 10 mT;

- the speed of the cart - 4 km / h;

- generator power on each trolley 2.5 kW;

- power supply - 220 V;

- working temperature of the electromagnet - up to 200 ° C;

- the magnitude of the generated magnetic induction in the area of the magnetic core of the electromagnet is from 200 mT in the outer zone of the electromagnet to 1000 mT in its inner zone;

- the frequency of the alternating magnetic field generated by the electromagnet is 50 Hz;

- the air gap between the electromagnet and the surface of the rail head is 10 mm;

- final magnetization of the rail - 0.05 MT.

For demagnetization, 50 magnetization reversal cycles were performed; accordingly, the demagnetization time was about 1 second.

Thus, the claimed stand-alone resonant-demagnetizing device with a continuous operation without connecting to an electric network ensures safe operation on a railway with a butt or jointless track structure.

Claims (14)

1. A device for demagnetizing a rail, comprising a frame on which an AC voltage source and a control unit connected to it are installed, as well as an AC electromagnet and a matching capacitor battery that are connected to the AC voltage source through the control unit, while the device contains supports for it installation and movement on rails, mounted on the frame on both sides of the electromagnet, and a mechanism for adjusting the gap between the electromagnet and the surface of the rail head, characterized in that the frame is made of paramagnetic material, and the supports are made of electrically insulating material. 2. A device for demagnetizing a rail according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises means for connecting to another similar device for demagnetizing a rail. 3. A device for demagnetizing a rail according to claim 1, characterized in that caterpillars or rollers are used as supports for moving on rails. 4. A device for demagnetizing a rail according to claim 1, characterized in that a flip handle is attached to the frame to change the direction of movement of the device with a remote control for controlling the control unit. 5. The device for the demagnetization of the rail according to claim 4, characterized in that the flip handle is configured to change the direction of operation of the device to the opposite without turning the device. 6. The device for the demagnetization of the rail according to claim 1, characterized in that the frame is made of aluminum or paramagnetic steel of austenitic class. 7. A device for demagnetizing a rail according to claim 1, characterized in that a generator or a battery pack equipped with an inverter for producing an alternating voltage is used as an alternating voltage source. 8. The device for the demagnetization of the rail according to claim 1, characterized in that the electromagnet is made in the form of a copper wire on a textolite frame placed on a U-shaped or W-shaped core with beveled edges. 9. The device for the demagnetization of the rail according to claim 8, characterized in that the slope of the beveled edges of the core is 1: 4. 10. The device for the demagnetization of the rail according to claim 1, characterized in that the supports are made of electrically insulating material - caprolon or textolite, or fiberglass. 11. The device for the demagnetization of the rail according to claim 1, characterized in that the mechanism for adjusting the gap between the electromagnet and the surface of the rail head is configured to change the height of the supports. 12. The device for the demagnetization of the rail according to claim 1, characterized in that each support is equipped with a stopper. 13. A device for demagnetizing a rail according to claim 1, characterized in that a flange is made on each support for mounting it on the rail.

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