RU183205U1 - Compressed air source for the underwater hull air lubrication system - Google Patents

Abstract

The proposed device relates to compressor equipment used on ships operating in ice conditions, and is intended to increase the ice penetration of ships.

The compressed air source of the air lubrication system of the underwater part of the ship’s hull is characterized in that it contains a block of dry compression compressors fixed in the compartment of the ship’s hull, connected in parallel to each other by air ducts, and the outlet of each compressor is connected by an air duct with holes formed in the underwater part of the ship’s hull and on the suction of each of the compressors are installed heaters of intake air.

The proposed utility model expands the arsenal of technical means used for effective pneumo-washing of the ship’s hull, with the aim of improving ice permeability when the ship is moving in continuous ice by preventing sticking of broken ice on the ship’s hull.

Description

The proposed device relates to compressor equipment used on ships operating in ice conditions, and is intended to increase the ice penetration of ships.

In particular, this utility model can be used as a source of compressed air for receiving and supplying excess pressure air to special openings below the vessel’s waterline (for pneumatic washing of the vessel’s hull) in order to improve ice penetration when the vessel is moving in continuous ice by preventing sticking of broken ice on the hull.

A device is known that increases the ice penetration of the vessel by increasing the air washing of the vessel, containing horizontal and inclined manifolds in communication with the outlet openings located along the sides and in the bow of the ship’s hull and connected to a source of compressed air, in which the collectors are made in the form of box-shaped adjustments and are located outside the hull the vessel symmetrically to the diametrical plane along the cheekbone and the stem below the water level, and the holes are made in the walls of the trim and face the bottom of the hull (author USSR Certificate No. 1125151, IPC ВВВ 35/08, 1984 publication).

The device for ships is known (Finnish patent FI47061, IPC B63B 35/08, B63B 1/38, publication 1973), which is a vessel equipped with a system of underwater openings for blowing air in communication with the compressor and located on the sides of the vessel and in the bow, while the holes are located in one or almost the same horizontal plane at a distance of 30-50% of the draft of the vessel, and the air pressure in the holes is only slightly higher than the external pressure of the water.

Known analog devices are characterized by significant energy losses that reduce the effectiveness of the pneumatic washing of the hull.

A device is known for increasing the ice penetration of a ship’s hull, containing a source of compressed air located on the hull of the ship with the outer skin and pneumatically connected by a pipe to the exhaust nozzle, in which, in order to increase the operation of the device, the exhaust nozzle is located on the outer skin of the ship’s hull below the waterline (USSR author's certificate No. 510414, IPC B63B 35/08, publication 1976).

Known pneumatic washer device (POU), or air lubrication, consisting of a compressor and a pipe system through which air is supplied to openings in the underwater hull located on the sides in the underwater part of the bow of the ship at a pressure slightly higher than hydrostatic. Coming out of the holes and rising upwards, it creates a vertical stream of air-water mixture, forms a layer between the hull of the vessel and the ice, washes the underwater part of the hull. The stream also removes small fragments of ice from the hull, wets the ice in contact with the side and flushes ice crumb and snow from the side, thereby reducing the resistance of the ice to the movement of the vessel. (Kalinina N.V. Influence of a pneumatic washer on the speed of icebreakers // Modern Problems of Science and Education. - 2015. - No. 1-1, URL: http://science-education.ru/ru/article/view?id=18924 )

The objective of this utility model is to expand the arsenal of technical means used for effective pneumoflash of the ship’s hull, with the goal of improving ice permeability when the ship is moving in continuous ice by preventing sticking of broken ice onto the ship’s hull.

The essence of the utility model is as follows.

The compressed air source of the air lubrication system of the underwater part of the ship’s hull is characterized in that it contains a block of dry compression compressors fixed in the compartment of the ship’s hull, connected in parallel to each other by air ducts, and the outlet of each compressor is connected by an air duct with holes formed in the underwater part of the ship’s hull and on the suction of each of the compressors are installed heaters of intake air.

The compressor unit contains a common operation control unit.

Each compressor contains a local operation control unit.

The compressor unit includes three rotary compressors.

In FIG. 1 is a diagram of a compressed air source for an air lubrication system of an underwater part of a ship’s hull; FIG. 2 is an external view of a dry compression compressor; FIG. 3 is the same, top view, in FIG. 4 is a connection diagram of a control unit of a compressed air source of an air lubrication system of an underwater part of a ship’s hull.

The compressed air source of the air lubrication system of the underwater part of the ship’s hull (see Fig. 1) includes the intake air duct 1 of the intake air from the ship’s ventilation shaft (not shown conditionally) fixed in the compartment of the ship’s hull, three intake air heaters 2, designed to heat the intake air air at low temperature (below minus 5 ° С), three dry compression compressors 3, designed to produce compressed air, air dampers with electric drives 4 are installed on the supercharger GOVERNMENTAL air ducts vessel and are intended for distribution of compressed air supplied from the compressor 3 into the channel 5 starboard or portside air conduit 6. The air pipes of the right and left sides are connected to the openings formed in the underwater part of the hull.

Dry compression compressors (see Fig. 2) are fixed in the compartment of the ship’s hull and include a rotary compressor (not shown conditionally) located in the casing 7, the inlet duct 8, the outlet duct 9, and a local control unit 10.

To control the compressed air source of the air lubrication system of the underwater part of the ship’s hull (see Fig. 4), three local control units 10 of dry compression compressors 3, three local control units of 11 heaters 2, a common unit, fixed in the compartment of the vessel’s hull, are used control 12 of the compressed air source of the air lubrication system of the underwater part of the ship’s hull, designed to control the operation of the equipment in manual, automatic and remote operation.

The compressed air source of the air lubrication system of the underwater part of the hull operates as follows.

Air taken from the atmosphere through the ship’s ventilation shaft enters the intake duct 1 (see Fig. 1), from where it enters the heaters 2 and is heated to a positive temperature (above 10-15 ° C), then it is compressed by dry compression compressors 3.

In dry compressors 3 (see FIGS. 2 and 3), rotary compressors are used, which have a long service life and are located in the casing 7, the air enters the inlet duct 8 and is compressed to a pressure of the order of 0.15-0.25 MPa, air it is also heated to a temperature of about 60-80 ° C and is sent through the outlet duct 9 to the ship’s discharge ducts 5 and 6. The local compressor operation control unit 10 provides manual and automatic control of the compressor operation, as well as protection and signaling of the compressor in accordance with the requirements of aniyami rules PMPC.

The local control unit of 11 heaters provides air heating at temperatures below minus 5 ° C and monitoring the state of the parameters of the heating elements. Air under pressure through air dampers with electric drives 4 enters the discharge air ducts of the right 5 or left 6 side. The number of simultaneously running compressors 3 can be from one to three, depending on the need (either from the air supply to the starboard or port side), the compressors 3 are connected in parallel and, thanks to the presence of air ducts and air dampers with electric drives 4, are interreserved, one compressor being a spare .

Air is fed through the air ducts of the starboard 5 and starboard 6 to the openings formed in the underwater part of the ship’s hull, then leaving the holes and rising upwards, it creates a vertical flow of air-water mixture, forms a layer between the ship’s hull and ice, lubricates the underwater hull, thereby reducing the resistance of the ice to the movement of the vessel.

The control unit 12 of the compressed air source of the air lubrication system of the underwater part of the ship’s hull (see Fig. 4) controls both in manual and automatic control mode.

In manual mode, from the local operator panel of the control unit 12, one to three compressors 3 can be launched into simultaneous operation on any of the sides, and compressors 3 can also be launched to operate simultaneously on two sides of the icebreaker by transmitting a signal to the local control units of 10 compressors.

The signal to start and stop the compressor for automatic operation can be sent from a common control unit 12, a local control unit 10 (installed on the compressor) and remotely from the ship automation system. The compressor starts and stops in automatic mode according to the maximum and minimum pressure in the network, the maximum and minimum pressure values are configured on the operator panel of the local control unit 10.

Generalized signals are transmitted to the ship system:

- "Willingness to work";

- "Work";

- "Crash".

When the compressor is operating, the control panel 10 displays the current values of the operating parameters; during an emergency stop, the cause of the emergency stop is deciphered.

The automatic control unit 12 provides for the issuance to the ship's control system of generalized compressor status signals, as well as decrypting fault signals using the RS-485 protocol.

In automatic mode, the operation of the compressed air source equipment of the air lubrication system of the underwater part of the ship’s hull is carried out according to the algorithm below.

From the ship's control system to the control unit 12, a command is issued to turn on the compressor on the port or starboard side. The control unit 12 issues a command to open the air dampers with electric actuators 4 to ensure the supply of compressed air to the desired side. After the formation of signals about the opening of the corresponding air dampers 4, a command is issued to the local control unit 10 of the compressor to start. The compressor starts, fulfilling the start-up algorithm embedded in the local control unit of the compressor 10, at a temperature of intake air below minus 5 ° С from the local control unit of the compressor 10 to the local control unit of the heater 11 a command is issued to turn on the heater (dry contact). In the process of operation, emergency parameters of heaters 2, compressors 3 and air dampers 4 are monitored. Information about the state of the system is transmitted to the ship's control system via RS-485 protocol.

A feature of the compressed air source of the air lubrication system of the underwater hull is:

- the use of air heating before compression to protect the compressors from cold air and failure (suction of cold air, without heating, can lead to cracks on the case), in addition, hot air is more effective for air lubrication;

- the use of dry compression compressors, which improves the environmental situation, as it prevents the release of oil into the sea during the operation of compressors;

- the use of three compressors, which increases the reliability and maneuverability of the system;

- the use of a common control unit that allows you to effectively manage the operation of the equipment of the air lubrication system of the underwater part of the hull.

The proposed utility model expands the arsenal of technical means used for effective air lubrication of the underwater part of the hull of the ship’s hull, with the goal of improving ice permeability when the ship is moving in continuous ice by preventing sticking of broken ice to the hull of the ship.

Claims (4)

1. The compressed air source of the air lubrication system of the underwater part of the ship’s hull, characterized in that it contains a block of dry compression compressors fixed in the compartment of the ship’s hull, parallelly connected by air ducts to each other, while the output of each compressor is connected by an air duct with openings formed in the underwater parts of the hull of the vessel, and on the suction of each of the compressors, heaters for intake air are installed. 2. A source of compressed air according to claim 1, characterized in that the compressor unit comprises a common operation control unit. 3. A source of compressed air according to claim 1, characterized in that each compressor comprises a local operation control unit. 4. A source of compressed air according to claim 1, characterized in that the compressor unit includes three rotary compressors.

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