RU1838612C - Single-blow air hammer - Google Patents

Abstract

Usage: the invention relates to mining and construction and can be used to create manual pneumatic single hammer hammers. SUBSTANCE: hammer includes a tubular body with a working chamber and exhaust channels, a hammer with a central air-conducting through channel, an anvil, a return spring installed between the hammer and the anvil, a working tool and a cap for holding it, moreover, the path of air exhaust from the working chamber the course is formed by through exhaust channels in the hammer, anvil, tubular body, cap and volumes of flow chambers between them, and the anvil is made in the form of a cylindrical piston. 1 ill. .1

Description

The invention relates to mining and construction machinery of percussive action and can be used to create manual single-impact pneumatic hammers, for example, to enrich Iceland. feldspar, etc. works.

The purpose of the invention is to eliminate the disadvantages of the prior art represented by these analogues and prototype.

The proposed pneumatic single-impact hammer comprises a tubular body with a working chamber and exhaust channels, a hammer with an air-conducting through channel, an anvil, a return spring installed between the hammer and the anvil, a working tool and a cap for holding it relative to the tubular body, while

the air outlet from the working chamber is formed by through exhaust channels in the hammer, anvil, tubular body, cap and volumes of the flow chambers between them, and the air-conducting through channel of the exhaust in the hammer is made central with the calibrated remote part of the ends of the hammer, the anvil is made in the form a cylindrical piston with longitudinal channels through with radial symmetry, and the cap at the level of the outlet channels of the tubular body is equipped with an air hammer with an end ring channel release.

The proposed technical solution will reduce the resistance to movement of the striker, anvil; reduce the rate of outflow of air into the atmosphere and its

00

with

00

a u

with

acoustic noise; with high efficiency use the energy of compressed air; with high efficiency, to transfer the energy of a single blow through an anvil instrument; improve the environmental conditions of the hammer. The technical result of the proposed structural solution of the hammer is achieved through a central channel with a calibrated section, providing a certain resistance to flow with expansion and self-centering of the hammer; four-stage compression-expansion provided by a channel with a defined resistance with flow chambers alternating with each other; the transmission of a shock pulse through the platform, providing a decrease in the specific shock stress in the cross sections of the anvil; an annular exhaust channel in the aeration pipe, causing a decrease in the rate of outflow of air into the atmosphere; an anvil in the form of a cylindrical piston, providing periodic closure of part of the flow chambers ..

A search by scientific, technical and latent sources of information and a prototype selected from a list of analogues made it possible to identify distinctive features in the claimed technical solution, namely, a calibrated section of the central throttle exhaust channel with a hammer, longitudinal through channels of exhaust in an anvil made in the form a cylindrical piston, a cap equipped with a zoo-air outlet ring with an end annular exhaust channel. The combination of essential features, both known and proposed, makes industrial use of the present invention possible. The originality of the proposed constructive solution for the implementation of the air discharge path formed by the exhaust channels of the hammer box, the anvil, the housing, the cap and the volumes of the flow chambers between them suggests that the claimed pneumatic single-impact hammer satisfies the criteria of the invention - novelty. A comprehensive additional search for known technical solutions in order to detect in them features similar to those of the distinctive part of the claims of the claimed invention and to compare the properties of the claimed and known technical solutions due to the presence of the indicated features in them showed that, firstly , not all signs of the distinctive part of the formula are found in the known technical solutions (calibrated section in the central channel of the striker, through with radial symmetry, longitudinal channels in the anvil, ring with an end cap annular channel); secondly, a comparative analysis of the properties due to the presence of some distinctive features in the known solutions showed that the claimed solution exhibits properties that do not coincide with the properties that are shown in the known technical solutions {self-centering of the hammer with minimal lateral friction and loss of energy of the air flowing over the exhaust

5 calibrated section in the central channel; increased contact area of impact and reduction of specific loads on the hammer, anvil and tool shank, reduction of their transverse vibrations;

0 four-stage expansion of the exhaust air and its annular exhaust, which cause a decrease in acoustic noise, which determines the achievement of the claimed positive object. Therefore, the claimed technical solution satisfies the criteria of the invention for substantial differences, and the new proposed set of essential features confirms their sufficiency for the recognition of inventive step.

The drawing shows a pneumatic

single hammer, longitudinal section.

Pneumatic single hammer

contains a tubular housing 1 with exhaust

5 channels 2, the hammer 3, an anvil in the form of a cylindrical piston A, a return spring 5 installed between the hammer and the piston, a working tool 6, an axle box 7 installed in a tubular body, a tool holding cap 8 with an air baffle ring 9 at the level of the exhaust channels 2, a nipple 10 for supplying compressed air with a nozzle 11 connected to the tubular body by a thread. AT

5, the hammer 3 has a central through hole 12 with a calibrated portion of the hole 13. In the piston 4 there are made longitudinal channels 14 with radial symmetry, and the piston itself is sealed with the possibility of reciprocating movement in the tubular body at the section of the exhaust channels 2. Between v an annular chamber 15 is formed by a baffle ring 9 and a tubular body 1

5 atmospheric pressure with the outlet annular channel 16, the air outlet ring 9, being a continuation of the cap 8, fixed relative to the tubular body 1 by means of a threaded connection, acts as a coupling for holding a prayer by the operator’s hand, and therefore is covered with a vibration and heat insulation layer 17. The tool 6, for example, is equipped with a shank 18 and a shoulder 19 in the form of a chisel, by means of which the tool abuts against the axle box 7. or into the supporting restrictive collar 20 of the cap 8. A chamber 21 is formed between the cup 11 and the hammer 3 working stroke, between the striker 3 and the piston 4, the flow chamber 22 is displaced, and between the piston 4 and the axle box 7 with the shank and strementa 6 is the flow chamber 23 of the exhaust.

| Pneumatic single hammer works as follows.

 Compressed air from the network through the channel of the nipple 10, installed by means of a thread in a glass 11, which is also fixed by means of a thread on a tubular body 1, enters the chamber 2: 1 of the working stroke. From the chamber 21, air flows through the central through-hole 12 and its calibrated portion 13 in the hammer 3 into the displacement chamber 22, as well as through the channels 14 in the anvil 4 into the exhaust chamber 23. The air pressure in the chambers 21, 22 and 23 is equalized, and the spring 5 (initially compressed by the moving hammer 3) will raise the hammer to its initial position. In this case, the anvil 4 will also be pressed by the spring 5 to the end of the axle box 7 from the side of the shank 18 | tool 6, and the shoulder 19 will abut against the supporting restrictive collar 20 of the cap 8, fixed by threading to the tubular body 1. To produce an impact, it is necessary to sharply press the working tool 6 and the medium to be processed by the tubular body 1. At this point, tool 6 with its shank 18 biases anvil 4 towards the drummer 3, which, with its lateral surface, opens the outlet channels 2 in the tubular body 1 from the side of the chamber 23. Thus, the chamber 23 communicates with the annular chamber 15 of atmospheric pressure, and through the outlet annular channel 16, formed by a coated vibration- and heat-insulating layer 17 of the air-breaker ring 9 and the outer surface of the tubular body 1, with the atmosphere. Air from the chamber 22 will begin to flow through the channels 14 of the anvil 4 into the chamber 23, in communication with the atmosphere through the path described above. In this way, a difference in air pressure is also created between the stroke chamber 21 and the displacement chamber 22. Due to the aforementioned, compressed air from the chamber 21 flows into the chamber 22 and further into the chamber 23 through the channels 2 to the chamber 15 and through the annular channel

16 - to the atmosphere. With a certain local resistance of the channels 13 and 12, the air pressure in the chamber 21 will be higher than in the flow chambers 22, 23 and 15, and under its 5 influence on the area from the side of the chamber 21, the hammer 3 will begin to move towards the anvil 4, compressing the spring 5. Overcoming the resistance of the spring 5 and the air back pressure when displacing it from

0 of the chamber 22, the hammer 3 strikes the anvil 4, which transmits the received shock pulse to the shank 18 of the working tool 6 and further to the medium being processed. With the described four-step

5 compression-expansion of the exhaust air (channel 13 - chamber 22, channels 14 - chamber 23, channels 2 - chamber 15 and channel 16 - atmosphere), along with sufficiently complete and timely emptying of chamber 22, and

Therefore, by lowering the resistance to the movement of the striker 3 on its side, a greater efficiency of the transmission of the shock and the use of compressed air energy is achieved, while the speed of the exhaust air exhaust aerodynamic noise 5 is reduced. In addition, the weakened air pressure at the outlet to the atmosphere through the annular channel 16 and the low rate of its expiration can reduce dust formation and further improve the environmental conditions for the operation of a pneumatic single-impact hammer. Symmetrical arrangement of channels 12 and 13 in drummer 3,

5 channels 14 in the anvil 4 can improve the strength characteristics of the impacted parts, and an increase in the contact surface of the hammer 3, the anvil 4 and the tool shank 18 to reduce the specific impact loads, which results in a longer durability of the impact parts and a long hammer life.

When the load is removed from the housing 1 from the tool 6, the return spring 5 is unclenched 5, exerting pressure on the drummer of the 3rd anvil 4. In turn, the anvil 4 under the influence of the remaining and inflowing air into the chamber 22 through the channels 12 and 13 from the chamber 21, and also act springs 5 from

0, the stop in the free shank 18 of the tool 6 will move, blocking the lateral surface of the exhaust channels 2 in the tubular body 1, the air exhaust from the chamber 22 and 23 will stop, anvil 4 with children

5 the end face of the axle box 7, and the shoulder 19 of the tool 6 - on the shoulder 20 of the cap 8 and will take its original position. The air pressure in the chambers 21, 22 and 23 is equalized and the spring 5 will raise the hammer 3 to its original position. The workflow will be repeated only at the next

the subsequent pressure of the operator on the tubular body 1 with the focus of the tool 6 and the medium being treated. Operating conditions are further improved since the outer surface of cap B at the points of contact with the operator’s hand is covered with a layer 17 of thermal insulation material. In this case, the vibrational mode of operation of the surface of the layer 17 will be more favorable for damping the vibration of the cap 8. The replacement of the tool 6 is carried out as follows. The cap 8 with the air exhaust ring 9, covered with a vibration and heat insulation layer 17, is screwed from the tubular body 1 and separated from it with the output of the shank 4 of the tool 6 from the axle box 7. Then the tool 6 is removed through the hole formed in the end of the ring 9. B In the reverse order, the tool 6, cap 8 and body 1 are assembled.

Claims (1)

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION A single-impact pneumatic hammer including a tubular housing with a chamber working stroke and with exhaust channels, drummer with air-conducting through channel of exhaust, anvil, return spring installed between the drummer and an anvil, a working tool and a cap for holding it relative to the tube. of the case, distinguishing cabbage soup and so. which is anvil made in the form of a cylindrical piston with through radial by symmetry with longitudinal channels, the air-conducting through channel of the firing pin is made central with a calibrated section, remote from the ends of the firing pin, while the air discharge path from the working chamber is formed by the central through channel of the exhaust in the hammer, through longitudinal channels in the anvil, channels in the tubular body, the cap and the clips of the flow chambers between the specified elements, and the cap at the level of the outlet channels of the tubular body has an air baffle ring with an end ring channel of release.