RU184682U1 - Faulty device for electric communication cable - Google Patents

Abstract

A useful model relates to the field of electrical engineering and can be used to study the relationship of errors in the operation of information transmission systems and faults that occur in a communication line. A technical problem that can be solved by implementing a utility model is to expand the arsenal of technical means for a specific purpose, namely, to ensure the ability to simulate all possible malfunctions in a four-wire shielded electric communication cable. This technical problem This is because a second compartment of an electric motor connected via a shaft system to the second selector switch to simulate a short circuit and reduce resistance is additionally introduced into the device for introducing faults in the electric communication cable containing the first compartment of the electric motor connected via the shaft system to the first selector switch insulation (including relative to the screen), five electric motor compartments connected through a shaft system with five variable resistors to simulate the different lengths of the electric cable, changes in the resistance of its conductors and shield, ohmic asymmetry, a relay unit, the controlled outputs of which allow simulating a break in the conductors and shield, as well as input and output terminals for inclusion in the communication line under study. 4 ill. Reference: Basov O.O.

Description

Ex. No.

IPC G06F 9/02

Faulty device for electric communication cable

The utility model relates to the field of electrical engineering and can be used to study the relationship of errors in the operation of information transmission systems and malfunctions that occur in a communication line.

The communication line is a complex of structures containing various guiding systems, among which electrical communication cables still occupy an important place. The main factors that significantly affect the reliability of such cables include drainage, electrical aging, and drying of the insulation. This is due primarily to the natural decomposition (crystallization) of the impregnating layer. As a rule, in case of an accident, the electric cable is also subjected to secondary damage: arc firing, deformation due to the created internal pressure, moisture absorption in the damaged place, etc.

In addition to factory defects, which over time can lead to damage to the electric communication cable, there are other causes of malfunctions:

- mechanical damage during installation or other construction work;

- expansion in the form of a spiral (sometimes with the formation of cracks) as a result of exposure for a long time to periodic cycles of heating and cooling, as well as with significant network overloads;

- destruction of the outer shell under the influence of external mechanical factors;

- natural chemical corrosion due to exposure to various reagents contained in the soil;

- destruction of the outer protective layer due to stray currents from electrified vehicles.

The main structural element of the electric communication cable is the outer sheath, because high dielectric characteristics of the cable are ensured in the absence of active exposure to moisture and air. The mechanical damage to the outer shell is easily determined by its appearance: as a rule, in this case, both steel armor (if any) and the braid are deformed. Lead shell is often subjected to intercrystalline destruction, which is visually expressed in the appearance of a network of small cracks at the first stage. In the future, this leads to an increase in their size with subsequent destruction of individual fragments. In the presence of lead dioxide in the corrosion products, it can be argued about its electrical origin due to stray currents. Such an oxide has a characteristic brown tone. At the same time, as a result of chemical corrosion, white products are formed, which sometimes have a pale yellow or pale pink hue.

Most of the damage to the electrical communication cable is associated with its insulation: electrical and / or screen. Telecommunications specialists distinguish between three types of electrical insulation damage: short circuit, insulation failure between two cores of different pairs and insulation failure with respect to grounding.

A short circuit (or simply “short”) is somewhat different from a similar concept in radio engineering; in communication systems, it should be understood as a violation of insulation between two cores of one pair. Reducing the insulation between the cores to hundreds of megohms already represents a short circuit, and a “short” of 1-2 megohms makes the subscriber line completely inoperative.

Insulation failure between two conductors of different pairs, as a rule, occurs when water enters the connector or inside the cable. For subscribers of the transmission system, this damage causes the effect of a “round table” or “conference” - conversations of outsiders are heard, which, in turn, hear you.

The guidelines set a standard of 5 Mom / km as mandatory insulation of the cable sheath. The implementation of this norm indicates the tightness of the sheath of the electric communication cable. In its real samples, the screen insulation ranges from 40 to 30,000 megohms.

The use of electric cables in communication lines 102 necessitates establishing the causes of malfunctions in them, studying their influence on the main parameters of the receiving and transmitting equipment 101, as well as on the quality of the information circulating in the respective transmission systems 100.

As an example, an electric communication cable can be considered.
P-296, the main technical and operational characteristics of which are presented in the table. Possible malfunctions described above are simulated by the circuit shown in FIG. 2, according to which electric cable with a length of up to 10 km is simulated with variable resistors with resistances of 550 Ohms (blocks 203–206). In this case, the screen resistance (block 207) can be up to 70 Ohms. By the indicated blocks 203–207, the required length of the electric cable can be set, and if they do not have the same resistance values, the ohmic asymmetry is simulated — the difference in the resistance of the two cores of the pair to direct current. The selector switch 208 with series-connected resistive elements imitates a violation of insulation between the cores - a drop in its resistance from 100 to 10 Mom, a short circuit. The selector switch 209 with series-connected resistive elements imitates a violation of insulation with respect to grounding, it is possible to change the nominal value of these resistances from 0 to 100 MΩ. The controlled outputs of the relay block 210 simulate a break in each of the cable cores and its screen. The input and output of the considered model of possible malfunctions in a four-wire shielded electric communication cable are blocks 201 and 211, respectively.

Table. The main technical and operational characteristics of the electric communication cable P-296

Characteristic Indicator DC circuit resistance 55.5 ohm / km Ohmic asymmetry 0.28 ohm / km DC Resistance 7 ohm / km Insulation resistance 5000 megohms / km Operating capacitance at 0.8 kHz 44.6 nF / km Transient attenuation at the near end at a length of 500 m
and frequency 110 kHz 68 dB / s Security at the far end at a length of 500 m and a frequency of 110 kHz 77 dB / s Test voltage between cores, between cores
and shell 1500 V Cable output impedance 135 ohm Construction length 500 m Core design 7 × 0.35 mm Number of cores 4 things. Core insulation material polyethylene Core twisting starry Screen material copper wire Protective Hose Material polyvinyl chloride Cable diameter 14 mm Cable weight 240 kg / km

A device for diagnosing discrete blocks (RF patent No. 2109329) is known that implements an algorithm for diagnosing a digital electronic circuit by sequentially incredible reduction in the dimension of many suspected faults. The algorithm includes simulation of target equipment and its hardware failures on electronic circuits (prototyping), automated control of the testing process, display of information in a user-friendly form, storage of test results.

A device is known for simulating failures and in-circuit testing of elements of discrete equipment (RF patent No. 2093885). It allows you to simulate malfunctions on both individual and multiple outputs of digital elements by means of hardware prototyping. It provides the ability to work with elements with bi-directional buses, and also provides for the use of the device as a digital in-circuit tester by creating hardware-software protection of the device channels from overload. Allows automated control of the testing process.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed device and selected as a prototype is a tap-off switch under load (RF patent for the invention No. 2431884. Electric motor for a tap-off switch under load. Publ. 20.10.2011, Bull. No. 29) containing an electric motor compartment connected through a system of shafts with a diverter switch and selector or with a selector switch, while the electric motor compartment contains an electric motor module and a control module, an electric module The motor contains an electric motor, a gearbox and a position sensor, and the control module is configured to control the output shaft exiting the compartment of the electric motor by supplying power to the electric motor through a direct connection to drive the output shaft through the gearbox, the position sensor being made with the ability to determine the movement and position of the output shaft and transmit relevant information to the control module, while the compartment of the electric motor during operation hermetically sealed with the electric motor module and the control module located inside the hermetically sealed compartment of the electric motor, the electric motor compartment containing configurable input / output ports configured to provide the electric motor compartment with flexible connection points, the gearbox comprising a mechanical end stop provided on said the shaft and is configured to mechanically prevent the output shaft from coming out while driving it e for established extreme provisions. In addition, the compartment of the electric motor comprises a user interface configured to control the control module, the user interface being accessible from the outside of the hermetically sealed volume.

One of the main disadvantages of existing analogs in the subject area is the impossibility of their use for introducing faults into the electric communication cable.

The technical problem, the solution of which is provided during the implementation of the utility model, consists in expanding the arsenal of technical means for a specific purpose, namely, providing the ability to simulate all possible malfunctions in a four-wire shielded electric communication cable.

This technical problem is solved in that in the device for faults in the electric communication cable containing the first compartment of the electric motor connected via a shaft system to the first selector switch, while the compartment of the electric motor contains an electric motor module and a control module, the electric motor module contains an electric motor , gearbox and position sensor, the control module is configured to control the output shaft exiting the electrical compartment the needle, by supplying power to the electric motor through a direct connection to drive the output shaft into motion through the gearbox, and the position sensor is configured to determine the movement and position of the output shaft and transmit relevant information to the control module, and the gearbox contains a mechanical end stop provided on the specified shaft and is configured to mechanically prevent the output shaft from coming out while driving it beyond the set extreme positions, and from sec of the electric motor contains reconfigurable input / output ports configured to provide the compartment of the electric motor with flexible connection points, a second compartment of the electric motor connected via a shaft system to the second selector switch, a third compartment of the electric motor connected through the shaft system to the first variable resistor is additionally introduced , the fourth compartment of the electric motor, connected through a system of shafts with a second variable resistor, the fifth compartment of the electric a tricycle motor connected through a shaft system with a third variable resistor, a sixth compartment of an electric motor connected through a shaft system with a fourth variable resistor, a seventh compartment of an electric motor connected through a shaft system with a fifth variable resistor, to a selector switch and a second selector switch way resistive elements are connected, a control controller configured to control via input / output ports by the control modules per the second, third, fourth, fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh compartments of the electric motor, a local area network connection interface connected to the control controller, a relay unit, the control inputs of which are connected to the control controller, and the controlled outputs are connected to a five-wire electric line, while a five-wire electrical line is connected to the selector switch, the second selector switch, the first, second, third, fourth and fifth variable resistors, as well as input and output terminals of the device for introducing faults into the electric communication cable.

The inventive utility model is illustrated by drawings, which show:

FIG. 1 is a diagram of the study of the relationship of errors in the operation of information transmission systems and malfunctions that occur in a communication line;

FIG. 2 - model of possible malfunctions in a four-wire shielded electric communication cable;

FIG. 3 is a structural diagram of a device for introducing faults into an electric communication cable;

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of an electric motor compartment.

The fault device in the electrical communication cable 103 shown in FIG. 3 comprises a first compartment of an electric motor 307 connected through a system of shafts 301 to a first selector switch 208, a second compartment of an electric motor 308 connected through a system of shafts 301 to a second selector switch 209, a third compartment of an electric motor 302 connected through a system of shafts 301 to a first variable resistor 203, the fourth compartment of the electric motor 303 connected through the shaft system 301 to the second variable resistor 204, the fifth compartment of the electric motor 304 connected through the shaft system 301
with a third variable resistor 205, a sixth compartment of an electric motor 305 connected through a system of shafts 301 to a fourth variable resistor 206, a seventh compartment of an electric motor 306 connected through a system of shafts 301 to a fifth variable resistor 207.

At the same time, resistive elements are connected to the first selector switch 208 and the second selector switch 209 in a certain way. One embodiment of such a connection is shown in FIG. 2.

The compartment of the electric motor 302 (303, 304, 305, 306, 307, 308) comprises an electric motor module and a control module 405 (FIG. 4).

The electric motor module contains a gearbox 401, an electric motor 402, a mechanical end stop 403 and a position sensor 404, input / output ports 406. The electric motor 402 is configured to bring the selector switches (208, 209) and variable resistors (203–207) into motion using the shaft system 301. The output shaft of the system 301 is withdrawn from the compartment of the electric motor 302 (303, 304, 305, 306, 307, 208) through a hermetically sealed connection.

A gearbox 401 is provided between the electric motor 402 and the shaft system 301 to reduce the number of revolutions when transmitting rotation from the electric motor to the output shaft of the system 301. The electric motor 402 is a standard electric motor with pulse-width modulation of the supply voltage from the converter provided in the control module 405. An alternating voltage of 5 V to 12 V may be supplied to the electric motor 402.

A mechanical end stop 403 is provided in the electric motor module, preventing the selector switches (variable resistors) from being pulled by the electric motor 402 beyond the upper and lower limits.

In addition, a position sensor 304 is provided on the output shaft of the shaft system 301 to monitor the absolute position and movement of the selector switches (variable resistors). The position sensor 404 collects information about both the movements and the position of the output shaft of the shaft system 301, for example, limit positions, erroneous behavior and / or performance of the output shaft, and thus selector switches (variable resistors). The position sensor 304 provides the ability to determine the absolute position of the selector switches (variable resistors). In addition, the presence of a special brake for an electric motor is not required,
because gearbox 401 is a self-braking gearbox.

The control module 405 is the central element of the compartment of the electric motor 302 (303, 304, 305, 306, 307, 308) and controls all aspects of the operation, configuration and signal exchange of the electric motor module of the selector switches (variable resistors). It is configured to control an output shaft 301 exiting the compartment of the electric motor 302 (303, 304, 305, 306, 307, 308) by supplying power to the electric motor 402 through a direct connection to drive the output shaft of the shaft system 301 through a gearbox 401, wherein the position sensor 404 is configured to detect the movement and position of the output shaft and transmit corresponding information to the control module 405. Thus, the control module 305 controls and controls the operation of the electric motor 402.

Signals are exchanged inside the compartment of electric motor 302 (303, 304, 305, 306, 307, 308) via a bus, which can be used, for example, as a CAN bus (Control Area Network, asynchronous serial communication bus).

The signals are transmitted to and from the compartment of the electric motor 302 (303, 304, 305, 306, 307, 308) through the input / output ports 406. The input / output ports 406 are configured to work with various types and volumes of input / output signals, for example, with digital and analog signals, as well as input and output signals. The electric motor compartment is equipped with a standard set of software-configurable ports that provide the ability to establish the necessary connections with senders and receivers of signals in accordance with their operational capabilities. The input of the digital signal is preferably configured to work with both AC voltage signals in a wide range of frequencies and amplitudes, and with DC voltage signals in a wide range of voltage values.

To simulate a broken wire and the screen of the electrical communication cable in question, a relay unit 309 is used, the control inputs of which are connected to the control controller 301, and the controlled outputs 210
to the five-wire electrical line 102. In this case, the five-wire electrical line 202 sequentially connects the input terminals 201 to the first 203, the second 204, the third 205, the fourth 206 and the fifth 207 variable resistors, the first selector switch 208, the second selector switch 209, controlled by the relay block outputs 210 309, as well as output terminals 211 of the device for introducing faults into the electric communication cable.

Imitation of specific malfunctions in the device for introducing malfunctions into the electric communication cable 103 is carried out with an external control PC 105 (Fig. 1) by transmitting the appropriate commands to the control controller 310 through the local area network 104 and the connection interface of the local area network 311.

The control controller 310 is configured to control, through the input / output ports 406, the control modules 405 of the first 307, the second 308, the third 302, the fourth 303, the fifth 304, the sixth 305 and the seventh 306 compartments of the electric motor and can be implemented, for example, on the TMS 32010 microprocessor described in detail in [Digital signal processing processor TMS 32010 and its application. Ed. A.A. Lanne. - L., YOU, 1990]. Typically, the control device is a sequential logic circuit and can be synthesized according to well-known rules [Gutnikov, V.S. Electronic devices of information-measuring equipment / V.S. Gutnikov, V.V. Lopatin et al. - L., LPI im. Kalinina, 1980].

The connection interface of the local area network 311 is a known device and can be implemented, for example, on the ENC28J60 chip, described in detail in [Tugay M.A. Connecting Ethernet modules to microcontrollers // International Student Scientific Herald. - 2017. - No. 1 .; URL: http://www.eduherald.ru/ru/article/view?id=16860 (accessed: 06/27/2018)]. The formation of teams in the external control PC 105 and their transmission through the local area network 104 is carried out using specialized software.

Introduction to the fault device circuit
five input resistors (203–207) to simulate different lengths of the electrical cable, change the resistance of its conductors and shield, ohmic asymmetry, two selector switches (208, 209) into the communication cable 103 input 201 and output 211 terminals to simulate a short circuit and reduce insulation resistance (including relative to the screen), the relay unit 309, controlled outputs 210 of which allow to simulate a broken wire
and the screen provides the ability to simulate all possible malfunctions in a four-wire shielded electric communication cable.

The analysis of the prior art by the applicant has made it possible to establish that there are no analogues that are characterized by sets of features identical to all the features of the claimed device for introducing faults into the electric communication cable, therefore, the utility model meets the patentability condition “Novelty”.

The search results for known solutions in this and related fields of technology in order to identify features that match the distinctive features of the prototypes of the claimed utility model have shown that they do not follow explicitly from the prior art. From the prior art determined by the applicant, the influence of the claimed utility model provided for by the essential features on the achievement of the specified technical result is not known. Therefore, the claimed utility model meets the condition of patentability "Inventive step".

Claims (1)

A fault device in an electric communication cable comprising a first compartment of an electric motor connected via a shaft system to a first selector switch, wherein the compartment of the electric motor comprises an electric motor module and a control module, an electric motor module comprises an electric motor, a gearbox and a position sensor, a control module made with the possibility of controlling the output shaft emerging from the compartment of the electric motor by supplying power to the electric the engine through a direct connection to drive the output shaft through the gearbox, and the position sensor is configured to determine the movement and position of the output shaft and transmit relevant information to the control module, the gearbox comprising a mechanical end stop provided on said shaft and configured to mechanically prevent the output the output shaft while setting it in motion for the set extreme positions, and the compartment of the electric motor contains a shift adjustable I / O ports, configured to provide the compartment of the electric motor with flexible connection points, characterized in that a second compartment of the electric motor connected via a shaft system to the second selector switch, a third compartment of the electric motor connected through the shaft system to the first variable resistor is additionally introduced , the fourth compartment of the electric motor, connected through a system of shafts with a second variable resistor, the fifth compartment of the electric motor, connected through a system of shafts with a third variable resistor, a sixth compartment of an electric motor connected through a system of shafts with a fourth variable resistor, a seventh compartment of an electric motor connected through a system of shafts with a fifth variable resistor, and resistive elements are connected to the first selector switch and the second selector switch , a control controller configured to control through the input / output ports the control modules of the first, second, third, fourth, fifth about, the sixth and seventh compartments of the electric motor, the local area network connection interface connected to the control controller, the relay unit, the control input of which is connected to the control controller, and the controlled outputs are connected to the five-wire electric line, while the five-wire electric line is connected to the first selector switch , the second selector switch, the first, second, third, fourth and fifth variable resistors, as well as input and output terminals of the device introduced Nia faults in the electrical connection cable.

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