RU1834784C - Multiuniversal machine with automatic changing of tool - Google Patents

Description

. FIELD OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to machine tool industry, and in particular to numerically controlled machine tools.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the reliability of an automatic tool changer.

A comparative analysis of the claimed solution with the prototype shows that in the analogs and prototype the tool magazine is made of non-repairable, non-separable, in the proposed solution it is prefabricated consisting of blocks, each of which, depending on specific conditions, may consist of one or several nests.

In addition, the technical solutions of analogs and prototypes for changing mills with a tapered shank and transmitting torque using keys use the orientation mechanism of the spindle and mandrels located in the magazine sockets to ensure that the positions of the keys on the end face of the spindle coincide with the position of the corresponding grooves on the crown of the mandrel. In the prototype, a special electromechanical drive of the magazine is used to carry out this function, designed to rotate and orient all the mandrels in the magazine and the pneumatic drive

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s h

l fixing the spindle with the mandrel located in the spindle socket.

In the proposed technical solution, the change of any tool is provided without using the mechanism of orientation of the spindle and mandrels.

Compared with the prototype is significant. Another distinguishing feature is the installation of a simplified control unit at each socket of the tool magazine, which at the same time has a dual function: fixing the presence of the tool holder in the magazine socket and the moment the tool holder engages with the spindle parallel keys. In the rototype, there is no control of the presence of the mandrel in the spindle. The tool change in the prototype is carried out in a certain position of the correction spindle, set by the orientation mechanisms, and in order to start the tool changer, the tool holder must be located in the spindle in advance. Manual. Installing the first tool reduces the level of automation of the CNC machine.

In the proposed device, the process of changing the tool and loading the magazine, for example, using a robot, can be fully / automated, since the tool holders can be in the magazine in an arbitrary position in the rotation angle,

On Fig, 1 shows a tool magazine mounted on the table of a CNC machine; figure 2 shows a section aa in figure 1; - in fig.Z-example, illustrating the automatic change of the tool.

Figure 1 shows: 1 - table of the machine, 2

- processed part, 3 - shop, consisting of two tool sockets, 4

- tool sockets, XcOcYc - co-ordinate system of the machine (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 - item numbers of the tool magazine).

Figure 2 shows: 5-spring. 6 - sleeve. 7-nut, 8-spindle, 9-spring, 10

-shroud, 11 - pusher, 12 - microswitch, 13 - bracket, 14 - lever, 15 - spring, 16 - switch.

Fig. 3 shows: 17 - tool holder, 18-groove, 19-tool crown, 20 - cutting tool, 21 - CNC machine spindle, 22. - prismatic key, Z - spindle axis, - k - clearance between spindle cone and the mandrel cone. C is the gap between the head of the switch 16 and the lever 14, a is the first working area of the lever, d is the gap between the non-rotating part of the spindle and the end face of the casing 10, g is the gap between the flange of the sleeve 6 and the inner base of the casing 10, b is the second working area of the lever.

Stanox software control works as follows.

On the table 1 of the CNC machine, taking into account the installation, fixing and processing of part 2 or a group of parts in the free zone, the required number of blocks 3 of the tool magazine are installed, having

one or more tool sockets A (FIG. 1). When the mandrel in the socket is absent, the spring-loaded lever 14, turning around its axis, acts on the pusher 11, which rises above the plane of the sleeve 6. Between the head of the switch 16 and the lever 14 there is a gap C. Then, the slots 4 are installed manually or using an industrial robot tool holders 17, according to the control

programs and sketch of adjustment, while the pusher 11 under the influence of the crown 19 of the mandrel 17 is recessed, pressing the lever 14, which in turn presses its working area and the switch 16 micro5. the switch 12, fixing the presence of a tool holder in the socket of the store (Fig.1,2,3, pos.2).

According to a predetermined program, the spindle (Fig. 3) approaches the tool block located to the left or to the right of the zero of the Os machine, in an arbitrary angle of rotation position to the position of the tool that should work in accordance with the program coaxially with its axis. Next, moving along the -Z axis, the spindle 21, with its prismatic keys 22, presses the crown 19 of the mandrel 17, which in turn presses the sleeve 6, compressing the spring 5 (Fig. 2, Fig. Z, pos. Z). After squeezing

0 the spring, by a certain amount, the movement along the -Z axis stops and periodically turns on and off the spindle push mode with a predetermined period of time. When the 5 l spindle is turned on for a short time in the push-spindle mode and under the influence of the compressed spring force 5, the key keys 22 fall into the corresponding grooves 18 located on the crown 19 of the mandrel 17, while the sleeve 6 sec

0 the mandrel 17 moves towards the spindle, choosing the gap K between the cone of the mandrel and the cone of the spindle 21. When moving the sleeve 6 with it moves to the end at the end of the fixed part

5 spindle, casing 10 (Fig. 3, item 4), and with further movement of sleeve 6, casing 10 will begin to compress two diametrically located springs 9 located on the struts 8, thereby creating a gap g. since the height of the protrusion 22. Pusher

11, holding its head on the flange of the sleeve 6, will also move together with it to the side of the spindle, and the lever 14 under the influence of a compressed spring. 15 rotates around its axis of rotation until it stops at the end of the follower 11. When turning, the lever presses the switch 16 with its second working area b. The microswitch fixes the moment of engagement of the mandrel 17 with the spindle 21 (Fig. 2, Fig. 3, item 4) .. Obviously, the compressive force of the spring 5 should .. exceed the compressive force of the spring 9. In addition, we have the equality h (d + g).

After that, the machine’s electro-automation stops pushing the spindle and executes the tool clamp command, while the tool holder 17 is fixed in the machine spindle. The spindle 21 according to the program leaves the tool holder from the zone of the tool magazine for machining the part 2, mounted on the table 1 of the machine with PU (Fig. 1).

After machining the part 1, the rotation of the spindle 21 is stopped. Then, according to the program, the spindle with the mandrel approaches the corresponding free tool position of the magazine, is lowered into the sleeve 6. The squeeze command is turned on and the mandrel 17 is released from the spindle. The spindle moves in the program in the + Z direction to take the next tool. The tool change cycle is repeated.

An example of an automatic tool change method using a spindle is shown in the table.

The proposed multi-purpose CNC machine has wider technological capabilities compared to single-tool CNC machines due to the automation of tool changes, without the use of complex mechanisms and devices (auto operator, traditional store, automatic spindle orientation mechanism), allows more complete use of the working area the machine when processing small-sized parts, increasing its versatility.

Claims (1)

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION A multi-purpose machine tool with an automatic tool changer comprising a vertical spindle headstock with a spindle. . connected to the tool by means of dowels at the end face of the spindle, a working table with an expandable tool magazine of a modular design installed on it, each module of which includes one socket with a spring-loaded sleeve for the tool, and a tool presence control unit having the number of control units with limit switches 0 l mi is equal to the number of nests of the store, with l and y u and with that. in order to increase reliability by simplifying the design of the tool presence control unit, each control unit includes a casing mounted concentrically to the sleeve with an annular collar under the tool crown, an arm with a lever pivotally mounted on it, a flat spring, a pusher and 0 at least two spring-loaded stops, and the bracket is mounted on a casing that is connected to the sleeve by means of the said stops, one1 end of the spring is fixed on the lever with the possibility of interaction with the limit switch, and the other is free and installed with the possibility of interaction, vi with one of the ends of the pusher, the opposite end of which is made with 0 the possibility of interacting with the tool, while the casing is made with the possibility of limited movement relative to the sleeve, and the pusher is located in the casing. Example The content of the elements of the work cycle Insert tool into spindle - access to the machine About Provides control. program .12 fifteen 6 7 .12 V 5 - EXIT 3 POSITION tool store -moving along the axis of the spindle towards the tool magazine - take tool - Push spindle tool clamp - exit the spindle with a tool from shop bushings -Exit to the position of processing parts Spindle tool release -output about the machine -Exit to the free position of the tool magazine -moving along the axis of the spindle towards the tool. shop tool release -exit the freed spindle from the store zone -Exit to the position of the tool magazine Provided by electro automation Provided by program Provided by program -Center program Provided by program P - Provided by electroautomatics Provided by program Provided by program -Center program Provided by program P Note. The coding of the program frames is made in accordance with GOST 20EZE-78 as applied to the CNC system for the 6R13FZ machine. FIG. 2  No. / 703fjtfW-: 3. t; :,: JT -,: -. 17 Yu & / 7ff3VifW I LozitsyuZh / 7ff3vyw2Z pt / & 3