RU1831294C - Fodder for ruminating animals process - Google Patents

Abstract

Usage: agriculture, feed production. The inventive wood-straw substrate with a straw content of not less than 20% is moistened with a solution of ammonia or ammonium salt of organic acids, taken in an amount of 1-2% to the dry matter of the mixture, to a moisture content of 60-75%, followed by maintaining the mixture until a mycelium appears fungus Coprinus clnereus. This provides a highly nutritious feed for ruminants. 1.z.p. crystals, 2 tab.

Description

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The invention relates to animal husbandry, in particular to the feeding of ruminants, and can be used directly in farms.

The purpose of the invention is the development of a method of converting wood into ruminant feed, protecting the environment through the full use of chemicals, improving manufacturability, reducing the cost of manual labor and energy, cheapening, as well as increasing the nutritional value of wood, its animal eatability and the prevention of spoilage aerobic conditions at its humidity of 60% and above due to the creation of conditions for the development of the fungus. Coprinus clnereus in it.

The results of the experiments showed that the spores of the fungus Coprinus clnereus are absent on wood. Unlike straw treated with ammonia or ammonia

wood salts of organic acids

biotechnological sawdust does not germinate with the mycelium of C.clnereus fungus. This fungus also grows upon inoculation of suitably prepared wood.

The goal is achieved in that the wood is crushed to the state of sawdust and mixed with straw, chopped into pieces up to 10 cm long, counting at least 20% of the dry matter of the mixture. Then the mixture is loaded into the trench. Each layer of the mixture with a thickness of not more than 80 cm is wetted with an aqueous solution of ammonium salts of organic acids at the rate of 1-2% of the reagent to the dry weight of the mixture. After filling the trench, the mixture is kept for 10-20 days without shelter. When a mycelium appears, the mixture is ready to be fed. An aqueous solution is prepared in such a way as to provide a humidity of the mixture of 60-75%.

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In the case when ammonia is used instead of ammonium salts of organic acids, it is used in an amount of 1.5-2% of the dry matter of the mixture and the treatment is carried out in the same way, but the mixture is sealed for a period of 10-20 days.

Mikorm begin to feed when a mycelium appears and end when a fruit body appears. The quality control of the feed is carried out organoleptically. If mikorm does not have an unpleasant odor of mold, then it is benign. Excess feed is stored as a silo under anaerobic conditions or processed into pellets and briquettes. Our proposed method provides the growth of the edible fungus Coprlnus clnereus.

The use of this method in comparison with the existing ones makes it possible to abandon expensive equipment, prevents pollution of the environment near it, improves the safety of work, eliminates the use of highly qualified specialists, reduces the cost of production.

P r them er. In the experiment, we determined the effect of different ratios in a mixture of wood and winter wheat straw, mixture humidity, different concentrations of ammonia and ammonium acetic acid on the rate of occurrence of mycelium of C.cinereus fungus (Table 1). The mixture was placed in containers at a density of 60 kg / m3. When using ammonia, the vessels with the treated mixture were sealed for 10 days. The period of occurrence of the mycelium was determined after depressurization of the containers. When using ammonium acetate, sealing was not carried out.

The data in table 1 indicate that only at a twenty percent concentration of straw and humidity of 60% and higher, the mixture successfully sprouts mycelium. At the same time, a dose of ammonia of 3% was ineffective.

Our task was to determine the minimum concentration of straw in the mixture. Studying the effect of the maximum specific gravity of the straw component on the rate of mycelium and the quality of the prepared feed was not worthwhile, since it is known that with an increase in the concentration of spore carriers, i.e. straw, these indicators will improve. In additional studies, it was found that humidity should be regulated within the range of 60-75%. Humidity of more than 75% is undesirable since excess solution is leaking due to the loss of water-soluble nutrients. For all parameters, the best dose of ammonia was 1-2%, and ammonium acetic acid 1-3%. It should be noted that with lower doses of this

reagent (0.25: 0.5%), the mixture was rotted.

In additional studies, the effect of other ammonium salts of organic acids (formic, propionic, lactic, butyric, a mixture of higher fatty - 90% and volatile - 10%) on the studied parameters was studied. It turned out that this effect is comparable to that with the use of ammonium acetate. Studied the effect

5 different density of the mixture at the rate of occurrence of the mycelium of the fungus. It turned out that its density should not exceed 100 kg of dry matter in one cubic meter. By increasing this parameter, access

0 air oxygen decreases and spores do not germinate.

It was found that the mixture germinates with mycelium at its temperature from 4 to 45 ° C. Temperature over 45 ° C kills

5 mushroom. As for the ambient temperature, this indicator does not matter when laying the mixture in the trench, since during the life of the fungus the mixture is heated to the indicated

0 temperature values. The main indicator of the quality of the feed is its content of easily digestible carbohydrates (cellobiose and glycogen). According to chemical analyzes, it was

5 as follows (Table 2).

As shown by chemical studies, wood did not contain easily digestible carbohydrates. In straw, there were no more than 0.3% of them. As a result of fermenting them

Claims (2)

0 content increased sharply (Table 2). The data in Table 2 suggest that the optimal dose of these reagents should be 1-2%. This also applies to other tested ammonium salts of organic acids. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 1. A method of preparing ruminant feed, comprising wetting a substrate of straw with nutritious 0 solution to a moisture content of 60-75%, followed by maintaining the mixture until the mycelium of the fungus Coprlnus clnereus appears, and so on, in order to reduce the cost of feed, utilize wood waste and protect the environment environment, as a substrate use a wood-straw mixture containing wood sawdust and chopped straw, taken in an amount of at least 20% of the total amount of the mixture, as a nutrient The solution uses a solution of ammonia or ammonium salt of organic acids, taken in an amount providing the content of these reagents 1-2% to the dry matter of the mixture. The influence of various technological parameters on the rate of occurrence mycelium 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that. that when the mixture is treated with an ammonia solution, the mixture is covered for 10-20 days. Table table 2 The content of cellobiose and glycogen in the feed, prepared on 20% straw and 80% wood Continuation of table 1