RU192914U1 - STACK FOR STORAGE ROUND FOREST MATERIALS - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the forestry and woodworking industries and can be used for storing round timber. The technical objective of the claimed utility model is to preserve the quality characteristics of wood during storage. The stack for storing round lumber consists of a base installed on the ground, on which stacked layers of snow are stacked, a layer of wood particles is laid on top of the top layer of the stack, with lining elements installed on the base, the stack layers represent oboj timber stacked on the lining elements on a "tip-butt", laid on top of the stack insulating material, wherein the sides of the stack formed on the ground a drainage ditch. 4 s.p. f-ly, 1 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to the forestry and woodworking industries and can be used for storing round timber.

A known construction of the stack described in the method of preserving the storage of fresh round wood and fresh lumber laid for storage in an air- and light-tight-closing casing. Oxygen in the shell decomposes due to the respiratory processes of fungi, bacteria, as well as still living wood cells with the formation of CO ₂ and H ₂ O. Further, fermentation processes lead to the destruction of hemicelluloses and sugars, which turn into organic acids and CO ₂ . The oxygen content in the shell is less than 0.1 vol. % after the establishment time of 3-10 days during the entire storage, and the content of CO ₂ increases to 21-40 vol. % This way you can store fresh round wood and fresh lumber for a long time without loss and environmental pollution (patent for the invention of the Russian Federation No. 2177406, publ. 12/27/2001).

The closest technical solution chosen by the applicant as a prototype is a stack for storing round timber (GOST 9014.0-75, paragraph 3.3). A stackable base of logs - lining is equipped for the stack, on soft soils under logs - lining, a continuous flooring of low-grade logs, which is the base, should be made.

The disadvantage of this design is that this design is not effective enough when storing round lumber.

The technical task of the claimed utility model is to preserve the qualitative characteristics of wood during storage.

The technical task is achieved in that the stack for storing round timber consists of a base installed on the ground and lining elements installed on the base, on which layers of round timber are laid, characterized in that in the layers of the stack compacted with snow, the timber is laid on lining elements according to the principle " top-comel ”, a layer of wood particles is laid on top of the top layer of the stack, and insulating material is laid on top of the stack. The base can be made of crushed stone or in the form of a concrete pillow. Geotextiles are used as insulating material, and foil material can also be used.

A comparison of the proposed technical solution with the prototype shows that it differs in the following features

the layers of the stack are compacted with snow;

Timber is laid on lining elements according to the “top-comel” principle;

a layer of wood particles is laid on top of the top layer of the stack;

insulation material was laid on top of the stack;

the base of the stack is made in the form of a concrete pillow;

the base of the stack is made of rubble;

as an insulating material used geotextile or foil material.

Therefore, we can assume that the claimed utility model meets the criterion of "Novelty."

A utility model can be made using known materials, therefore, it meets the criterion of "industrial applicability".

The figure schematically shows the inventive stack, where

1 - base;

2 - drainage ditches;

3 - lining elements (logs);

4 - snow base covered with sawdust or wood chips;

5 - comel (lower section) of timber;

6 - top (upper section) of timber;

7 - snow filling voids;

8 - snow cover;

9 - coating with sawdust or wood chips;

10 - insulating material.

A stack design is proposed for long-term low-temperature storage of round non-barked timber in order to preserve the quality characteristics of wood. During long-term storage, the quality of wood decreases. Particularly large changes in the quality characteristics occur during the summer storage of winter timber. Deterioration of quality has a negative impact on the possibility of processing wood and affects the cost of products.

Stack of timber - parallel and evenly stacked in several rows in height of timber (whips, logs) (GOST 17461-84: Technology of the logging industry. Terms and definitions).

At present, the general requirements for storage rules for round coniferous and deciduous timber are established by GOST 9014.0-75 Round timber. Storage. General requirements. The types of laying during storage and the measures for protecting round timber depending on the storage methods used are divided in accordance with the table.

A stack construction is proposed that allows creating low-temperature storage conditions that prevent insects from populating the wood with pests, fungal infections, and cracking of round timber in the warm season.

Warehousing of wood in stacks of long-term storage must be done in the winter period to provide timber processing enterprises with raw materials in the warm season. During its formation, a base 1 with a hard coating (crushed stone or concrete cushion) is equipped, snow is cleared, lining logs 3 with a diameter of at least 16 cm are laid in the upper section, snow 4 is poured and compacted at the same level with lining logs. Next, the snow mass of the base 1 is insulated with sawdust or wood chips with a layer of 5-10 cm. The sawdust and wood chips have good heat-insulating properties, isolate from direct sunlight, prevent evaporation of moisture, and do not allow snow mass to melt for a long time. Further, the timber is stacked in a dense stack without gaskets up to 4 m high, each row is covered with snow in such a way as to fill the voids 7 between the logs. Timber should be laid by knots 5 and peaks 6 in different directions and aligned on one side of the stack. The ends of the timber should not protrude beyond the leveled surface by more than 0.5 m. The volume of the pile is taken from the calculation of the amount of time required for its complete processing. After opening the stack, the wood must be processed within 14 days.

The top and ends of the stack are covered with a layer of snow 8 (with a snow auger or snow cannon with a thickness of at least 50 cm, then covered with sawdust or wood chips with a layer of 9 at least 10 cm. After that, insulating material 10 is laid, for example, geotextile, technical polyethylene, tarpaulin, etc. .), the use of foil-insulating materials (foil isolol, isolon, alufom, etc.) allows you to further protect the stack from sunlight and extend the shelf life.

In summer, the snow in the stack construction begins to melt, its density increases from 400 to 600 kg / m3, and when snow is compacted with water, the density of the snow mass increases to 750 kg / m3. To drain meltwater and prevent soil erosion during snow thawing, a drainage should be arranged in a stack in the warehouse. Drainage ditches 2 are placed in the gaps between the stacks, and water is discharged from the storage sites.

Thus, the claimed utility model allows you to save the qualitative characteristics of wood during storage.

Claims (5)

1. A stack for storing round timber, consisting of a base installed on the ground and installed on the basis of lining elements, on which layers of round timber are laid, characterized in that in the layers of the stack, compacted with snow, the timber is laid on lining elements on the basis of the “top-butt ", A layer of wood particles is laid on top of the top layer of the stack, and insulating material is laid on top of the stack. 2. The stack according to claim 1, characterized in that the base is made of crushed stone. 3. The stack according to claim 2, characterized in that the base is made in the form of a concrete pillow. 4. The stack according to claim 1, characterized in that geotextiles are used as insulating material. 5. The stack according to claim 1, characterized in that foil material is used as the insulating material.

Images