RU1827579C - Instrument for determining hardness of polymeric materials - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to techniques for measuring physical quantities, in particular to the construction of a three-indenter rubber hardness tester and can be used in the rubber, tire and plastics industries. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: a hardness factor calculation unit, a non-volatile data memory unit, a read-only memory unit, a manipulator and a discrete control unit for a manipulator, a digital indicator, a digital printing device, and an intelligent optoelectronic sensor for small displacements are introduced into the device. 6 c.p. f-ly, 10 ill.

Description

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WITH

The invention relates to techniques for measuring physical quantities, in particular to the construction of a three-indenter rubber hardness tester and can be used in the rubber, tire and plastics industries.

The aim of the invention is to increase the accuracy and speed of the instrument, as well as the reliability of the measurement results.

In FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a device for measuring the hardness of polymeric materials; in FIG. 2 design of a hardness tester for polymeric materials; in FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an intelligent sensor; in FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an optoelectronic meter; in FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a converter for moving an indenter to a digital code; in FIG. 6 - principal

logic pulse filter circuit; in FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an electronic nonius; in FIG. 8 is a block diagram of the algorithm of the device; in FIG. 9 is a diagram of a logical filter; in FIG. 10 is a timing diagram of electronic nonius signals.

The device for measuring the hardness of polymeric materials (Fig. 2) contains a housing 1 on which a table 2 is movably mounted, having a cone-shaped protrusion 3 in the center and ending with a rod 4. The main load 5 is placed on its protrusion 3 by its lower inner conical part made in the form of a hollow cylinder. The main load with its upper conical part

5 lies in the mating cone - the cone

6 of the suspension 7. The upper end of the suspension 7 is made in the form of a cone 8, which, when moving, enters the hole 9 of the housing 1. B

with y

X 01 XI Yu

the upper part of the suspension 7 is rigidly mounted lower traverse 10, which with the help of t 11 is rigidly connected to the upper traverse 12, in the center of which is mounted a support 13.

The indenters 14 are rigidly fastened to each other by a washer 15 with a support 16 mounted in the middle. The washer 15 has a protruding part in the form of a cone 17. The upper end of the support 16 has a spherical surface with a center located in the geometric center of the plane passing through the centers of the spheres indenters. The rod 18 is located freely in the clamp 19 and comes into contact from below with the support 13, and from above with the tip 20 of the displacement meter 21, the Tip 20 is equipped with a latch 22, the Clamping weight 23 has holes 24 for passing rod 11, holes

25 for skipping indenters 14, holes

26 for the lifting and lowering mechanism of the clamping load (not conditionally shown in the diagram), the central hole 27 is of a regular shape. Three protrusions from below around the hole 25 carry out a swath of presser legs 28, pressing the sample 29 with normalized force to the supporting surface 30 of the housing 1. In the housing 1 (Fig. 1) there are also a hardness coefficient calculating unit 31, a read-only memory unit 32. non-volatile data storage unit 33, discrete control unit 34, the manipulator 35, the digital printing device 36, the digital display unit 37, and the storage hopper 38.

The manipulator 35 (FIG. 1) comprises a sample cartridge control mechanism 39, a loading device 40, a main load lifting mechanism 4-1, a clamping weight mechanism 42, and a clamping mechanism 42.

The smart sensor (Fig. 3) of small displacements consists of an optoelectronic displacement meter 43 and a linear displacement transducer 44 into a digital code.

The optoelectronic meter (Fig. 4) is a displacement transducer and an impulse signal and contains an optical array 67, with a lattice pitch of 16 μm, rigidly connected to tip 20 (Fig. 2) and optocouplers 68. Linear displacement transducer 44 into a digital code ( Fig. 5) contains two amplifiers 45 and 46, the inputs of which are connected to the outputs of the optoelectronic meter 43, comparators 47 and 48, the inputs of which are connected to the outputs of amplifiers 45 and 46, respectively, and the inputs of the reference voltage Uon, the outputs of the comparators 47, 48 are connected to the entrances

logic filter 49 and to the first and second inputs of electronic nonius block 5, logic filter 49, 1st and 2nd counters 50 and 51, the inputs of which are connected to the corresponding outputs of the logical filter, and the outputs are connected to the data bus of microprocessor 31, block 52 electronic nonius, on the 3 and 4 inputs of which the outputs of the amplifiers 45 and 46 are connected, respectively, and the outputs to the data bus of the microprocessor 31.

Logic filter 49 (Fig. 6) contains two inverters 53, 54, two elements 55 and 56 AND, delay lines on RC circuits.

Block 52 electronic nonius of FIG. 7 contains three amplifiers 57. 58 and 59, six comparators 60-65, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of an eight-bit register 66, a chain of potentiometric resistors 67 connected to the outputs of amplifiers 57, 58, 59,

The operation of the device is carried out under the control of the computing unit 31, which is a microprocessor, according to the program stored in the program memory 32, a block diagram of the control program algorithm is shown in Fig. 8, According to the program, the microprocessor generates, in a certain sequence, the instruction codes that are transmitted via the data bus to the input of the discrete control unit 34 of the manipulator, block 34 is a power transistor switch board controlled by microprocessor signals. The signals from the unit 34 via the power control bus are input to the actuators for controlling the cassette 39, controlling the loading device 40, lifting the main load 41, lifting the pressing weight 42, controlling the movement control clamp of the tip 20 and actuating them according to the algorithm (Fig. . 8). The spent sample from the working space is pushed by the next sample into the storage hopper 38.

The displacement meter 21 intelligent optoelectronic sensor operates as follows.

When moving the tip 20 of the meter 43, the optical grating 67 moves simultaneously with it, as a result of which the pulsed sinusoidal signals are generated at the outputs of the meter 43, taking zero values at each bias of the grating 67 by one step (16 microns). The signals at the outputs between each other are shifted 90 °. These signals are fed to amplifiers 45, 46, the amplified signals are fed to comparators 47, 47 and to the inputs of block 52. Rectangular signals generated at the outputs of the comparators, shifted by 90 relative to each other, are fed to a logic filter 49, at the output of which pulses are generated or direct or reverse counting. These pulses are fed to the inputs of counters 50 and 51, forward and backward counters (K580VI53 series counters and timers are used as counters), when the tip 20 is moved forward, the filter 49 passes pulses to the input of the direct counted counter 50, it passes through the reverse movement pulses to the input of the counter 51 countdown. The price of these pulses is 16 microns. Since the timer counters work in the opposite direction, to determine the actual value of the pulses, it is necessary to perform the following calculation

Mfzkt Nl - N2,

where Mfact - the actual value of the pulses;

NI - initial value of the counter;

N2 is the final value of the counter.

To determine the true value of the indenter displacement, it is necessary to subtract the values of the countdown counter 51 from the value of the direct counter 50 and multiply the difference by 16 microns.

L Mn. - Mob. sixteen.

where L is the true value of the indenter displacement in microns.

This will be a result on a rough scale. To increase the accuracy of the sensor, an electronic nonius block 52 is used, which is the converter logic block of FIG. 7. At the output of block 52, a code is generated which is read by the microprocessor 31 through the data buses and in the table stored in the read-only memory 32, the corresponding value of the exact indenter movement in units of measurement (in this case um) is selected in accordance with the read code. those. this will be the result of the nonius of the exact reference. The total result of moving the indenter will be equal

L (Nnp.cn. - Mob.sc.) -16 + 1, (3)

where I is the vernier reading in units. rev. (microns).

Thus, with a resolution of the optical grating of 16 μm, the measurement will occur with an accuracy of 1 μm.

Logic filter 49 operates according to the diagram of FIG. 9.

Electronic nonius 52 (Fig. 7) works as follows.

Potentiometric resistors set the threshold level of operation of comparators 60-65 so that the signals at their outputs have a shift by

5 1/16 steps of the optical array. The timing diagrams of the signals and the correspondence table are shown in FIG. 10. Thus, the resolution of the sensor is increased to 1 micron. The code of the comparators is sent to an eight-bit register 66, from which it is read by the microprocessor via the data bus and in the table stored in the program memory 32, in accordance with the code read in the register 66, the corresponding value of the units of movement is selected15.

Thus, the proposed device eliminates the disadvantages of the prototype, improves the speed of the device, accuracy

20 and the reliability of the measurement results and allows you to print the results on a solid medium, and also allows you to save the results in a non-volatile data memory during emergency shutdown

25 meals.

Claims (7)

1. An instrument for determining the hardness of polymeric materials, containing corvvc with a gouging table, indenters placed 30 against it and an indenter loading unit, characterized in that, in order to increase the accuracy and speed of the device, as well as the reliability of the measurement results, it is equipped with blocks 35 hardness coefficient calculations, a non-volatile data memory block, a read-only memory block, a manipulator and a discrete control block for a manipulator, a digital indicator. 40 digital printing device connected to the indenter by an intelligent opto-electronic displacement sensor, the output of the hardness factor calculation unit is connected to the bus, to which 45 inputs and outputs of the non-volatile data memory unit, outputs of the read-only memory unit, are connected discrete control unit for the manipulator, digital indicator and digital printing 50 device, and the information input of the hardness coefficient calculation unit is connected to the output of an intelligent optoelectronic sensor. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the manipulator is made in the form of a cassette for samples, a cassette control mechanism, a loading device, a mechanism for lifting the clamping load, a mechanism for lifting the main load i storage hopper. 3. The device according to claim 1, wherein the manipulator control unit includes power transistor switches. 4. The device according to claim 1. characterized in that the intelligent optoelectronic sensor is made in the form of an optoelectronic displacement meter and a linear displacement transducer into a digital code. 5. The device according to paragraphs. 1 and 4, the reason is that the linear displacement transducer into a digital code is made in the form of two amplifiers, the inputs of which are connected to the outputs of the optoelectronic meter, two comparators, the inputs of which are connected to the outputs of the amplifiers of the electronic unit nonius and logical filter, the inputs of which are connected to the outputs Phi & 1 comparators, the first and second counters, the inputs of which are connected to the corresponding outputs of the logic filter, microprocessors connected to the outputs of the counters, the inputs of the electronic nonius block are connected to the outputs of the amplifiers, and the outputs to the bus of the microprocessor. 6. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that the logic filter is made in the form two inverters, two AND elements and a delay line on RC circuits. 7. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that the electronic nonius block is made in the form of three amplifiers, six comparators, an eight-bit register, the inputs of which are connected to the outputs of the comparators, potentiometric resistors connected to the inputs of the comparators and with the outputs of the amplifiers. I Phi & 2 FIAZ FIG. Fig 5 Fi & 6 Thebes. / L / cjc B 1   g ag / ulg7b ofyxuett favcerw o / oajo- ee fyxK / yo6i cfv & . L Replace / Corner; Snake - f wow na / rcxvffHsi isrtdfMr 0 / Da 1 SutMcvrftri / e 2 crc / nt / fttfotff jfv I Lrezdrazobame I le / youth Ј -way TQepdocnnf 1 Zalislis &. f &. fr aZraztsob RAM Ј / oe te / fffctsr zade / e scha b ce BotOoff t / noooo / zs fS fa 1 / m iksch / o fot & xJ rezu / pgagvaTg lanreactfesf fa VTgVg / TT COM eu) Zsigam stej / mg aa 0jft0irts r t / # 0ett / TTQ / UCt & €. 8 L / e mai cvf / ff a C B LL Ofya / nrtb / d cvffsn / 2 g s 3 & d r b Ptss. & - & Figure 10