RU185372U1 - TRAILED DEVICE FOR PREPARING SNOW-SLIDED ROUTES - Google Patents

Abstract

A trailing device is proposed that comprises a frame with runners, an internal combustion engine mounted on it, which is a hydraulic pump drive, a hydraulic control device and a transverse cutter with a hydraulic drive suspended on the rear part of the frame on a swing arm, as well as hydraulic mechanisms for raising, lowering and turning the cutter. A smoothing sheet is installed behind the cutter, the flexibility of which increases toward its rear. A portion of the smoothing sheet may be formed by a bent back portion of the milling cutter housing. At the bottom of the sheet may be longitudinal protrusions for profiling the surface of the track.

Additionally, the device may contain ski racers mounted on the swinging arms behind the cutter with the ability to change the distance between them and tilt onto the cutter casing in case of need.

Description

The utility model relates to trailed devices for preparing ski and snowmobile tracks. The device functions are the leveling and compaction of freshly fallen snow, loosening and leveling the profile of icy ski slopes.

In the present description, the following terminology will be used:

signs of the direction and location “forward” and “back”, “in the front” and “in the back”, “along”, “width”, “longitudinal”, “transverse” are used relative to the direction of the working movement of the device;

frame - a rigid rod structure that forms the basis of the product and serves to place equipment;

the lever is a solid body that can rotate around a fixed support.

In skiing, the classic two-step alternating ski run, the preparation of the tracks for which did not cause difficulties, is almost completely replaced by the ridge ride, requiring a smooth dense surface with a width of at least 1.2 meters. Snowmobiles have by now become a common and affordable vehicle, and the question of creating a network of snowmobile roads that require surfaces of the same quality has long been overdue. The creation of such routes and roads requires the use of specialized equipment. The best quality is provided by devices in which snow material, both freshly fallen and densely frozen, is processed, more precisely, whipped, with a cross cutter, and then compacted and smoothed under a certain pressure.

For these purposes, caterpillar self-propelled vehicles are known and widely used abroad, known in sports under the common names: in the USA - "Snow-Cat", in Europe - "RaTrac", and in Russia - "snowcat" [see: http: //www.ski.ru/static/750/2_21317.html, as well as Priklonova S, Kozlov A. Skiing. No. 37, 2007]. They consist of a caterpillar tractor with a traction internal combustion engine and a hydraulic pump driven from it, a transverse cylindrical mill with a hydraulic drive and suspended on the levers of the tractor with the possibility of raising and lowering by means of hydraulic cylinders. The width of the cutter determines the width of the resulting path and usually exceeds 2.5 meters.

The disadvantages of these machines are their high cost - from 10 million rubles and above, high operating costs, the need for maintenance by qualified specialists. In addition, when laying tracks in forests and parks, they require a wide clearing. In Russia, with its vast distances, low density and solvency of the population, such machines for these reasons so far can only have limited use. They cannot solve the problems of mass involvement in skiing and creating an extensive network of snowmobile roads. Ski and snowmobile tracks, unlike ski slopes, usually do not require daily maintenance, and expensive snow groomers are idle. Therefore, trailed devices seem more promising, since towing equipment trailers (tractors or snowmobiles), in the absence of need for processing tracks, can be used for other needs.

The closest to the proposed technical essence and the achieved result is a trailed machine for preparing snow-sealed tracks and roads, containing a frame with skids, a power unit mounted on it (an electric motor with a gearbox and hydraulic pump) and control devices, a transverse cutter with a mechanical drive from an electric motor, suspended on the swing arm under the frame, the cutter cover open from the bottom and front, fastened to the frame and used to form a heat chamber, as well as a hydraulic mechanism for lifting and deepening of a mill [and.with. USSR No. 277818]. Since in the transport position the cutter must be completely raised above the road, the heavy power equipment installed above it on the frame is relatively high, which increases the risk of tipping over on an uneven road or slopes. In addition, the known device does not provide a smooth surface of the road. The steamed snow, excited by the milling cutter, leaves the heat chamber and freezes, forming a tuberous surface. This is good if the road is intended for wheeled vehicles, but is unacceptable for ski and snowmobile tracks.

The technical result from the use of the proposed utility model is to improve the quality of preparation of ski and snowmobile tracks by creating a processed snow surface of high smoothness with additional properties.

The specified technical result is achieved due to the fact that in the known trailing device for preparing snow-sealed tracks containing a frame with runners, a power unit mounted on it, a hydraulic pump and a control device, a cutter suspended on a swing arm surrounding it with an open casing front and bottom, and a hydraulic a mechanism for raising and lowering the cutter, the cutter is hydraulically driven and suspended from the rear of the frame, and a smoothing sheet is installed along the cutter behind the cutter.

In addition, the hitch device further comprises a hydraulic mechanism for adjusting the angle of inclination of the smoothing sheet to the plane of the track.

In addition, the hitch has longitudinal protrusions on the underside of the smoothing sheet.

In addition, the smoothing sheet is flexible.

In addition, the flexibility of the smoothing sheet increases towards the back.

In addition, the smoothing sheet is made integral of the rigid and flexible parts located behind it.

In addition, the hard part of the smoothing sheet is a backwardly curved part of the casing.

In addition, the length of the smoothing sheet, measured along the axis of the cutter, exceeds its length.

In addition, the tow hitch further comprises ski racers mounted behind the cutter on the swing arms.

In addition, ski racers are installed with the ability to change the distance between them.

In addition, as a power unit, the towing device comprises an internal combustion engine.

Due to the fact that the mill is equipped with a hydraulic drive and suspended to the rear of the frame, and a smoothing sheet is installed along the mill along the mill, an excellent quality of smoothing and sealing of the track is achieved.

Due to the fact that the hydraulic mechanism for adjusting the angle of inclination of the smoothing sheet to the plane of the track, it is possible to obtain a smooth surface of the track regardless of the degree of penetration of the cutter.

Due to the fact that the smoothing sheet has longitudinal protrusions on the underside, small grooves are formed on the treated surface, which are easily cut by the edges of the skis. The resulting snow dust, softening the surface, makes riding on it more comfortable. This is especially important in severe frosts, when the treated track hardens to ringing.

Making the smoothing sheet flexible increases the smoothness of the resulting surface, that is, the processing quality.

The implementation of a smoothing sheet with variable flexibility increasing towards the rear increases the quality of processing due to the fact that the snow coming out from under the cutter is first leveled by the hard part of the sheet, and then its flexible part produces the final finish.

The implementation of the smoothing sheet compound of the rigid and flexible parts located behind it increases its durability and facilitates its manufacture.

The implementation of the hard part of the smoothing sheet from the backward-curved part of the casing simplifies the design of the device.

Due to the fact that the length of the smoothing sheet, measured along the axis of the cutter, exceeds its length, a smooth transition is created from the machined to the unprocessed part of the track, the step between them is eliminated, and the comfort of walking and riding is increased.

Due to the fact that the tow hitch additionally contains ski racers, the functionalities are expanded behind the cutter on the swinging levers, the processed track becomes convenient for both the ridge ride and the classic one, despite the fact that the track cut by the ski raiser has excellent quality and standard sizes.

Due to the fact that the ski racers are installed with the ability to change the distance between them, the functionality of the device is expanded and the productivity of processing the track is increased.

Due to the fact that the tow hitch contains an internal combustion engine as a power unit, its complete independence from the tractor is achieved and, in addition, the internal combustion engine, less balanced than the electric motor used in the prototype, creates a small vibration that favorably affects snow compaction.

The essence of the utility model is illustrated by drawings.

In FIG. 1 shows a side view of the proposed device.

In FIG. 2 shows an embodiment with a composite smoothing sheet having longitudinal protrusions on the underside.

In FIG. 3 shows one of the possible protrusions profile. In FIG. 4 shows a top view of the proposed device.

The proposed device (Fig. 1) contains mounted on the frame / power unit 2, which serves to drive the hydraulic pump 3, and a control device 4 containing hydraulic valves. The power unit includes an internal combustion engine with all the elements necessary for its operation: a gas tank, a radiator, a starting device and others. Frame 1 is mounted on skids 5 and is equipped with a drawbar 6, coupled to a tractor, which can be used as a snowmobile or tractor. The length and width of the runners 5 are assigned such that the device does not fall excessively into the snow. The distance between the runners, if possible, is set close to the width of the track of the track of the snowmobile used as a tractor. This reduces the failure of the device in deep snow.

At least one pivoting arm 7 is attached to the rear of the frame, at the other end of which a transverse milling cutter 8 is mounted, which is a shaft 9 mounted on bearings with protrusions 10 for grinding and deaerating snow. To prevent the spread of snow, the cutter is surrounded by a casing 11, open at the front and bottom. In the presented example of a specific embodiment, the casing 11 is simultaneously a power element, which is the basis for strengthening the cutter bearings and brackets for connecting the lever 7, hydraulic cylinders 12 and 13, as well as a smoothing sheet 14 attached to the rear of the casing 11.

The smoothing sheet 14 is a strip partially or entirely of more or less elastic material, reinforced along the back of the casing 11 of the cutter 8. Its purpose is to smooth out irregularities formed after processing the snow with a milling cutter, as well as to give the resulting surface special properties that contribute to improving the quality snow-sealed surface. The quality of processing is improved if the back of the smoothing sheet has some flexibility. The front of the sheet pre-aligns the snow, and the flexible back makes the final finish.

There are several options for the design of the smoothing sheet 14. The first of the options (Fig. 1) is a sheet of strong, wear-resistant, but flexible and elastic material, for example, polyurethane, the thickness of which gradually decreases from front to back. Accordingly, the flexibility of the sheet increases towards its back. To increase durability and reduce the cost of the sheet 14 can be made composite of the front rigid metal part 15 and the shank 16 attached to it from an elastic flexible material (Fig. 2). As a rigid front part 15, a backward-curved part of the casing 11 can be used.

After freezing, the smooth treated snow surface becomes excessively hard, which makes it possible for the skis to slide laterally. To prevent this, it is desirable that after processing, grooves of a small - (8 ... 12) mm height remain on the surface. Being easily cut off by the edges of the skis, the tops of the grooves turn into snow dust, softening the track and providing ride comfort. For the formation of grooves, the lower side of at least part of the smoothing sheet 14 may be provided with longitudinal protrusions 17 (Fig. 3). In order to smooth the step formed between the compacted track and the surrounding snow cover, the width of the smoothing sheet 14 may be slightly (≈ 10 ... 20 cm) greater than the width of the cutter 8 (Fig. 4). The edges of the smoothing sheet 14 protruding beyond the cutter can be shaped to facilitate smoothing the steps, their rigidity can be higher than that of the main part of the sheet.

To raise and lower the cutter, use the hydraulic cylinder 12. The hydraulic cylinder 13 serves to rotate the cutter 8 assembly with the casing 11 and the smoothing sheet 14. This is necessary to select the correct meeting angle, loosened by the snow cutter with a smoothing sheet. The quality of the resulting surface of the track substantially depends on this angle. In rotation, the cutter 8 is driven by a hydraulic motor 18 and a chain gear 19.

In the drawings, hydraulic hoses connecting a hydraulic pump 3 to a control device 4 and hydraulic cylinders 12 and 13 are conventionally not shown.

At least one skid raiser 20, also known as a cutter in the state of the art, can be installed behind the cutter 8 and serves to cut a double track for a classic run. The skid racer 20 is connected to the casing 11 by means of a rotary lever 21. To mitigate the jolts when the skid racer is hitting ice, branches, hemp or stones, as well as to provide a stable force to press the skid racer to the track surface, the lever 21 can be spring-loaded or made entirely of elastic material for example, a spring leaf.

If the device contains two ski layers (Fig. 5), then they can be installed with the possibility of changing the distance between them, for example, suspended on a bar 22 parallel to the axis of the cutter, with the possibility of movement along it.

The proposed device works as follows.

After starting the engine of the power unit and warming up the hydraulic system, the hydraulic motor 18 is turned on, and the rotating mill 8 by means of the hydraulic cylinder 12 is immersed in the snow to the required depth. With hydraulic cylinder 13, the entire assembly including cutter 8, casing 11, cutter drive and smoothing sheet 14 is rotated so that the lower plane of sheet 14 forms an angle of (2 ... 10) degrees with the surface of the track. After driving through a short test section, the hydraulic cylinder 13 selects the angle of inclination of the smoothing sheet 14, which is optimal for the temperature and snow data, at which the best snow surface treatment quality is obtained. After that, ski racers 20 are lowered, the distance between which is set based on the specific conditions of the route, but not less than the distance of the safe divergence of oncoming skiers, and the movement begins. If the track is intended only for the movement of snowmobiles or only for skating, then the ski lifters rise up by turning the levers 21 and stack on the casing 11.

The operation of twelve prototypes of the proposed device showed that they provide high quality preparation of snow-sealed tracks in a wide range of temperatures, thickness and density of snow cover, work well on both loose and icy, frozen tracks.

Claims (11)

1. A hitch for preparing snow-sealed tracks, comprising a frame with runners, a power unit mounted on it, a hydraulic pump and control devices, a cutter suspended on a swing arm, a casing surrounding it, an open front and bottom casing, and a hydraulic mechanism for raising and lowering the cutter, characterized in that the mill is hydraulically driven and suspended from the rear of the frame, and a smoothing sheet is installed along the mill along the mill. 2. The hitch according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises a hydraulic mechanism for adjusting the angle of inclination of the smoothing sheet to the plane of the track. 3. The hitch according to claim 1, characterized in that it has longitudinal protrusions on the underside of the smoothing sheet. 4. The towing device according to claim 1, characterized in that the smoothing sheet is made flexible. 5. The hitch according to claim 4, characterized in that the flexibility of the smoothing sheet increases towards the rear. 6. The hitch according to claim 5, characterized in that the smoothing sheet is made of composite rigid and located behind it flexible parts. 7. The towing device according to claim 6, characterized in that the rigid part of the smoothing-out sheet is a part of the casing bent backward. 8. The hitch according to claim 1, characterized in that the length of the smoothing sheet, measured along the axis of the cutter, exceeds its length. 9. The towing device according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises ski racers mounted behind the cutter on the swinging arms. 10. The towing device according to claim 9, characterized in that the skis are installed with the possibility of changing the distance between them. 11. The hitch according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises an internal combustion engine as a power unit.

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