RU193446U1 - CLIMATE INSTALLATION OF ELECTRIC BUS - Google Patents

Abstract

A climate unit for a wheeled passenger vehicle driven by electric energy stored by a storage battery is proposed, configured to operate in air cooling mode in a vehicle or in air heating mode in a vehicle and with the ability to switch between these modes. The air conditioning system includes a chiller subsystem, a liquid coolant subsystem and a control subsystem. The chiller subsystem includes a closed circuit formed by the compressor, its output connected by a pipeline to the input of the condenser, which by its output is connected by a pipe to the input of the throttle device, which by its output is connected by a pipe to the input of the evaporator, which by its output is connected by a pipe to the input of the compressor, with the possibility of passage on the specified closed refrigerant circuit in the direction from the compressor through the condenser to the evaporator and further to the compressor without changes Direction of movement. The liquid coolant subsystem includes at least two pumps, coolant supply pipes and return pipes, control valves, at least one air cooler, at least one air heater and at least one heat exchanger, configured to form a cooling mode circuit and a heating mode circuit with passing through them a liquid coolant. The control subsystem includes a control device and temperature sensors, and the control device is configured to switch the operating mode of the air conditioner from heating mode to cooling mode and from cooling mode to heating mode by forming respectively a cooling mode circuit or a heating mode circuit by switching control valves. The chiller subsystem, the coolant subsystem and the control subsystem are located in a single housing installed on the roof of the specified vehicle. A feature of the claimed air conditioner is that each of the internal heat exchangers is a heat exchange device that functions either as a cooler or as a supply air heater, depending on whether the current operating mode of the air conditioner is a cooling mode or a heating mode. The chiller subsystem, the coolant subsystem and the control subsystem are located in a single housing installed on the roof of the specified vehicle. 4 s.p. f-ly, 2 ill.

Description

FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY

This utility model relates to climate control devices that provide the required air parameters in public transport, in particular in wheeled vehicles of medium and high passenger capacity, driven by electricity stored in a battery.

BACKGROUND

Passenger public transport plays a key role in ensuring the livelihoods of both individual settlements and the regions as a whole. This role is to ensure the coherence of individual territories, that is, the possibility for a resident of a given territory (quarter, district, district, city) to reliably and regularly move to any other territory inside the city and back in a known time. In megacities, a properly designed public transport route network allows hundreds of thousands and millions of passengers to move daily from their place of residence to their place of work and back without spending an unpredictable amount of time waiting in traffic jams. In smaller settlements, passenger public transport may be the only guaranteed means of travel over distances that are pedestrian accessible.

Specialists in the planning of passenger transport systems are well aware of the concept of transport fatigue, when due to a long stay in uncomfortable conditions of passenger transport, a passenger begins to feel a breakdown, malaise, as a result of which, when he is in the workplace, he experiences a decrease in working capacity, which ultimately affects productivity labor. And if the length of stay in the transport is determined, in fact, by the existing route network, the layout of the road network and, sometimes, weather conditions, then the comfort of a passenger in the public transport compartment largely depends on the design of the vehicle itself. One of the indicators of the comfort of being in transport is the possibility of ensuring a comfortable temperature in accordance with the season of the year, as well as the possibility of ventilation of the cabin (that is, essentially, ensuring the necessary oxygen content in the air filling the cabin). In this regard, special attention is paid to climate systems that provide the above characteristics. In addition to the requirements for the effectiveness of climate control, ensuring the necessary temperature difference inside the cabin relative to the outside temperature (in particular, reducing or leveling the temperature difference along the height of the vehicle’s internal volume), such installations must meet the requirement of compactness, since it is obvious that it is the most efficient for the passenger , and for the carrier there will be such a unit of passenger public transport, in which in a given volume without loss of comfort it becomes possible to transport the maximum number of passengers.

For vehicles moving due to the operation of the internal combustion engine (ICE), the task of heating the passenger compartment and the driver's cab is usually solved by using heat exchangers with fans. An internal combustion engine coolant circulates inside such heat exchangers, which heats up during engine operation. Heat exchangers with fans are installed both in the driver’s area and in the passenger compartment, usually on the floor. If there is no need for heating, the heat from the engine is discharged into the environment and is not used. The air is cooled due to the operation of the air conditioning system, in which the refrigerant vapor is compressed by a refrigeration compressor, working, for example, due to the rotation energy received from the shaft of the internal combustion engine, and then through the corresponding pipelines to the condenser, where they are cooled and condensed due to heat dissipation by outside air supplied by the corresponding fan. After the condenser, the flow of refrigerant through the thermostatic valve with a corresponding pressure drop enters the evaporator, where the liquid phase of the refrigerant evaporates, which creates the conditions for heat removal from the supply air passing through the evaporator, which is then supplied to the driver and passengers.

The design of electric passenger public transport, which receives energy from the contact network when driving along the entire route (trams, trolleybuses), does not provide for the presence of coolant that could be used to heat the passenger compartment, as is done in vehicles with ICE. Instead, heaters are used that directly convert electrical energy into heat, such as thermoelectric heaters.

However, the approach described above becomes extremely ineffective when it comes to wheeled vehicles of medium and high passenger capacity, driven by electricity stored in a battery (the so-called electric buses). Such units of urban passenger transport do not have a connection to a centralized power supply system and work only due to the battery energy stored during the parking of the electric bus. On the one hand, the production of thermal energy is possible only with the use of electric energy used to set the electric bus in motion; on the other hand, the non-optimal use of the stored energy of the batteries for the operation of the climate system primarily affects the range of the electric bus.

A well-known air-conditioning and heating solution for conditions of limited energy consumption is the use of a chiller cycle with a heat pump, when the air for the driver and passengers in the cabin is heated by the air conditioning system, in which the refrigerant vapor is compressed by a refrigeration compressor, operating, for example, due to energy rotation received from the electric motor. Then the vapors pass through the corresponding pipelines to the heat exchanger of the chiller, which served as an evaporator and cooled the air during operation in cooling mode (an internal heat exchanger acting as a condenser when operating in the heat pump mode), where they are cooled and condensed due to heat removal by the mixture of flows external air and air from the passenger compartment or the cabin supplied by the corresponding fan, respectively, to the passenger compartment or the vehicle cabin as treated heated spirit for heating. After the internal heat exchanger, the flow of refrigerant through the thermostatic valve enters the heat exchanger of the chiller, in the cooling mode it acts as a condenser (an external heat exchanger that acts as an evaporator in the heat pump mode), due to the throttling of the refrigerant flows through the openings of the seat of the thermostatic expansion valve and the corresponding pressure drop in The external heat exchanger evaporates the liquid phase of the refrigerant, as a result of which conditions are created for heat removal from ohodyaschego through an external heat exchanger of the air environment.

The application of this well-known principle of air conditioning requires the installation of bulky ducts for air distribution in the area of accommodation for the driver and passengers, which is impractical from the point of view of using the usable volume and floor area of the vehicle. In addition, if you do not ensure the supply of treated air down, there will be a noticeable temperature difference in height of the internal volume of the vehicle, since the air above will be warmed up and the air below will be cold.

A more suitable solution is to use an additional, more compact compared to air (gas) medium for heat transfer - a liquid heat carrier, which can be prepared to the necessary conditions and transferred to additional devices capable of bringing air to parameters that are comfortable for passengers to stay in during the heat exchange, according to compact pipelines.

A technical solution is known for providing a comfortable climate in the cabin of a wheeled vehicle driven by electric energy stored by a storage battery (CN104279800, publication date 01/14/2015), in which the air conditioning system includes two subsystems: a chiller subsystem and a coolant subsystem. The chiller subsystem includes a compressor, a condenser, a filter drier, a valve, a throttle device, an evaporator connected in series with the formation of a closed loop by pipelines with refrigerant. The coolant subsystem includes pumping equipment connected by pipelines to the coolant, heat exchangers, controlled control valves for the distribution of coolant flows. Part of the coolant subsystem passes through the condenser of the subsystem of the chiller, which ensures heat exchange between the refrigerant and the coolant. The temperature change in the vehicle is regulated by switching the coolant flow to the cooling or heating branch. In this case, air heating in the vehicle is ensured by its heat exchange in the heat exchanger with the heat carrier passing through the condenser, with a corresponding change in the position of the control valves.

The disadvantage of this solution is the implementation of cooling only by heat exchange between the refrigerant and air from the cooled volume. Because of this, in the case of the use of such a design in passenger public transport, there is a need for additional air ducts, in particular, to the driver's cab, which is not possible to implement due to the design features of public passenger transport.

A technical solution is known (US2018162197, publication date 06/14/2018), in which the vehicle is cooled and heated by heat exchange between the air and the heat carrier. However, in this system, different heat exchangers are used for heating and cooling, which also will not allow to provide the required compactness of the installation if it is used in passenger public transport.

ESSENCE OF A USEFUL MODEL

The problem, the solution of which the application of the proposed utility model is aimed at, is to ensure a comfortable stay for people in wheeled passenger public transport driven by electricity stored in a battery (electric bus).

The technical result achieved by the application of the proposed utility model is the maintenance of the specified climate parameters in the electric bus with the compactness of the air conditioning system to maximize the preservation of the useful volume of the vehicle and increasing the convenience of servicing the air conditioning system by placing all its main components in a single unit (monoblock), Roof mounted vehicle.

The problem is solved, and the claimed technical result is achieved by the fact that the climate system for a wheeled vehicle driven by electric energy stored by a battery, and serving as a unit of passenger public transport, is configured to operate in air cooling mode in a vehicle or in a mode heating the air in the vehicle, with the ability to switch between the specified modes, and includes the chiller subsystem, subscription he heat transfer fluid and management subsystem. The chiller subsystem includes a closed loop formed by the compressor, its output connected by a pipeline to the input of the condenser, which by its output is connected by a pipe to the input of the throttle device, which by its output is connected by a pipe to the input of the evaporator, which by its output is connected by a pipe to the input of the compressor, with the possibility of passage on the specified closed refrigerant circuit in the direction from the compressor through the condenser to the evaporator and further to the compressor without changes Direction of movement.

The liquid coolant subsystem is configured to form a cooling mode loop and a heating mode loop with passage of the liquid coolant through them.

The cooling circuit includes:

a branch of the cooled coolant of the cooling mode circuit, comprising a first pump connected to a pipe inlet through an evaporator and connected to a first distribution valve to its first outlet, to which a first supply pipe connected to each of the internal heat exchangers by its outlet is connected, which by its output is connected to the inlet of the first return pipe, through its first branch connected to the second distribution valve, to which a second return pipe is connected with its input, connected to the input of the first pump by its output, and a branch of the heated coolant of the cooling circuit, containing a second pump, connected by its output to the input of the pipe passing through the condenser and connected to the third distribution valve, to which the input is connected to the second supply pipe, connected by its output to each of the inputs of the external heat exchanger (in which heat is transferred from the heat carrier to ambient air), which is connected by each of its outputs to the inlet of the third return pipe, connected by its output to the fourth distribution valve, to which the pipe is connected by its input, by its output connected to the fifth distribution valve, to which the fourth return pipe is connected by its input output connected to the input of the second pump.

 In addition, the first supply pipe is made with the possibility of connecting its output to the input / inputs of additional heat exchanging devices of the vehicle to provide a coolant to the additional heat transfer devices, and the first return pipe is made with the possibility of connecting its input to the outputs / outputs of additional heat exchanging devices of the vehicle .

The heating circuit includes

a branch of the heated coolant of the heating mode circuit, comprising a second pump connected to a pipe inlet through a condenser and connected to a third distribution valve to its outlet, to which a pipe is connected via its input and connected to a first supply pipe connected to each outlet by its output from internal heat exchangers, each of which with its output is connected to the input of the first return pipe, through its second branch connected to the fifth distribution valve, to which a fourth return pipe is connected at its inlet, connected with its output to the inlet of the second pump; and

a branch of the cooled coolant of the heating mode circuit, comprising a first pump connected to a pipe inlet through an evaporator and connected to a first distribution valve to its outlet, to which a pipe is connected via its input and connected to a second supply pipe connected to each outlet from the inputs of an external heat exchanger, which is connected by each of its outputs to the input of the third return pipe, connected by its output to the four mouth control valve to which is connected its input line, its output connected to the second control valve to which its input is connected a second return line, its output connected to the input of the first pump.

In addition, the first supply pipe is made with the possibility of connecting its output to the input / inputs of additional heat exchanging devices of the vehicle to provide a coolant to the additional heat transfer devices, and the first return pipe is made with the possibility of connecting its input to the outputs / outputs of additional heat exchanging devices of the vehicle .

The control subsystem includes a control device configured to process signals of a group of temperature sensors. The control device is configured to switch the operation mode of the air conditioner from the heating mode to the cooling mode and from the cooling mode to the heating mode by forming a cooling mode circuit or a heating mode circuit, respectively, by adjusting the corresponding valves based on temperature indicators obtained by the group of sensors. Each of the internal heat exchangers is a heat exchange device that functions as a chiller or supply air heater, depending on whether the current operating mode of the air conditioner is a heating mode or a cooling mode,

and the chiller subsystem, the coolant subsystem and the control subsystem are located in a single case (monoblock) installed on the roof of the specified vehicle.

 In addition, if additional vehicle heat exchangers are connected, these additional heat exchangers can also function as a chiller or supply air heater, depending on whether the current operating mode of the air conditioning system is a heating mode or a cooling mode.

The chiller subsystem may include a non-return valve placed after the compressor in front of the condenser, a receiver, a filter drier, a sight glass, a controlled valve placed in series between the condenser and the throttle device, and a liquid separator located after the evaporator in front of the compressor.

At least one supply fan can be placed near each of the air-conditioning heat exchangers, which directs the air to be conditioned to the heat exchanger. The number of fans depends, generally speaking, on their design, on the internal volume of the vehicle, on climatic conditions and other factors understood by a person skilled in the art.

  The necessary level of comfort of people in the vehicle is ensured by maintaining the required air temperature inside the vehicle and minimizing the temperature difference in height inside the vehicle. This implies the use of additional heat exchangers in the driver's cab and the passenger compartment. The implementation in this utility model of the possibility of connecting the supply and return pipelines to additional heat exchangers for supplying the heat carrier prepared to the required temperature conditions allows fulfilling the specified requirements.

The number of heat exchangers in which heat is exchanged between the air of the internal volume of the vehicle and the coolant may be different. As a rule, the internal volume of a passenger public transport unit is divided into two rooms: a driver’s cabin and a passenger compartment. In other embodiments, the driver's cab may not be completely separated from the passenger compartment. In any case, it is more preferable for the driver's cab to have its own heat exchanger located in the driver's cab. In addition, it is desirable that the number of heat exchangers for the passenger compartment be at least two.

Suitable openings may be provided for supplying outside air to the conditioned volume for treating recirculated air (that is, one that is taken from the conditioned volume) and / or for treating the mixture of outside and recirculated air in the bottom of the air conditioning system and in the ceiling of the vehicle.

The regulation of the flow of supplied external air and the processed recirculated air is preferably carried out by controlled dampers.

For air purification, air filters can be provided which are located in front of the heat exchangers along the air.

The control device of the control subsystem may include a processor, controller, memory unit, actuators (eg, relays), respectively interconnected. The control device is connected by data lines with all temperature sensors, as well as with the following components of the air conditioning system: with a compressor, with a converter, with fans, with valves, with pumps, with outside air dampers and with recirculated air dampers. The processor of the control device is configured to process the received data from temperature sensors and with the ability to send commands to the controller for adjusting by the controlled components of the installation. This information is provided only for understanding the logic of the control subsystem. The principles and functions of the control device, as well as its composition, are obvious to a specialist in the field of technology and are not the subject of the claimed utility model.

To coordinate the electrical parameters of the consumers of electricity of the air conditioning system (compressor, pumps, fans, etc.) with the parameters of the power supply provided directly by the battery of the electric bus, an additional device can be used - a converter. Such a converter, as a rule, includes many electronic components, the effective operation of which can be difficult if the temperature of the converter exceeds a certain predetermined threshold value. Without the efficient operation of the converter, the operation of an air conditioner is impossible. Thus, the converter can be an additional device that needs cooling. To cool the converter in the air conditioner, appropriate additional pipelines can be provided for taking the coolant from the pump outlet and a second pipeline connected to the pipeline passing from the condenser outlet to the control valve. It is understood that the temperature of the heated coolant after the pump is in any case less than the threshold value of the temperature of the converter, due to which an additional factor is provided to prevent the failure of the converter and the entire air conditioning system as such. If the converter is not included in the vehicle configuration, it can be included in the air conditioning system with adequate cooling.

To ensure uninterrupted operation of the air conditioner in the event of a decrease in the outdoor temperature below a certain critical value, it may be possible to connect a diesel heater to the coolant subsystem.

Next, the utility model is explained in more detail with reference to the attached drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 illustrates an embodiment of a utility model when operating in air cooling mode.

Figure 2 illustrates an embodiment of a utility model when operating in air heating mode.

 DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF A USEFUL MODEL

The air conditioning system for a wheeled vehicle driven by electric energy stored in a battery and serving as a unit of public passenger transport includes a chiller subsystem, a coolant subsystem and a control subsystem.

The chiller subsystem includes a closed loop formed by the compressor (1), its output connected by a pipeline to the input of the condenser (3), which by its output is connected by a pipe to the input of the throttle device (8), which by its output is connected by a pipe to the input of the evaporator (9), which its output is connected by a pipeline to the compressor inlet (1). The specified closed loop contains refrigerant, which flows in the direction from the compressor through the condenser to the evaporator and then to the compressor without changing the direction of movement.

Optionally, the chiller subsystem may include a check valve (2) located after the compressor (1) in front of the condenser (3), a receiver (4), a filter drier (5), a sight glass (6), a controlled valve (7), sequentially between the condenser (3) and the throttle device (8), and the liquid separator (10) placed after the evaporator (9) in front of the compressor (1).

As a refrigerant, for example, refrigerant or other organic refrigerant can be used, however, the type of working substance used is not significant.

The coolant subsystem includes a cooling mode circuit and a heating mode circuit through which the coolant circulates.

As a heat carrier, for example, water, an aqueous solution of ethylene glycol or propylene glycol, oil, can be used, however, the type of working substance used is not significant.

The cooling mode circuit includes a branch of the cooled coolant of the cooling mode circuit, comprising a first pump (11), connected with its output to the inlet of the pipe passing through the evaporator (9) and connected to the first distribution valve (12), to which the first pipe is connected with its input feed passing through the control valves (13, 14) and connected by its outputs to internal heat exchangers (15, 16). The outputs of the internal heat exchangers (15, 16) are connected to the corresponding inputs of the first return pipe, through its first branch connected to the second distribution valve (40), to which the second return pipe is connected with its input, connected to the input of the first pump (11).

In addition, it is provided that it is possible to connect additional vehicle heat exchangers to the exits of the first supply pipeline through a control valve (17) in order to supply the heat carrier to the additional heat exchanger (18) located in the driver's cab, and the heat carrier can be removed from it through the first return pipeline.

Optionally, an expansion tank (35) may be provided along the path of the coolant through the first return pipe.

The heat transfer subsystem also includes controllable supply fans (19, 20, 21, 22) located near the heat exchangers (15, 16) that provide air flow in the respective heat exchangers.

Air filters (23, 24) are located up to the air coolers along the air flow, designed to clean the passing air stream.

To control the flow of recirculated air, i.e., air from the air-conditioned volume supplied by the supply fans to the heat exchangers, controllable air recirculation air flaps of the passenger compartment are provided (25, 27).

In the case of connecting additional heat exchanging devices, for example, a heat exchanger of the driver’s cabin (18), the flow of recirculated air is also regulated by means of a controlled recirculation air damper of the driver’s cabin (29).

The flow of external air drawn from outside from the surrounding space and supplied by supply fans to the heat exchangers is controlled by means of controlled external air dampers of the passenger compartment (26, 28).

In the case of connecting additional heat exchangers, for example, a heat exchanger of the driver’s cabin (18), adjustment of the flow of outdoor air drawn from outside from the outside and supplied by supply fans to the heat exchangers is also carried out by means of a controlled external damper of the driver’s cabin (30).

The cooling mode circuit also includes a branch of the heated coolant of the cooling mode circuit, which contains a second pump (36), connected with its output to the inlet of the pipeline passing through the condenser (3) and connected to the third distribution valve (37), to which it is connected with its input a second supply pipe connected by its outlet to each of the inputs of the external heat exchanger (53), which is blown by fans (38). An external heat exchanger (53) is connected with each of its outputs to the inlet of the third return pipe, through which the coolant enters the expansion tank (39) and then to the fourth distribution valve (41), to which a pipe is connected with its inlet and connected to the fifth distribution valve with its output (42), to which a fourth return pipe is connected at its inlet, connected at its output to the inlet of the second pump (36).

The heating mode circuit includes a branch of the heated coolant of the heating mode circuit, comprising a second pump (36), connected with its output to the inlet of the pipeline passing through the condenser (3) and connected with its output to the third distribution valve (37), to which the pipeline is connected with its input, connected with its output to the first supply pipe, connected with its output through control valves (13, 14) with internal heat exchangers (15, 16), each of which is connected with its output to the input of the first a brother pipeline, through its second branch connected to the fifth distribution valve (42), to which a fourth return pipe is connected at its input, connected to the input of the second pump (36) by its output.

Optionally, additional heaters - heat exchangers (18, 44, 46) with corresponding supply fans (45, 47, 50) can be connected to the branch of the heated coolant of the heating mode circuit. These additional heaters are connected to the first coolant supply pipe via pipelines passing through the control valves (47, 48, 49), and to the first return pipe via corresponding pipelines.

The heating mode circuit also includes a branch of the cooled coolant of the heating mode circuit, comprising a first pump (11) connected by its output to the inlet of the pipe passing through the evaporator (9) and connected to the first distribution valve (12) by its output, to which the pipe is connected by its input connected by its output to a second supply pipe connected by its output to each of the inputs of the external heat exchanger (53), which by each of its outputs is connected to the input of the third return pipe a wire through which the coolant enters the expansion tank (39) and then to the fourth distribution valve (41), to which a pipe is connected at its input, connected to a second distribution valve (40) with its output, to which a second return pipe is connected with its input output connected to the input of the first pump (11).

Optionally, the air conditioning system may include additional piping to provide cooling for the converter (43). One such additional pipeline is designed to select the coolant from the pump outlet (36) and direct it to the converter (43), and the second additional pipeline is designed to divert the coolant heated up after heat exchange with the converter (43) to the outlet of the condenser (3).

Optionally, the air conditioning system may include, in addition to the specified additional pipelines, the converter itself (43) if this is not provided for by the vehicle design.

The control subsystem (31) includes a control device configured to process the readings of a group of temperature sensors and make decisions based on the readings of these sensors.

A group of temperature sensors must have at least the following sensors:

 recirculation temperature sensor (32), installed in the recirculated air stream at the inlet to the air conditioning system and to the recirculated air dampers (25) and (27);

 supply air temperature sensors (33, 34), placed in the supply of treated air after the fans (19, 20, 21, 22) and before leaving the air conditioning unit in an air-conditioned volume;

 a coolant supply temperature sensor (51) installed in the first supply pipe;

 a return temperature sensor for the coolant (52) installed in the first return pipe.

Optionally, temperature sensors, in addition to the above, can be installed to measure air temperature and / or measure the temperature of the coolant in other places. For example, the recirculation temperature sensor can be installed in a stream of recirculated air taken from the driver’s cabin, at the entrance to the air conditioning system and up to the recirculated air damper (29) of the driver’s cabin. An outside temperature sensor can also be installed in front of the outside air damper (27) or (28).

The control subsystem is connected by appropriate communication lines with all controlled equipment of the air conditioning system, as well as with additional elements.

The control device of the control subsystem receives data from a group of temperature sensors and, depending on the received data, forms a cooling mode circuit or a heating mode circuit by switching the corresponding valves and supplying signals for turning on / off the corresponding equipment. Thus, the control device of the control subsystem provides switching the operating mode of the air conditioner from heating mode to cooling mode and from cooling mode to heating mode.

All the above components of the air conditioning system, including the chiller subsystem, the coolant subsystem and the control subsystem, are located in a single housing.

Additional heat exchangers (18, 44, 46) with corresponding fans (50, 45, 47), placed outside a single housing, can be connected to the air conditioning system by means of control valves (17, 48, 49) and pipelines to and from them.

Internal heat exchangers (15, 16) are heat exchangers that, depending on the operating mode of the air conditioning system, serve as coolers or as air heaters.

The first supply pipe, the second supply pipe, the first, second, third and fourth return pipelines are used both in heating mode and in cooling mode, which avoids the need to use additional pipelines for each of the operating modes.

The proposed layout of the climate system makes much more efficient use of space due to the use of heat exchangers and pipelines both in cooling mode and in heating mode without increasing the number of elements and makes the climate system more compact. The application of the claimed climate system allows to ensure compliance with the requirements of compactness, due to the features of the application and operation of passenger transport.

In addition, the implementation of the placement of all key components in a single housing (monoblock) allows to simplify the installation process on the vehicle: the monoblock is installed by simple lifting and attaching to the body, while the analog solutions involve the installation of individual elements of the chiller and the hydraulic circuit with distribution for a vehicle, which complicates the production process of assembling a vehicle. In case of failure of analogues of the claimed utility model, their repair with a high degree of probability will require the dismantling of other equipment and / or structural elements of the vehicle. In contrast, the claimed utility model allows you to replace the entire candybar than to save time returning the vehicle to operation.

The air conditioning system operates as follows.

In the chiller subsystem, refrigerant vapors are compressed by a compressor (1) and piped through a non-return valve (2) to a condenser (3), in which they are cooled and condensed by heat exchange with a coolant flow also circulating through the condenser (3). From the condenser (3), liquid refrigerant is piped through the receiver (4), the filter drier (5), the sight glass (6), the controlled valve (7), the throttle device (8) enter the evaporator (9). In the evaporator (9), due to the throttling of the refrigerant flow through the orifice of the variable cross-section of the throttle device (8) and the corresponding pressure drop, the liquid phase of the refrigerant is boiled off with a decrease in its temperature and heat is removed from the heat carrier circulating through the evaporator (9). From the evaporator (9), superheated refrigerant vapors pass through the pipeline to the liquid separator (10), which protects the compressor (1) from the ingress of liquid refrigerant particles in the event of their incomplete boiling in the evaporator (9), and through the pipeline enter the compressor (1), where are compressed and the cycle repeats.

When operating in cooling mode, that is, if it is necessary to supply passengers and the driver with chilled air, the air conditioning system operates in accordance with the scheme shown in figure 1.

Based on the analysis of data received from temperature sensors, the control device of the control subsystem regulates the status of control valves (13, 14), as well as distribution valves (12, 37, 40, 41, 42), thereby forming a cooling circuit. The control subsystem can also control the control valves (17.48.49), which are equipped with additional vehicle heat exchangers.

As a result, the coolant in the branch of the cooled coolant of the cooling circuit is moved by the pump (11) through the evaporator (9) through the pipeline to the first distribution valve (12), which sets the direction of movement of the coolant depending on the operating mode. From the first distribution valve (12) through the first supply pipe, the coolant flows through the control valves (13) and (14) to the internal heat exchangers (15) and (16), which perform the function of air coolers in this operating mode.

Optionally, the coolant also enters through the control valve (17) into the heat exchange device of the driver's cab.

In internal heat exchangers (15, 16) that perform the function of air coolers in this mode, heat is exchanged between the coolant passing through the evaporator (9) of the refrigerating machine and the air flow created by the supply fans (19, 20, 21, 22).

A similar process occurs in additional heat exchangers that can be connected to the installation. The air flow in this case is a mixture of recirculated air and outdoor air. Recirculation air is taken from the passenger compartment of the vehicle through an opening in the bottom of the air conditioning system and a corresponding opening in the structural element of the vehicle.

In case of connecting the heat exchanger (18) of the driver’s cab, recirculated air can also be taken from the driver’s cab through the openings located under the control panel of the vehicle.

Outside air is taken from outside, "from the street", through the corresponding openings. The ratio of recirculation and outdoor air is regulated using controlled dampers (25, 27) of the recirculated air of the passenger compartment, controlled dampers (26, 28) of the outside air of the passenger compartment. In the process of heat exchange, the air is cooled to the required temperature and fed to the vehicle interior. Also, the air is cleaned by passing through air filters (23) and (24) installed to the internal heat exchangers (15, 16) along the air.

Passing through internal heat exchangers (15, 16), the heat carrier removes heat from the air passing through them, heats up and then passes through pipelines leaving the heat exchangers (15.16) and, in general, forming the first return pipe, to the pump inlet (11), passing including through the expansion tank (35). After combining the coolant flows from the heat exchangers, the coolant passes through the first branch of the first return pipe to the second distribution valve (40), from which it flows through the second return pipe to the inlet of the first pump (11), with a cyclic repetition of the circulation along the described circuit.

In the case of connecting additional heat exchangers, for example, (18), a similar process takes place in them.

In parallel with the described process, in the branch of the heated coolant of the cooling mode circuit, the coolant is transported by the second pump (36) through the pipeline through the condenser (3) to the third distribution valve (37), which is in the position ensuring the direction of the coolant to the external heat exchanger (53). After the third distribution valve (37), the coolant passes through the second supply pipe and enters the input (s) of the external heat exchanger (53), where the heat received from the coolant from the refrigerant in the condenser (3) is transferred to the ambient air flow generated by the fans (38), the number of which may vary. From the external heat exchanger (53), the cooled coolant through the third return pipe enters the expansion tank (39), from where it enters the fourth distribution valve (41), from which the heat carrier flows further through the pipeline to the fifth distribution valve (42) and then through the fourth non-return valve pipeline - to the inlet of the second pump (36) with cyclic repetition of circulation along the described circuit.

If additional heat exchangers (44) and (46) are connected to the system during operation in cooling mode, valves (48) and (49) remain closed, as a result of which the cooled coolant does not flow to the heat exchangers (44) and (46) of additional heaters, installed in the passenger compartment of the vehicle, and the fans (45, 47) of additional heaters do not turn on. Generally speaking, the number of additional heaters is not significant and may vary depending on the type of vehicle. 1, for illustrative purposes, one heater is shown on each side of the vehicle.

Thus, due to the operation of the refrigerating machine and intermediate heat exchangers, the process of supplying chilled supply air and taking heat from the air inside the cabin and the cabin is realized with lowering its temperature to the required value and discharging this heat through intermediate media - heat carrier and refrigerant - into the environment.

When operating in heating mode, that is, if it is necessary to supply heated air to passengers and the driver, the air conditioner operates in accordance with the circuit shown in FIG. 2.

According to the analysis of data received from temperature sensors, the control device of the control subsystem regulates the state of the control valves (13, 14) and control valves (12, 37, 40, 41, 42), thereby forming a heating mode circuit,

As a result, the coolant in the branch of the heated coolant of the heating mode circuit is pumped by the second pump (36) through the condenser (3) through the pipeline to the third distribution valve (37), which sets the direction of movement of the coolant depending on the operating mode. From the third distribution valve (37), through the outlet connected to the first supply pipe, the coolant flows through the control valves to the internal heat exchangers (15, 16), which in this operating mode are air heaters. The coolant enters the internal heat exchangers (15) and (16) of the air conditioning unit through the control valves (13) and (14). In air heaters (15, 16), heat is exchanged between the coolant that received heat from the refrigerant in the condenser (3) and the air stream created by the supply fans (19, 20, 21, 22). The air flow in this case is a mixture of recirculated air and outdoor air.

Recirculated air is taken from the passenger compartment of the vehicle through an opening, for example, in the bottom of an air conditioner, and a corresponding opening in the structural element of the vehicle.

Optionally, if the driver’s cabin heat exchanger (18) is connected, heat exchange takes place between the heat carrier that received heat from the refrigerant in the condenser (3) and the air stream created by the fan (50) of the driver’s additional cabin heat exchanger. In addition, recirculated air can also be taken from the driver’s cab through openings located under the vehicle’s control panel.

 Outside air is taken from outside, "from the street", through the corresponding openings. The ratio of recirculation and outdoor air is regulated using controlled dampers (25, 27) of the recirculated air of the passenger compartment, controlled dampers (26, 28) of the outside air of the passenger compartment.

 Optionally, the ratio of recirculation to outside air can also be adjusted using the controlled dampers (29) of the recirculated air in the driver’s cab, the controlled dampers (30) of the outside air in the driver’s cab.

In the process of heat exchange, the air is heated to the required temperature and is supplied to the passenger compartment of the vehicle and / or to the driver's cab. Also, the air is cleaned by passing through the air filters (23) and (24) installed to the heat exchangers (15, 16) along the air.

In the case of connecting additional heat exchangers (18, 44, 46) to the installation, the coolant enters through the control valve (17), and to the heat exchangers of the additional heaters (44) and (46), for example the passenger compartment, through the control valves (48) and (49).

In addition, optionally, the control valves (48) and (49) can be opened, and then in the heat exchangers (44) and (46) of the vehicle’s additional heaters, heat is transferred from the coolant to the passenger compartment air driven by fans (45) and (47 ) through heat exchangers. In this case, there is no mixture of outside air, and cleaning, as a rule, is not performed. Air heating in the area where additional devices are located allows for a comfortable temperature difference along the height of the vehicle, which is one of the criteria for comfortable conditions for people to stay in it.

The heat carrier passing through the heat exchangers listed above gives off heat to the air passing through them, is cooled and supplied through pipelines leaving the heat exchangers, including one of which passes through an expansion tank (35). These pipelines essentially form a first return pipe, which, after combining the coolant flows, is connected through its second branch to the fifth distribution valve (42). From the fifth distribution valve (42), the coolant flows through the fourth return pipe to the inlet of the second pump (36), with a cyclic repetition of circulation.

In parallel with the described process, in the branch of the cooled coolant of the heating mode circuit, the coolant is transported by the first pump (11) through the pipeline through the evaporator (9) to the first distribution valve (12), which supplies the coolant towards the external heat exchanger (53). From the first distribution valve, the coolant is piped through its outlet to the second supply pipe and then through the second supply pipe to the external heat exchanger (53), in which the heating medium is heated by the flow of external air taken from the environment by fans (38) through the corresponding openings in the case of the air conditioner and passing through an external heat exchanger, and ejected through the corresponding holes in the case of the air conditioner back into environment. The heat carrier that received heat from the ambient air through the corresponding pipelines, essentially forming the third return pipe, enters through the expansion tank (39) into the fourth distribution valve (41) to the inlet of the first pump (11) through the pipeline connected to the valve (41) by its inlet, connected to the second distribution valve (40) with an output, to which a second return pipe is connected with its input, connected to the input of the first pump (11) with its output, with cyclic repetition of this branches.

Thus, due to the operation of the refrigeration machine and intermediate heat exchangers, the process of heat extraction from the ambient air and the transfer of this heat through intermediate media - the heat carrier and refrigerant - to the air of the passenger compartment and the driver's cabin with its heating to the required temperature are realized.

The air temperature during the operation of the air conditioner is controlled by air temperature meters (sensors) connected to the control subsystem (31). Temperature sensors allow the control subsystem to obtain information on the current values of air temperature - outdoor, recirculation and supply, supplied to the passenger compartment. The recirculation temperature sensors allow the power subsystem to estimate the temperature of the air inside the vehicle so that the control device can compare these values with the set value stored in the memory of the control device and switch the system equipment to the mode providing the supply of cooled or heated coolant to the internal heat exchangers (15 , 16), and, optionally, also through pipelines connecting the coolant subsystem to additional heat exchangers Sportna means depending on the difference between the desired and the actual temperature within the vehicle.

The supply air temperature sensors (33) and / or (34) allow the control subsystem to evaluate the temperature of the air supplied to the passenger compartment of the vehicle, compare it with the required value and give the necessary commands to achieve the desired value depending on the difference between the required and actual temperature of the supplied air , which, in turn, is controlled by monitoring the temperature of the supplied and return flow of the coolant, measured by temperature sensors (51) and (52).

A more preferred option for the management subsystem is as follows. The control subsystem, analyzing the air temperature in the passenger compartment or driver’s cabin according to the readings of the corresponding recirculation temperature sensor and the dynamics of this temperature, determines the required temperature of the supplied air to maintain the required temperature inside the air-conditioned volume with high accuracy. Depending on the ratio between the actual temperature of the air supplied to the vehicle and the calculated temperature, the mode and the required cooling or heating power are selected. The temperature of the supplied air can be controlled in various ways. For example, the temperature of the supplied air can be controlled by changing the fan speed of the corresponding heat exchanger and, accordingly, the air flow through it. The temperature of the supplied air can be controlled by changing the flow rate of the coolant, changing the speed of the pump. The temperature of the supplied air can also be controlled by changing the flow rate of the coolant, changing the degree of opening of the control valves of the respective heat exchangers. The temperature of the supplied air can be controlled by changing the temperature of the coolant, which is monitored by the temperature sensors of the coolant, and is controlled by changing the operating parameters of the compressor of the refrigeration machine. The compressor operation parameters can be changed by changing the frequency of rotation of the motor shaft using a frequency converter according to the corresponding signals of the control system. The temperature of the supplied air can be controlled by combining the above methods.

The air conditioning system, containing all of the above components and components, allows for high-quality air conditioning both in cooling mode and in heating mode. Being made essentially in the form of a monoblock, the claimed air conditioning system can significantly save time both for installation and repair work. Thanks to the use of liquid coolant, as well as the developed layout solutions, the air conditioning system is compact. In the air conditioning system, the liquid coolant is prepared to the required temperature for high-quality conditioning of the driver's cab and passenger compartment of electric vehicles with limited energy consumption by organizing the heat exchange of the air to be conditioned with the prepared liquid coolant.

Claims (5)

1. A climate system for a wheeled passenger vehicle driven by electric energy, stored battery, configured to operate in air cooling mode in a vehicle or in air heating mode in a vehicle and with the ability to switch between these modes, including a refrigeration subsystem machines, the liquid coolant subsystem and the control subsystem, and the chiller machine subsystem includes a closed loop, formed compressor, its outlet connected by a pipe to the inlet of the condenser, which by its output is connected by a pipe to the input of the throttle device, which by its output is connected by a pipe to the input of the evaporator, which by its output is connected by a pipe to the compressor inlet, with the possibility of passing through the specified closed refrigerant circuit in the direction from the compressor through the condenser to the evaporator and further to the compressor without changing the direction of movement; the liquid coolant subsystem includes at least two pumps, coolant supply pipelines, return pipelines, control valves, internal heat exchangers, an external heat exchanger, configured to form a cooling circuit and a heating mode loop with the passage of liquid coolant through said pumps, pipelines that control valves, heat exchangers, and also through the evaporator and condenser; the control subsystem includes a control device configured to process the signals of the temperature sensors and the ability to switch the operating mode of the air conditioning system from the heating mode to the cooling mode and from the cooling mode to the heating mode by forming respectively a cooling mode circuit or a heating mode circuit by controlling the operation of the control valves the fact that each of the internal heat exchangers is a heat exchanger, functioning or as a cool a heater, or as a heater, depending on whether the current operating mode of the air conditioning system is cooling mode or heating mode, the chiller subsystem, the coolant subsystem and the control subsystem are located in a single housing mounted on the vehicle, and the air conditioning system is configured to be connected to additional heat exchangers. 2. Climatic installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the formation of the cooling mode circuit or the heating mode circuit by controlling the operation of the control valves (12, 37, 40, 41, 42) is carried out on the basis of temperature readings obtained by temperature sensors (32, 33, 34, 51, 52), and comparing them with a given temperature value. 3. Climatic installation according to any one of paragraphs. 1 or 2, characterized in that the cooling mode circuit includes a branch of the cooled coolant of the cooling mode circuit, comprising a first pump (11), connected with its output to the inlet of the pipe passing through the evaporator (9) and connected to the first distribution valve (12) with its output , to which the first supply pipe is connected with its input, connected with its output to each internal heat exchanger (15, 16), each of which is connected with its output to the input of the first return pipe, through its first a branch connected to the second distribution valve (40), to which a pipe is connected at its inlet, which allows additional heat exchangers to be connected to the return pipe, connected to the input of the first pump (11) with its output, and a branch of the heated coolant of the cooling circuit containing the second pump ( 36), with its output connected to the inlet of the pipeline passing through the capacitor (3) and with its output connected to the third distribution valve (37), to which its connected by means of a second supply pipe connected to each of at least one of the inputs of the external heat exchanger (53) by its outlet, which by each of at least one of its outputs is connected to the input of the third return pipe connected by its output to the fourth to a distribution valve (41), to which a pipeline is connected at its inlet, connected to a fifth distribution valve (42), to which a fourth return pipe is connected at its input, connected to the inlet of the second pump (36), and the heating mode circuit includes a branch of the heated coolant of the heating mode circuit, containing a second pump (36), connected with its output to the inlet of the pipeline passing through the condenser (3) and connected to the third distribution valve ( 37), to which a pipeline is connected with its input, connected with its output to the first supply pipe, connected with its output to each of the internal heat exchangers (15, 16), each of which is connected to the input with its output the first return pipe, through its second branch connected to the fifth distribution valve (42), to which a fourth return pipe is connected with its input, connected to the input of the second pump (36) with its output, and a branch of the cooled coolant of the heating mode circuit, containing the first pump (11 ), with its output connected to the inlet of the pipeline passing through the evaporator (9) and with its output connected to the first distribution valve (12), to which the pipeline is connected with its input, output connected to a second supply pipe connected by its output to each of at least one of the inputs of the external heat exchanger (53), which by each of at least one of its outputs is connected to the input of the third return pipe connected by its output to the fourth distribution valve (41), to which a pipe is connected at its inlet, connected with its output to the second distribution valve (40), to which a second return pipe is connected at its input, m connected to the input of the first pump (11). 4. Climatic installation according to claim 3, characterized in that the group of sensors includes at least a temperature sensor for supplying coolant (51) located in the first supply pipe, a temperature sensor for return flow of coolant (52) located in the first return pipe, temperature sensor of recirculation air taken from the vehicle (32), supply air temperature sensor (33, 34). 5. Climatic installation according to any one of paragraphs. 2-3, characterized in that the subsystem of the chiller includes a check valve (2) located after the compressor (1) in front of the condenser (3), and a receiver (4), filter drier (5), sight glass (6) and controlled a valve (7) placed in series between the condenser (3) and the throttle device (8), and a liquid separator (10) placed after the evaporator (9) in front of the compressor (1).

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