RU1825307C - Root washing apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

Usage: in agricultural livestock breeding and food industry and can be used, for example, for washing potatoes and other root crops in fodder shops for the preparation of complete feed mixtures with a flow line for the thermochemical processing of straw, in the preparation of complete feed mixtures in pig breeding and sheep breeding. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION that the device for washing root crops contains a first chamber for dry cleaning cod root tubers, a stone trap and a second chamber for their final washing, a sump with an inlet and a drain pipe The invention relates to agricultural livestock breeding and the food industry and can be used, for example, for washing potatoes and other root crops in feed workshops for the preparation of holoratory feed mixtures with a flow line with thermochemical processing of straw and in pig husbandry by pipelines and an intake pipe for feeding vis a sediment. An intake with a filter element is mounted in the upper part of the sump, connected to an outlet pipe for supplying water to the stone trap, and the sleeping pipe is installed obliquely and communicates with the final washing chamber with the lower part of the sump. A stone trap is located between the first and second chambers and is made in the form of a hollow drum with collars in the inner part for collecting stones and directing them into pockets. There is a hemispherical reflective screen at the top. On the outer cylindrical surface of the stone trap drum, receiving pockets are diametrically and oppositely arranged with respect to each other, each of which is provided with stone collection windows and a shutter mounted on a transverse axis and used to eject stones from the collection zone. To return stones that accidentally fall into the chamber from a stone trap, spiral coils are fixed on the inner closed surface of the bar drum. 1 wpp, 5 ill. The purpose of the invention is to simplify the construction and increase the efficiency of stone separation. The proposed device for washing root crops contains a chamber for dry cleaning root crops, a stone trap, and the hollow drum is attached to the end part of the bar drum windowsCO 00 00 eaten about vj oe

Description

for washing the root crops, a sump with an outlet and drain pipelines, with a device for unloading soil sludge, with a collection of water residues from washed tubers, while a stone trap is located between the dry cleaning tubers of the root crops and the final washing chamber, made in the form of a hollow drum with a diametrically opposing receiving pockets with opening flaps. In the inner cavity of the hollow drum-trap, to the bearing housing of the central shaft with the help of brackets, a reflective screen with an adjustable shutter in the lower part of the screen is vertically mounted, the screen dampens the inertia of the product with the stones of the dry cleaning drum thrown by unloading blades, it does not immediately get into the washing drum and sends it to the drum-trap, where the stones are deposited on the bottom of the drum and, when the drum-trap rotates, fall into the windows of the pockets, where they are grouped and prepared for throwing. Root crops are dipped into the water layer about the trap zone under the influence of constant jets and a certain constant thickness of the water layer, they emerge and, driven by the movement of water, overcome a 50 mm end collar between the trap chamber and the final washing drum, enter the final washing zone, where they are washed in contact with each other with a bar drum, the chamber is installed at an angle of 2 °, at the outlet they are picked up by unloading vanes and discharged onto a collector of water residues consisting of an inclined plane consisting of of cross-bars in relation to the movement of root crops.

When touched with rolling tubers, the rods leave (collect) a thin residual water layer, which is borne by the root crops, touch, the water disintegrates onto the film and with the help of mobile drops, the remaining water is discharged into the collector, the collector body is connected through openings through the end wall of the washing device. The collection consists of three walls of an inclined bar at the top.

A drain pipe is mounted below the collection of water residues and connected to the sump. The sump Lm should be divided into three parts, one pipe from the bottom is mounted at an angle to the pipe. A filtering device is installed on the hanging brackets under the overhang pipe, which makes a fence from the upper part of the sump.

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The sump has a conical bottom, which facilitates the qualitative removal of perturbed useful, ground particles from the sump by RG machines by means of a sump mounted through the hull body at an angle of the pipe not reaching the truncated bottom by 150 mm. In the suction zone, a pipe with holes for stirring is connected. The construction of the sump is a self-clarifying water method. If we imagine that there is a multi-ton water column above the mounted drain pipe, and water is contaminated with sand, ground particles in the absence of air jets, all particles are microscopic to large sizes, polluting the water heavier than it and under the water column they don’t go to the top, they are immediately precipitated in the absence of constant stirring factors.

The water is clarified above the drain pipe in the sump, and the higher the collector, the brighter the water. In the idle state, the water level in the washing device and the sump is the same, since the two tanks are connected by a slip pipe. When the pump is on, water is taken from the upper part of the sump, the filtering device installed under the intake pipe along the entire diameter of the tank serves more as a mechanism preventing from agitation.

Thus, prior to the filter, a physical process of self-cleaning of the liquid from insoluble particles occurs.

Water is used repeatedly until the earth sludge approaches the discharge zone to a critical point in the sump. The RH is connected to the pipe of the discharge sump of the washing device, the pump is turned on, the supply to the washing bath is shut off, and it is turned on for agitation for 5-6 seconds, after which the pump is turned off. Sludge with agitated water of the lower layer is sucked to a certain level in the sump, water is added to the second working level, and useful earth sludge is drained to the floor.

Fig. 1 schematically shows a device for washing tubers, longitudinal section; figure 2 - schematically shows a stone trap, a longitudinal section; in Fig.3 - section aa in Fig.1; figure 4 is a view along arrow B in figures 1 and 2; figure 5 is a view along arrow B in figure 2.

The device for washing root crops is provided on the right side (according to the drawing) with a chamber 1 for dry cleaning of root crops installed in series on the central shaft 2 in front of the stone-drying box 3

In addition to the chamber 1 for dry cleaning of root crops and stone-drying 3, the device for washing root-crops also has a chamber 4 located after the stone-trap 3 for the final washing of root crops in the geometric center of chambers 1 A, central shafts 2 and 5 are installed extremely and coaxially.

On the central shafts 2 and 5. directly in the chamber 1 for dry cleaning of root crops and in the chamber 4 for the final washing of root crops, one bar drum 6 and 7 are installed which serve to mix and transport the processed raw materials, for example, root crops.

Central shafts 2 and 5 are mounted in pillow block bearings 8 and interconnected by a coupling 9

Coaxially located central shafts 2 and 5 receive torque from the gear motor 10. The camera 1 for dry cleaning of root crops mounted on the base platform laterally mounted on the base platform, and the central shafts 2 and 5 receive the torque from the gear motor 10 through the fixed shaft the output end of the shaft of the gearmotor 10 is a drive sprocket 11, the outer tooth of which is kinematically connected via a chain drive 12 to an autonomous driven sprocket 13 fixedly mounted on the output end of the central shaft 2.

Each of the barrels 6 and 7 is equipped with unloading vanes 14. equally spaced from each other. They serve to reload root crops from one chamber to another through end walls 15 and 16 and located directly in front of each of them.

Chamber 4 for the final washing of root crops is equipped with a washing bath 17 and a collection of 18 residual water from tubers.

On the outer cylindrical surface of the stone trap drum 3, pockets 19 are diametrically and oppositely located along the entire end perimeter, which have windows 20 for collecting stones, grouping them in the area of the shutter 21 and then discharging into the collection area

The stone trap 3 in the form of a hollow drum is fixed to the drum 7. being a single unit. The diameter of the stone trap 3 is slightly larger than the inner diameter of the rod drum 7 of the final washing, and the end collar 22 between the drums 6 and 7 is with a stiffening rib and a step that keeps the stones from falling into the rod drum 7 and guiding them R poles 19. To the reflective screen 23. from the bottom of which an adjustable WIPE 24 is fixed for more accurate adjustment Opposite the vertically located

reflective screen 23 in the lower part of the device mounted reflective shield 25, not allowing small stone to get between the end wall 16 of the drum

0 6 dry cleaning and the end protrusion of the stone trap drum 3 is free in the water passage gaps, since the gap between the contacting details is 3-5 mm

The flaps 21 are pivotally connected to

5 pockets 19 so that in the direction of rotation the hinge 26 first moves to the income to the holding roller 27, which contributes to the rapid ejection of the grouped stone and instantly closing the pocket

0 19 by the shutter of the shutter 21, taking into account the inertial forces when the drum rotates to the trap 3, the freely closed pocket 19 by the shutter 21 is in the upper position, and the lowering is pressed down in the direction of rotation,

5, the juice extended 28 catches the shutter 21 and presses the roller 27 on the entire lower zone of collecting stones and holds it until it ends, i.e.

Roller 27 freely seated from interchangeable

0 eccentric axis, does not need lubrication during operation, is rinsed reliably with water, is practically trouble-free

To return the stones from the chamber 4 of the final washing, with ricochets about the tubers.

5, spiral, lamellar, multi-start coils 29 are fixed on the inner surface of the rod drum 7 of the chamber 4 For the supply of water and washing. The device from the sump 30 serves as a pump 3. cork

0 taps 32 and 33, swing pipe 34, feed pipe 35 to square comb 36.

The root crop washing device is equipped with a pump 31, which supplies clarified water through the holes of the comb 7 to the area of the stone trap 3.

The pipe 37 serves to agitate the sediment in the area of the intake pipe 38 when opening the valve 32 and closing the valve 33 on

0 pipe 35 at the time of stirring up.

Pipeline 35 with an open tap 33 on it and a closed tap 32 on conduit 37 is constantly in operation during the operation of the washing device.

5 The device for washing root crops is provided with a drain pipe 39, which is connected at one end to the end wall 15 of the final sink under the collector 18, and the second end is connected to the tuber cavity of the settler 30 Collection 18

the remaining water from the washed tubers is provided with a guide tray 40.

For loading root crops, the washing device has a tray 41 for loading the dry cleaning drum 6.

3 sump 30 under the intake pipe 38 has a filtering device 42, and serves as a damper clarified water from fluctuations when the pump 31 sucks through the pipe 34.

A device for washing root crops works as follows: water is poured into the sump 30 to a certain level. The washing device with the sump 30 are interconnected by a drain pipe 39. Therefore, the level in the washing device and in the capacity of the sump 30 is almost always equal.

The pump 31 is turned on and the clarified water from the intake 43 through the suction pipe 34, the pump 31 and the pipe 35 enters the comb 36 and through the holes in the comb 36 creates a flow - the movement of water into the area of the drain pipe 32, since the water 31 was taken from the top of the sump 30 disrupts the level of total water in the washing device, an excess is obtained in relation to the capacity of the sump 30 and the water in the chamber 4 tends to drain through the inclined drain pipe 39 into the sump 30 to balance, but with the pump 31 working continuously, the movement of the water flow in the washing tank In particular, the drain pipe 39 is constant, and the speed depends on the adjustment of the taps 32 and 33. After turning on the pump 31, the gear motor 10 is turned on and the sprocket 2 rotates through the sprockets 11 and 13, the chain gear 12, the shaft 5 rotates through the coupling 9, the shafts 2 and 5 rotate the bar drums 6 and 7 and the stone trap 3, since the latter is fixed on the end part of the bar drum 7 of the final washing. Drums 6 and 7 rotate at a circular speed of rpm.

Root tubers are fed from the hopper through the dispenser directly to the tray 41 and to the dry drum bar 10, in which the tubers hit one another and the rods disturb the dried earth crust, stones also help exfoliate sandy, earth crusts, rotten tubers also masses of healthy tubers are pushed into the area of the casing 44 and onto a conveyor (not shown) for removal from the workshop. The tubers, having passed the entire length of the drum 6, are discharged by unloading vanes 14 into the zone of the stone trap drum 3, where the reflector 23 dampens the inertia of the flight of smaller stones, and with them all the tubers makes it plunge into the trap zone 3. Stones of any size are deposited to the bottom the trap drum 3 and slide during rotation along the bottom until it enters the windows 20 of the pockets 19, where in the region of the shutter 21 are formed and at the end the retaining juice 28 instantly opens the shutter 21. The angle of the bottom of the pocket 19 contributes to the ejection (flight) path stones with Chet centrifugal force meter of drum 3

diameter. Due to the constant flow and a certain layer of water, the tubers do not lie at the very bottom of the trap drum 3, but the end shoulder 22 is crossed by a carrying stream, unlike stones, and when they are in the rod drum, the tubers are washed and finally get rid of the rest of the earth,

sand moving throughout the drum, taking into account that the drum has an inclination angle of 2 °, the tubers fall on the discharge blades 14

and unloaded onto the transverse, inclined rods of the water collector 18 from the root and tubers, leaving drops of water, the tubers are rolled onto the tray 40 and into the chopper or onto the drying line and into the container.

Water carries away from chamber 4 final

washing sand, soil particles in the sump 30, fertile particles washed away from the tubers are deposited on the bottom of the sump 30, a layer of water above the drain pipe 39 inside the tank

the sump 30 does not allow the ground particles to rise, they settle, and the filter 43, which keeps the water from fluctuations during suction, promotes self-clarified water to rise into the intake zone 43

through the pipe 34 and pump 31, the pipeline 35, the comb 36 and through the holes of the comb 36 to merge into a stone trap 3. During the work, gradually heavy particles of earth, sand are deposited on the bottom

baths 17 of the final wash. So as not to pump on the bottom of the sediment, spiral plate three-way coils in the form of scrapers 45 are fixed along the outer diameter of the rod drum 7 taking into account the gap

between the drum 7 and the bottom of the bath 17. Scrapers 45 are shifted, along the course of the waste water, the settled particles helped thereby agitate the water under the drum of the final washing and carried away from the bottom

sedimented particles through the drain inclined pipe 39 into the sump 30.

This design solution of the device for washing root crops can significantly increase the efficiency of stone separation due to the presence in the working scheme of the stone trap 3 receiving pockets 19, instead of a compartment for rolling stones, an upward flow of water, an expensive conveyor working in water

Such a design of the device for washing root crops also allows the process of returning stones from the chamber 4 of the final washing of root crops in case of accidental contact.

Due to the constant circulation of clarified water through the central system of the device during the period of operation of the circulation pump 31 of the pump installation and thanks to the drain pipe 39, the waste water with foreign inclusions is constantly drained by gravity into the sump 30, and the foreign ones that got into the sump 30 together with the waste water inclusions under the influence of gravitational forces are uniformly deposited in the chamber 46 to collect the precipitated sediment, and the process of deposition of foreign inclusions on the bottom of the chamber 46 to collect the deposited section is carried out stvl is uniformly slowly and safely, and the upper clarified layer vzmuchivayuts working fluid not in the sump 30.

Thus, in the sump 30, the process of separating suspended impurities from the waste water is carried out by depositing them on the bottom of the chamber 46 to collect the precipitated sediment, as a result of which the process of clarification of water occurs.

After the process of clarification of water, the latter is passed through a filter element 42 mounted in the lower base of the intake 43, after which the purified water from foreign inclusions enters the intake 43, then the purified water enters the internal cavity of the trap 3 and into the chamber 40 final washing.

Thus, in the proposed device for washing root crops, the waste water is repeatedly used to carry out the washing process of root crops, thereby significantly reducing the flow rate of the washing liquid.

In the case of accumulation of precipitation to a critical level at the bottom of the sedimentation chamber 46 installed in the lower part of the settler 30, a cleaning process (1-2 times a month) of the precipitation sedimentation chamber 46 is carried out.

Before turning on the circulation pump 37 of the pumping unit, the bypass valve 32 mounted on the outlet pipe 37 is opened. The bypass valve 36 in the open position directs the pressure head of the washing liquid under operating pressure after turning on the circulation pump 31 directly to the pressure pipe 37 for agitation

deposited sediment, and the pipeline 35 in the process of removing the sediment is shut off by a valve 33. Water jet, outlet under working pressure from the lower end of the pressure pipe 37 with a large cross section (from 55 to 60 mm) is brought under the lower layer of the deposited precipitate is highly volatile during time no more than 5-10 seconds.

The tank pre-fed by the vehicle directly to the inclined suction pipe 38 for collecting sediment is connected to the upper end of the latter with a flexible hose to the tank (in the drawing

tank not shown) equipped with a vacuum pump.

At the moment of switching on the vacuum pump of the tank, a vacuum is created in the internal cavity of the suction pipe 38 to collect the precipitated sediment, as a result of which the foreign mixture of the sediment pre-agitated by the water pressure is easily sucked up in suspension, the lower end of the suction pipe 38 to collect the precipitated sediment and then transported along the last up, then loaded into the tank, and at the time of absorption of a foreign mixture of sediment in the inner cavity of the suction pipe 38 for the collection of wastes The precipitated upper and lower layers of clarified water in the settling tank 30 are not contaminated.

The loaded tank is transported by the vehicle directly to the floor, where the foreign earth is unloaded as an impurity, due to which the lost humus is replenished in the soil.

Using the proposed device for washing root crops provides the following advantages compared to existing ones:

proposed washing device

root crops easy to manufacture, maintain and reliable in operation;

such a design of the proposed device for washing root crops allows significantly

to increase the washing efficiency due to the implementation of the process of preliminary dry cleaning of root crops, it allows to significantly reduce the flow of washing liquid due to repeated use

waste water for carrying out a washing process;

such a design of the proposed device for washing root crops eliminates the cost of working time for maintenance, eliminates the loss of raw materials together with stones when they are removed;

such a design of the proposed device for washing root crops can significantly increase the efficiency of stone separation due to the presence of receiving pockets in the stone trap, creating a process for the formation of an upward flow of water in the funnel of a known stone trap;

This design of the proposed device for washing root crops also allows the process of returning stones from the chamber for the final washing of root crops, which may be accidentally abandoned due to rebound, moreover, the process of removing heavy particles due to the presence of a rod drum on the inner closed surface of the frame chamber for the final washing of root crops and spiral VITKOR rigidly fixed to the frame.

Claims (2)

1. A device for washing root crops, containing chambers, respectively, for dry cleaning of root crops and final washing, each of which has a bar drum, stone trap, sump with inlet and drain pipelines and with a device for unloading sludge, n the upper part; an inlet with a filter element is mounted, connected to the outlet pipe for supplying water to the stone trap, and the drain pipe is installed obliquely and communicates the final washing chamber with the bottom of the sump characterized in that, in order to simplify the design and increase the efficiency of stone separation, the stone trap is located between the dry-root crop cleaning chamber and the final washing chamber and made in the form of a hollow drum rigidly connected to the bar drum of the final washing chamber, a reflective screen is mounted in the inner part of the stone trap with vertical damper mounted on the bracket with the possibility of shifting to the upper and lower positions in the vertical plane during preliminary erenaladki opposite vertical dampers mounted on the opposite inner side wall of the hollow drum shaft reflective from the top of the cut the top part, on the outer cylindrical surface of the stone trap are made diametrically and oppositely located relative to each other receiving pockets, each of which equipped with a stone collection zone, the gripping part of which is provided with a through opening, and the rear side of the stone collection zone is provided with a hinged lid mounted on the transverse axis of the pocket, used to eject stones from the collection zone, and a square feed pipe is fixed on the end wall of the dry cleaning chamber, along the edges to the latter, a cut-off piece of a reflective shield is rigidly fixed. 2. The device of pop. 1, characterized in that, in order to carry out the process of returning stones from the final washing of root tubers that accidentally hit the last of the stone trap during stone separation, spiral coils are rigidly fixed on the inner closed surface of the bar drum frame of the final washing root tub tub . S-, P- Fig Ј Sh -0 & id & FIG. S