RU192462U1 - AUTONOMOUS CABLE-FREE TRUCK TROLLEY - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of mechanical engineering, namely to autonomous cabless truck tractors. Autonomous cabless truck tractor contains a chassis with a frame. The frame is closed by an external casing. On the frame are traction electric drive, batteries, fifth wheel coupling, engine-generator set. The electric drive consists of a traction motor and an inverter. The engine-generator set consists of an internal combustion engine and a generator with a current converter for recharging the batteries. A radiator for cooling the internal combustion engine and a radiator for cooling the generator, traction electric drive and current converter are also installed on the frame. The technical result consists in expanding the arsenal of technical means of autonomous cabinless tractor units with traction electric drive. 2 s.p. f-ly, 6 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of mechanical engineering, namely to vehicles intended for the transportation of bulky and heavy loads over long distances.

The prior art device and method for using autonomous transport (WO 2013180622 A1, 12/05/2013). The invention describes an autonomous or remotely controlled freight vehicle with a traction drive, transmission, chassis and body for accommodating cargo. The use of an internal combustion engine or an electric motor with a battery is proposed as a traction drive. Using only ICE leads to high fuel consumption and large emissions of harmful substances with exhaust gases. Using only an electric motor significantly reduces maximum mileage, as energy storage in the drive is limited.

The vehicle is known from the prior art for the transportation of bulky and heavy loads (RU 179602 U1, 05.17.2018). The utility model is a three-axle all-wheel drive tractor unit containing a chassis made with a 6 × 6 wheel arrangement and a hinged cab. A fifth wheel coupling is installed between the middle and rear axles. It is proposed to use an internal combustion engine as a traction drive in the patent, which leads to high fuel consumption and large emissions of harmful substances with exhaust gases.

In addition, unmanned cargo electric vehicles such as Einride T-log, Einride T-pod, Volvo Vera are known in the art. These trucks do not have a cab for the driver and are equipped with a traction electric drive. Their disadvantage is low mileage on a single charge.

As a prototype, an unmanned electric vehicle "Tesla Semi" is considered (article "Will Tesla Disrupt Long Haul Trucking? - Seeking Alpha", published 05.07.20187, https://www.gitrust.eu/will-tesla-disrupt-long-haul -trucking-seeking-alpha /), which is a self-contained truck tractor containing a frame closed by an external housing, with a traction electric drive located on it, consisting of four traction motors with power electronics (inverters), batteries, front and rear suspensions, and fifth wheel coupling device. In front of the tractor, a driver's cab is mounted on the frame. The disadvantages of this autonomous truck tractor are the need for the presence of a driver, as well as the presence in the cab structure, which reduces the power reserve, in addition, the mileage is limited by the capacity of the batteries, which is proportional to their overall dimensions.

The problem solved by the utility model is aimed at the development of an autonomous unmanned truck tractor using an electric drive for driving, which is safe for use on roads, with an increased power reserve compared to the well-known trucks with traction electric drives, without reducing the carrying capacity and the associated cargo turnover.

The technical result consists in expanding the arsenal of technical means of autonomous cabinless tractor units with traction electric drive.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that a stand-alone cabless truck tractor containing a chassis, which includes a frame closed by an external housing, with a traction electric drive located on it, consisting of a traction motor and an inverter, batteries, a fifth wheel coupling, and mounted on the chassis frame engine-generator set, consisting of an internal combustion engine cooled by a radiator also mounted on the chassis, and a generator with a current converter for recharging the batteries, A cooling radiator for the generator, traction drive and current converter.

The design of the autonomous cabless truck tractor also has the following additional differences:

- the design includes a fairing located on the chassis frame and rising for the movement of the tractor with a semitrailer to reduce aerodynamic drag, which leads to an increase in the maximum achievable speed, and increase fuel efficiency at high speeds;

- the cooling fan of the internal combustion engine and the cooling fan of the generator, traction electric drive and current converter for additional cooling of the above nodes are installed on the chassis frame;

The design of the truck tractor, namely this type of truck, is most effective from the point of view of increasing cargo turnover when organizing transportation over long distances on public roads, does not have a driver's cab, and it is controlled autonomously, without the participation of a driver and a remote operator, using a standard set of well-known sensors, such as: video cameras, radars, lidars and sonars. In addition, high-precision navigation and communication systems are used for control.

The absence of a cab facilitates the weight of the truck tractor, increasing its carrying capacity, and the absence of human involvement in traffic control (autonomy) allows centralized traffic control, which increases driving safety, reduces the time spent on cargo transportation, increasing cargo turnover, and more economical fuel consumption increases the range.

The utility model is illustrated by six drawings in which: the appearance of the tractor (Fig. 1), the appearance of the tractor with a cowl (Fig. 2), the appearance of the tractor with a cowl and semitrailer (Fig. 3), the design of the chassis units (Fig. 4) ), a top view of the design of the chassis units (Fig. 5), a diagram of the power plant elements (Fig. 6), on which the following positions are indicated.

1 - External housing

2 - fifth wheel

3 - Rear axle

4 - Front axle

5 - Fairing

6 - Frame

7 - Driving twin wheels

8 - Traction motor

9 - Semi-trailer

10 - Batteries

11 - Internal combustion engine

12 - Current Generator

13 - Fuel tank

14 - Inverter traction electric drive

15 - Contactor block

16 - Radiator of the first cooling circuit

17 - The fan of the primary cooling circuit

18 - circulation pump

19 - Radiator of the second cooling circuit

20 - The fan of the second cooling circuit.

The truck tractor is made rear-wheel drive biaxial, with a wheel arrangement of 4 × 2. Between the front axle (4) and the rear axle (3), a fifth wheel coupling device (2) is installed, which is used to connect to the semi-trailer (9). Frame (6) with a traction motor (8), batteries (10), internal combustion engine (11), current generator (12), fuel tank (13), contactor block (15), radiator (16) of the primary circuit installed on it cooling, a fan (17) of the first cooling circuit, a circulation pump (18), a radiator (19) of the second cooling circuit, a fan (20) of the second cooling circuit is closed by an external casing (1).

Paired driving wheels (7) are located on the rear axle, to which torque is transmitted from the traction motor (8). The power reserve consumed during movement is stored in nine batteries (10) with a battery monitoring system located to the right and left of the frame (6).

Between the longitudinal beams of the frame (6) in the front of the tractor is an engine-generator set, consisting of an internal combustion engine (11) and an alternating current generator (12). The fuel supply for the internal combustion engine is stored in the fuel tank (13).

The inverter (14) of the traction electric drive and the converter of the engine-generator set are located between the longitudinal beams of the frame (6) and are designed for direct and reverse conversion of direct current to alternating current and control of the corresponding units.

Additionally, the design includes a block of contactors (15), which allows connecting to an external power supply network and charging batteries (10), elements of engine cooling systems and electrical components.

The design provides for two separate non-interconnected liquid cooling circuits. The first circuit includes an internal combustion engine (11), which has a built-in thermostat and a liquid pump, and a radiator (16) with a fan (17). When the set temperature is reached, the thermostat opens and coolant is supplied to the radiator (16), where it transfers part of its thermal energy to the environment. If such cooling is insufficient, which is characterized by an increased temperature at the radiator outlet, the fan (17) is turned on, which significantly increases the dissipation of thermal energy in the radiator (16).

The second circuit of the liquid cooling system includes an alternator (12), a traction motor (8), an inverter (14) of the traction electric drive and a generator converter, a circulation pump (18) and a radiator (19) with a fan (20). In the second circuit, the coolant constantly circulates through electric machines, an inverter and a radiator, dissipating thermal energy, and the fan (20) is turned on if necessary.

The cowl (5) can be fixed in two positions. When driving as part of a road train (with attached semitrailer), it is raised (5a), and when driving without load and when parked, it can be lowered (5b).

The power plant of the cabinless tractor was built on the basis of a traction electric drive powered by batteries located on the frame and capable of external recharging from domestic and industrial electrical networks using the Range Extender, an engine-generator set that charges batteries by converting the energy of fuel combustion into electricity to increase the supply move.

Such a power plant allows you to achieve an increase in the power reserve in the case of an equal prototype of the payload of the transported cargo (carrying capacity) by reducing the mass of the power plant by replacing part of the batteries with an engine-generator set (Range Extender).

The internal combustion engine is not mechanically connected to the drive wheels, but connected to a generator. The wheels are driven by an electric motor, a supply of electrical energy is stored in the battery.

Thus, the tractor can only move on electric traction, and the supply of electricity can be replenished both from external sources and from the engine-generator set. When speed decreases, energy recovery and battery recharging take place.

When driving only on an electric drive (it is recommended to use it for small and medium loads, high battery level), the electric energy from the battery passes through the inverter, where the direct current is converted into alternating current, into a traction motor. Received mechanical energy through the main gear is sent to the drive wheels.

When driving with a working internal combustion engine (it is recommended to use it under heavy loads and a low battery level) if it is necessary to charge the battery, or under heavy loads, the engine-generator set is turned on, and the generated electricity is directed partly to the traction motor and partly to the battery.

When the tractor slows down, as well as moving at a constant speed downhill, a significant part of the mechanical energy can be converted into electrical energy and used to increase the battery charge level.

Energy flows when moving with / without the semi-trailer do not change significantly, only the energy consumption for driving the drive wheels and recovery is increasing.

Thus, an increase in the power reserve of an autonomous cabless truck tractor with electric drive, while maintaining the carrying capacity and is safe for use on the road.

Claims (3)

1. Autonomous cabless truck tractor containing a chassis, which includes a frame closed by an external housing, with a traction electric drive located on it, consisting of a traction motor and an inverter, batteries, a fifth wheel coupling, characterized in that the engine is mounted on the chassis frame - a generator set, consisting of an internal combustion engine cooled by a radiator, also mounted on the chassis frame, and a generator with a current converter for recharging the batteries, an additional radiator cooled Ia generator, traction drive and the current converter. 2. An autonomous cabless truck tractor according to claim 1, characterized in that a cowl located on the chassis frame is included in the structure and is raised for the movement of the tractor with a semi-trailer. 3. An autonomous cabless truck tractor according to claim 1, characterized in that a fan for cooling the internal combustion engine and a fan for cooling the generator, traction electric drive and current converter are installed on the chassis frame.

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