RU1841006C - Coordinator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: physics, navigation.

SUBSTANCE: invention is intended for use in direction-finding means and control devices. A coordinator comprises, mounted on an optical axis, a receiving lens, an image analyser with a holder having a through-hole, a condenser, a four-element quadrant photodetector, a light-emitting diode, a photodiode, an actuating motor, a coordinate determining unit, wherein the image analyser and condenser are integrated into a single optical unit in the form of two lenses, the connection plane of which lies in the focal plane of the receiving lens, and the inner surface of one of the lenses is coated with a coating which is non-transparent in the visible and infrared range; the coordinator also comprises a frame clock pulse former, three delay lines, four power supplies, an optical-mechanical angular position sensor mounted on the axis of a reducing gear. The listed devices are designed and connected to each other in a certain manner.

EFFECT: high accuracy of determining coordinates.

Description

The present invention relates to the field of direction finding tools and control devices and can be used to develop systems for detecting small targets and determining their coordinates in the infrared region of the radiation spectrum of objects.

Known coordinators. As a rule, they contain the following basic elements: a lens, an image analyzer, a condenser, and a radiant energy receiver. Coordinators differ mainly in image analyzers.

In the coordinator / cm. e.g. L.Z. Kriksunov and I.F. Usoltsev, "Infrared Systems", Moscow, Sovetskoye Radio Publishing House, 1968, pp. 214-216 / image analyzer is made in the form of a modulating disk, which has a 360 ° boundary between the transparent and opaque parts in a spiral of Archimedes . The spiral begins on the Y axis and ends on it. The modulating disk is located in the focal plane of the lens. Depending on the position of the object in the focal plane of the lens, the radiant energy receiver closes for a longer or shorter period of time. The mismatch angle is determined by the duration of the pulse in the receiver circuit of the radiant energy caused by the radiation of the object.

The coordinator according to the above structure is also constructed for the diaphragm, which has a spiral cut / cm. L.Z. Kriksunov, "A Guide to the Basics of Infrared Technology," M., Sovetskoe Radio Publishing House, 1978, pp. 351-352 /. The spiral cut of the diaphragm begins on the Y axis and ends on it, i.e. the cut is made on 360 °. When the diaphragm rotates, the spiral cut-out sequentially “looks through” the image of the given field. If at some point in time the cut-out intersects the image of the radiation source, a pulse arises that ends at the end of each rotation of the diaphragm. The ratio between the pulse duration and the pauses between them is determined by the image position a relatively neutral point that corresponds to half a revolution of the diaphragm.

In the coordinator / cm. V.V. Kozelkin and I.F. Usoltsev, "Fundamentals of infrared technology", M., publishing house "Mechanical Engineering", 1974, pp. 236-238 / the analyzer is made in the form of a flat thin opaque disk, in which a gap is cut from the center of it in a spiral of Archimedes, passing through thermal radiation collected by the lens. The analyzer is located in the focal plane of the lens. Simultaneously and synchronously with the analyzer, the cam of the signal conversion unit rotates. When the cam crosses the Y axis, a voltage reference pulse is applied to the signal conversion unit. When the disk is rotated by another angle, its slit will intersect the image of the object and thermal energy, passing through the slit, enters the condenser, and from it is concentrated on the receiver. From the receiver through the amplifier at this moment, an electrical impulse from the image of the object is supplied to the signal conversion unit. When the disk and cam are rotated uniformly, the supply of reference pulses to the signal conversion unit follows at equal intervals of time, only the pulse arrival time from the receiver changes, which depends on the position of the image of the object in the focal plane of the lens along the Y axis. The time between the beginnings of the reference pulse and the pulse from the receiver in proportion to the Y coordinate of the object, i.e. component of the y-axis misalignment angle.

In these coordinators, the coordinate is determined only on the Y axis. To obtain the coordinate on the Z axis, a second channel is required, similar to the first, which complicates the device. This is their main drawback. Another disadvantage is the location of the image analyzer in the focal plane of the lens, which leads to an increase in the transverse dimensions of the focusing system and its approximate calculations.

The coordinator who is selected for the prototype, / see M.M. Miroshnikov, "Theoretical Foundations of Optoelectronic Devices", Leningrad, Publishing House "Engineering", Leningrad Branch, 1983, p. 151 / is two-coordinate. It uses a phase-latitude-pulse raster. Each rotation of the raster produces one reference pulse. The time interval between the reference pulse and the leading edge of the pulse from the target image is proportional to the polar angle φ. The pulse duration is a measure of the radial displacement of the image α = const · β. The boundary between the transparent and opaque parts of the raster is made in a spiral of Archimedes at 360 °.

The disadvantages of this device is the determination of the coordinates of only a single object, the location of the modulating disk in the vocal plane of the lens.

The aim of the invention is to determine the coordinates of a group of objects located in the field of view of the device, as well as simplifying it.

This goal is achieved due to the fact that in the coordinator containing a receiving lens sequentially mounted on the same optical axis, an image analyzer with a holder in which a synchronizing hole is made on both sides of which a pair of LED-photodiode is installed, connected via a gearbox to the actuator, a condenser, radiant energy successor with a power supply, computer, characterized in that, in order to determine the coordinates of a group of objects in the field of view, a small lens, as well as simplifying the device, the image analyzer and the condenser are made in the form of an optical unit, consisting of two identical in diameter plane-convex optically conjugated and rigidly interconnected lenses, the inner flat surface of one of them is made with a coating opaque to visible and infrared radiation, in which a gap is made through 180 ° in a spiral of Archimedes, with a beginning on the optical axis and ending on the - X axis at the point of the maximum radius of the lenses of the optical node, and the conjugation plane of the optical node is the main plane of the optical node, which is located in the focal plane of the receiving lens, and the synchronization hole is located on the X axis at a distance greater than the radius of the lenses of the optical node, the optical axis of the pair of LED-photodiode parallel to the optical axis of the device, the output of the photodiode connected through the pulse cut-out circuit and the delay line to the inputs of the power sources of the receiver elements, except for the power supply of the element of the first quadrant connected to the output of the pulse cut-out circuit directly, the outputs of which are connected respectively with the four-element quadrant receiver feed inputs, the four signal output of the detector elements and the four outputs of power supplies connected to the computing devices, the ninth input of which is connected with the opto-mechanical sensor of angular position, located on the output gear axis.

The proposed device is significantly different in its functionality compared to known devices.

Three analogs given in the application, with approximately the same structural embodiment, define only one coordinate of a single emitting object. In order to determine the second coordinate of the same unit object, it is necessary to introduce a second channel, similar to the first, which complicates the device more than twice.

In the prototype, two coordinates of a single object are determined.

If there are more than one object in the field of view of these devices, it makes them inoperative, since the information from the objects is superimposed on each other and it is not known which object determines the coordinates.

As you know, the image analyzer of the coordinator / sometimes called a modulating disk, a modulating aperture, raster, etc. / is placed in the focal plane of the receiving lens, and behind it in the immediate vicinity of it is a capacitor. Such an arrangement of these optical elements leads to an increase in the transverse dimensions and approximate calculations of the focusing system / cm. L.Z. Kriksunov, "Guide to the basics of infrared technology", M., publishing house "Soviet Radio", 1978, p. 195 /. In such devices, it would be desirable for the condenser to be in the focal plane of the lens. In the proposed device, this issue is solved by the implementation of the optical node, in which both the image analyzer and the condenser are in the focal plane of the receiving lens. Due to this, the device is simplified.

Thus, the proposed device can determine the coordinates of a group of targets, and in its execution is much simpler than known similar devices.

This technical solution differs from all existing ones with a new set of features that are interconnected, necessary and sufficient to ensure the task. Based on the above, the claimed technical solution meets the criterion of "significant differences".

In FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a proposed coordinator; FIG. 2 - optical unit with a holder, in FIG. 3 shows diagrams of signals, and in FIG. 4 shows embodiments of a delay circuit and a power circuit for a radiation receiver element.

The composition of the proposed device / see FIG. 1 / includes a receiving lens 1, in the focal plane of which is located the main plane 2 of the optical node 3, consisting of two plane-convex identical in radius optically conjugated and rigidly interconnected lenses 4. A coating is applied on the inside of one of them over its entire area from opaque material for visible and infrared radiation. Cutout 5 was made in the coating in the form of a narrow slit / 200 ÷ 250 μm wide / made in a spiral of Archimedes. Cutout 5 begins with the optical axis of the device and, crossing the axis - Y, ends on the axis - X, at the point of maximum radius of the optical node 3, i.e. Cutout 5 is 180 °. The holder 6 of the optical node has a synchronization hole 7 along the X axis, which is located at a distance greater than the maximum radius of the optical node 3. On one side of the holder 6, opposite the synchronization hole 7, there is an LED 8, and on the other hand a photodiode 9. Optical axis LED 8 - photodiode 9 is parallel to the optical axis of the device. The holder 6 through the gearbox 10 is connected to the actuating motor 11. On the input axis of the gearbox 10 there is an optical-mechanical sensor of the angular position 12.

After the optical node 3 on the optical axis of the device is a four-element quadrant receiver of radiant energy 13. The output of the photodiode 9 is connected through a cut-out circuit of pulses 14 and a delay line 15, 16, 17 to the inputs of the power sources 19, 20, 21 except for the power source 18 of the first quadrant connected directly. The outputs of the power sources 18, 19, 20, and 21 are connected respectively to the power inputs of the four-element quadrant radiant energy receiver 13, the signal outputs of which are supplied to the counting and deciding device 22. The three outputs of the delay lines 15, 16, 17 and the output of the photodiode 9 also go to the counting -resolution device 22, the ninth input of which is connected with the optical-mechanical sensor of the angular position 12.

The proposed coordinator works as follows.

The radiation from small-sized radiation objects through the receiving lens 1 and the optical unit 3 is incident on a four-element quadrant receiver of radiant energy 13. The holder 6 / together with the optical unit 3 / rotates counterclockwise and analyzes the radiation space in the field using the quadrants of the Cartesian coordinate system view of the receiving lens 1.

In the initial position, the synchronizing hole 7 is located on the optical axis of the LED 8 - photodiode 9. At the moment, the signals from the cut-out of the pulses 14 are fed to the inputs of the power supplies 19, 20, 21 through the delay lines 15, 16, 17 and 14 their sequential launch. The supply voltage from the power supplies 18, 19, 20, 21 are received respectively:

- on the 1st element / located in the 1st quadrant /;

- on the 2nd element / located in the 4th quadrant /;

- on the 3rd element / located in the 3rd quadrant /;

- on the 4th element / located in the 2nd quadrant /;

and again on the 1st element / located in the 1st quadrant /.

At the moment of supply voltage supply to the element of the radiation receiver, a search for targets in this quadrant is performed. Cutout 5, when it is rotated 270 °, will fully analyze this quadrant. The starting position for the analysis of one full frame is the position when the synchronizing hole 7 is on the X axis. In this case, the trigger pulse is transmitted directly from the output of the photodiode 9 to the power supply 18, and to the power supplies 19, 20, 21 through the delay lines 15, 16 , 17, as well as immediately and after the delay lines 15, 16, 17 to the computer 22.

When the cutout 5, when the holder 6 of the optical unit rotates, crosses the radiation object, an electric signal is supplied from the corresponding element of the radiant energy receiver 13 to the computer 22. At the same time, a signal corresponding to the angular rotation of the holder 6 from the initial position is supplied to the computing device 22 from the output of the optomechanical sensor of angular positions 12.

When considering three analogues, it was indicated that all these devices determine only one coordinate of the object. To determine the second, you must enter another device similar to the first. In this case, the weight and dimensions of the device doubles, the optical design is complicated.

In devices like the one proposed, using single-element and quadrant radiant energy detectors, as a rule, they determine the coordinates of only a single target. A similar device is a prototype / cm. also additionally US patents No. 4020340, No. 4021007, No. 4131254, German patents No. 2414419, No. 2918858, British patent No. 1468839 /.

In the proposed device, the Cartesian coordinates of the group of objects are determined when scanning space in one plane, moreover, scanning is performed in a plane perpendicular to the optical axis of the device. Since the optical unit rotates in this plane, it does not cause astigmatism in the image of a point radiation source, does not increase the spot of residual aberrations, and does not create modulated interference superimposed on the image of objects. The absence of these effects does not increase the scattering circle, which leads to an increase in the accuracy of determining the coordinates, since it is possible to reduce the width of the slit, Archimedes spiral, thereby increasing the accuracy of determining the coordinates of objects.

The optical node of the proposed device is simple in design, has small dimensions and weight, its movement is continuous and stable, small motors are used for its rotation. These advantages lead to a significant simplification of the device as a whole.

The proposed device determines the coordinates of a group of objects located in the angle of the field of view of the receiving lens, separated by a space equal to one instantaneous angle of the field of view of the device, determined by the width of the spiral of Archimedes, and at any given moment only one object gets into the section of the Archimedes spiral of the working quadrant of the radiation receiver .

In the proposed device, the delay circuit is performed on three 564TM2 microcircuits, and the power supply circuit of the radiation receiver elements on a single 564TP2 / cm microcircuit. E.A. Zeldin, "Digital integrated circuits in information-measuring equipment", L., publishing house "Energoatomizdat", 1986, pp. 266-273.

The proposed device uses a photoelectric transducer type OEPMK-16 / cm. "Photoelectric information converters", M., publishing house "Engineering", 1974, p. 367 /. OEPMK-16 receives a natural binary parallel code characterizing the angle of rotation of the image analyzer shaft. The digital code is linearly dependent on the angle of rotation of the shaft. The code arrives at the computer, which is a computer. The computer receives pulses directly from the output of the photodiode and the outputs of the delay lines. At the moment of arrival of the target's pulse on the computer, its coordinates are issued. Knowing the code at each given moment, the angle of rotation of the shaft φ determine its polar radius r = a φ, where a is a constant. The polar coordinates φ and r are then converted into Cartesian coordinates X = r · cosφ = a φcosφ and y = r · sinφ = a φsinφ. A computer, within its permission, can process a large number of targets.

As a computer, you can use K1-20, K1-30, DVK-2M, EC1840 or any other, the functionality of which allows you to do the above operations. See: "Microprocessor tools and systems", M., No. 4, 1986, p. 7, 15.

A pair of LED-photodiode is made respectively on AL107B and FD-256.

As an executive electric motor, DADCH-60-12 is used.

As a receiver of radiant energy is FR-15.

Claims (1)

A coordinator containing a receiving lens sequentially mounted on the optical axis, an image analyzer with a holder in which a through hole, a condenser and a four-element quadrant photodetector are made, as well as an LED and a photodiode, an actuator mounted on different sides of the image analyzer in the holder, mechanically connected through the gearbox with the holder, the coordinate determination unit, characterized in that, in order to improve the accuracy of determining the coordinates, it analyzes The image ator and the condenser are made by a single optical unit in the form of two plane-convex lenses of the same diameter and rigidly interconnected by the flat surfaces of the lenses, the connection plane of which is located in the focal plane of the receiving lens, an coating that is opaque in the visible and infrared regions is applied to the which has a gap in the form of an Archimedes spiral with a beginning on the optical axis and ending on the horizontal axis at the point of the maximum radius of the lenses of the optical node, as well as the synchronization frame pulse generation unit, the input of which is connected to the output of the photodiode, the first delay line and the first power source, the second delay line and the second power source, the third delay line and the third power source, the fourth power source and the optical-mechanical angular position sensor mounted on the axis of the gearbox, and the output of the block for generating frame synchronization pulses is connected to the inputs of the first, second and third delay lines and the fourth pit source the outputs of the first, second, third and fourth power supplies are connected respectively to the first, second, third and fourth inputs of the coordinate determination unit, the fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth and ninth inputs of which are connected, respectively, to the first, second, third and fourth the outputs of the four-element quadrant photodetector and with the output of the optical-mechanical angle sensor, the outputs of the first, second, third and fourth power sources are additionally connected to the first, second, third and fourth input E quadrant four-element photodetector, and a through hole in the holder is arranged on a horizontal axis.

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