RU1822720C - Device for whipping confectionery masses - Google Patents

Abstract

Use in confectionery mass churning devices to intensify the churning process and to improve dispersion and density of the pulled mass. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: the device includes a vertical chamber with a jacket, equipped with a whipping body, loading and unloading nozzles. The whipping organ is made of a cup with a bottom concentrically fixed in the chamber and two hollow cylinders placed one above the other connected by a conical adapter, the ratio of the inner diameters of the upper and lower cylinders being 1.4–2.0, and the inner diameter of the cup and the outer diameter of the lower cylinder - 2.0-2.5. A pneumatic channel is concentrically placed inside the cylinders and equipped with nozzles located along it, the ends of which are tangentially curved in the horizontal plane, and at least two nozzles with ends curved "in one direction relative to the axis of the pneumatic channel and from the level to At the same level, the direction of the bend of the nozzles is reversed. The loading nozzle is located tangentially on the upper hollow cylinder of the whipping organ. 3 silt

Description

The invention relates to the confectionery industry, in particular to devices for making confectionery masses.

The purpose of the invention is the intensification of the whipping process, improving the dispersion and density of the whipped mass.

The goal is achieved in that, in a device for knocking down confectionery masses containing a jacketed chamber, loading and unloading nozzles and a pneumatic channel for supplying compressed air, the difference is that the chamber is vertically arranged and is equipped with a concentrically fixed cup and placed one above it with the other two hollow cylinders connected by a conical adapter, the ratio of the inner diameters of the upper and lower cylinders is 1 4-2 0 and the inner diameter of the glass and the outer diameter The meter of the lower cylinder 2025, the loading nozzle is located tangentially on the upper hollow cylinder, the pneumatic channel is concentrically displaced inside the cylinders and equipped with nozzles located along it, the ends of which tangentially bend into the mountains

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at least two nozzles with ends bent in one direction relative to the axis of the air channel, and from level to level, the direction of the bend of the nozzles is reversed.

Such a design of the device allows to bring down the mass with a gradual increase in the intensity of external influence on it. The swirling flow enters the upper cylinder of a larger diameter, where at moderate speeds it is pre-mixed and saturated with air. In this case, various sized air bubbles are formed, coming from the pneumatic channel, which are dispersed and distributed in the mass volume due to the complicated swirling movement of the flow. With further movement, the mass flow enters through the conical adapter into the lower cylinder with a smaller cavity diameter. In this case, the conical adapter provides a smooth transition of the flow into the channel of a smaller cross section. In the absence of this element, the mixing organ is a channel with a sudden narrowing with a high coefficient of hydraulic resistance, which will increase the energy consumption for pumping the mass. In addition, stagnant circulation zones are formed at the junction of the two cylinders, where a part of the flow, delaying, disrupts the uniformity of the mass treatment.

When the flow enters through the conical adapter into the lower cylinder with a smaller inner diameter, its speed increases, which is explained by the constant mass flow over any section of the entire mixing channel. An increase in the flow rate leads to an increase in the degree of turbulization of the flow; this sharply increases the intensity of mutual movements of the components of the mass, thereby contributing to their uniform distribution throughout the volume. Due to an increase in shear stresses at the air-mass interface, air bubbles deform strongly and decay into smaller individual particles. As a result, the particle size uniformity of the air increases and the mass density decreases. This, combined with even distribution, improves the quality of the latter.

The location of the loading nozzle tangentially on the upper hollow cylinder allows the initial flow to be twisted. which, in comparison with the direct flow, makes it possible to intensify mass transfer processes with stirring, as well as the fragmentation of air bubbles due to significant shear deformations in the mass. This significantly reduces the duration of mixing and

knocking down.

The ratio of the inner diameters of the upper and lower cylinders is 1.4-2.0. This is because if this ratio is less than 1.4. then flow rate

in the lower cylinder will not be sufficient for the final whipping of mass under conditions of high turbulization. The forces of interaction at the interface of the gas-liquid system

5 do not contribute to the further dispersion of air particles, since they are insignificant in size. A mass knocked down under these conditions has a high density and an inhomogeneous structure with air particles that differ greatly in size.

In the case when the ratio of the inner diameters of these cylinders is greater than 2.0, a significant increase in the hydraulic resistance of the channel is observed, which

5 increases the energy consumption per message flow necessary speed. With this ratio of cylinder sizes, the flow rate in the lower cylinder unacceptably increases and the mass does not have time to work out

0 the required amount of air coming from the pneumatic channel. In addition, some part of the mass may leave the mixing organ without mixing with air at all. For these reasons, the learned mass will have a dense structure and its components do not have time to evenly distribute in it.

The ratio of the internal diameters of hollow cylinders of 1.4-2.0 ensures the stability of the pre-saturation and mixing regimes followed by dispersion of air bubbles, and also creates the necessary degree of flow turbulence to induce active

5 to the movement of particles of the formulation components and the alignment of their concentration in the mass. As a result, the palatability of the pulped mass is improved and its density is normalized.

0 A cup with a bottom is fixed concentrically to the chamber inside it, the ratio of the inner diameter of which to the outer diameter of the lower cylinder is 2.0-2.5. The presence of the specified glass with the bottom creates

5 possibility; to increase the duration of the contact of air with the mass. Moreover, the interaction of air and mass is carried out in a less intense flow in the annular gap of a larger cross section, formed by coaxial cylinders In the annular

The channel between the outer and inner surfaces of the lower cylinder and the glass, respectively, stabilizes the foam-like mass structure at low speeds. During stabilization, the equilibrium gas content of the mass is finally established, and the concentration of its components is leveled due to diffusion and convection.

In the absence of a glass, it is impossible to carry out the process of final formation of the mass structure. As a result, the resulting mass has an inhomogeneous structure with an increased density and an inhomogeneous concentration of components.

When the ratio of the inner diameter of the cup and the outer diameter of the lower cylinder of the mixing organ is 2.0–2.5, the optimum cross-section of the annular channel formed by the corresponding surfaces of these cylinders is achieved. Due to this, the most optimal hydrodynamic flow regime is established to stabilize the foam-like mass structure after intensive knocking in the mixing organ, mass stabilization is carried out at moderate speeds, which are established with increasing cross-section Channel after the exit of the flow from the hollow cylinder with a smaller size.

For ratios of the indicated diameters smaller than 2.0, the cross section of the annular channel between the respective surfaces is unacceptably reduced, which leads to high flow rates after leaving the mixing organ. As a result, the conditions for stabilization of the collapsed mass in a less intensive hydrodynamic flow regime are violated.

If the ratio of the indicated diameters of the cup and the lower cylinder is more than 2.5, then the flow rate is reduced to a level that allows the formation of stagnant zones in different parts of the annular channel. This violates the uniformity of flow along the cross section and length of the channel. Moreover, the mass circulating in the stagnant zones forms compacted layers over time, which, as they grow, cause a further violation of the uniformity of flow in the channel, which ultimately negatively affects the mass stabilization mode. As a result of this, the resulting mass has an inhomogeneous structure and increased density.

A pneumatic channel is provided concentrically inside the hollow cylinders, equipped with nozzles located along the height of the latter so that at least two are at the same level (oma i ends tangentially bent in one direction relative to the axis of the pneumatic channel

The pneumatic channel is installed to continuously supply compressed air to the mass flow in the mixing organ to saturate it. Air is blown into the turbulent flow by nozzles that are installed along the height of the pneumatic channel perpendicular to its outer surface. The nozzles installed in this way cause additional turbulization of the flow during the latter flow around them. In this case, the air stream is also blown transversely to the mass flow, which causes a sharp increase in the tangential stresses at the interface of the gas-liquid system. Under the influence of these tangential stresses, the air bubbles that are formed are deformed and break, decompose into more particles, which will increase the uniformity of the mass structure and reduce its density. In addition, significant turbulent pulsations in level, caused by the transverse imposition of a stream of compressed air and the flow around the neighbors, contribute to the apparent movement of the recipe compotes into fragmented air bubbles throughout the entire flow, which, as a result, improves the quality of the shot mass due to the high speeds in the mixing organ, as well as a significant increase in turbulent pulsations when superimposed transverse jets of compressed air on the main flow and transverse the flow around the nozzles last, whipping and saturation of the mass is carried out in a minimum period of time.

At least two nozzles are installed symmetrically on the pneumatic channel, having ends tangentially curved in the transverse plane of the mixing body in one direction relative to the axis of the pneumatic channel. The tangential bending of the nozzle ends in the transverse plane of the mixing body allows a stream of compressed air to be introduced into the flow, creating a moment of rotation at the air-mass interface. Due to friction forces at the interface, which determine the torque, the flow is partially involved in the rotational movement relative to the axis of the pneumatic channel towards the outflow of a stream of compressed air defined by the direction of the bend of the nozzles. In this case, the flow simultaneously moves in the axial direction. Simultaneous rotational and axial movement of gas-liquid flow

additionally turbulizes it. Due to this - (О, the mobility of the mass components in all directions is activated, thereby accelerating the equalization of their concentration in the stream, which will ultimately increase the uniformity of the mass hit. The formed air bubbles undergo complex spatial deformations, as a result of which their decomposition into more finely dispersed parts. During the active movement of these particles, their uniform distribution in the mass volume is achieved. Due to this, the mass will have a highly porous, lightweight structure with one the same size inclusions of air.

At the same height of the pneumatic channel, at least two nozzles must be installed symmetrically with respect to the axis of the latter.

The installation of a single nozzle is inefficient, since the energy of a stream of compressed air, spent on mixing the mass, in this case is not transmitted over the entire cross section of the mixing body. As a result, the flow is brought into additional rotational motion only within the limited propagation limits of one jet. Therefore, the short-term rotational movement of the mass in the cross section damps, and the flow will mainly move in the axial direction. The degree of turbulization of the flow is low and, consequently, the efficiency of mixing the mass is reduced. Moreover, the compressed air supplied from only one nozzle does not have time to spread over the entire cross section of the mixing organ, given that the saturation process in it is quick and the flow rate is high. As a result, after processing, the mass will have a structure with an inhomogeneous density. Due to the low turbulent pulsations, the mobility of the particles of the formulation components, which do not have time to be distributed throughout, decreases, which impairs the palatability of the crushed mass.

The presence of two or more nozzles symmetrically located relative to the axis of the pneumatic channel. allows the energy of a stream of compressed air to be distributed evenly over the entire cross section of the channel. As a result, the flow, in addition to the axial component, acquires the tangential velocity component. Symmetrically installed nozzles are divided into equal sectors by the cross section of the channel at the installation site, which makes it possible to distribute energy

compressed air from each jet evenly into the corresponding limited sector, as each air stream interacts with the mass flow in a limited area, which allows maintaining the intensity of the rotational motion constant. As a result, the flow, which performs both rotational and axial motion, is highly turbulent, the components of the flow can actively move, significant tangential and normal stresses act on the air-mass interface, which deform air bubbles and disperse them into smaller parts. As a result, the mass is uniformly saturated with air and a uniform concentration of its components is achieved in

0 to the whole volume,

The direction of curvature of the ends of the nozzles should be reversed as they move from one level to another.

5 Due to this, at the same nozzle height, the mass is subjected to the rotational moment imparted to it by a stream of compressed air and rotates relative to the axis of the pneumatic channel in the direction corresponding to the bending direction of the nozzle ends, for example, clockwise. With further movement, the flow enters the channel section corresponding to a different height

5 nozzles, where they have ends curved in the opposite previous direction. In this section, the flow receives a rotational movement in the opposite direction - counterclockwise. As a result, the flow along the entire length of the mixing organ is divided into separate zones corresponding to different heights of the nozzles, in which the mass rotates in mutually opposite directions. Such a character of the mass flow causes interaction not only at the interface of the gas-liquid system, but also of individual macro-volumes of the flow itself. At the same time, the intensity of internal

0 forces acting in a flow, the direction of their action changes rapidly in space and time. Under the influence of these forces, the activity of chaotic motion of mass components and air bubbles increases. Moreover, air bubbles, which actively interact with each other and with the liquid phase, are easily deformed and disintegrate, forming an increasing number of finely dispersed bubbles. As a result, the density of the pulsed mass drops sharply.

components are evenly distributed in the bulk of the mass, improving its taste

The proposed device allows to obtain a downed mass of low density, finely divided foam-like structure with good taste in a short time. The design of the device lacks various kinds of rotating or otherwise moving working parts. Their absence greatly simplifies the design. To whip the mass in the proposed device, the energy of compressed air is consumed, which at the same time saturates it.

In FIG. 1 shows a general view of a device for knocking confectionery masses; in FIG. 2 is a section AA in FIG. 1; in FIG. 3 is a section BB in FIG. 1.

The device consists of a chamber 1 with a thermostatic jacket 2. A mixing element 4 is mounted on the sealed cover 3 of the chamber 1, which consists of a larger upper hollow cylinder 5, which is connected via a conical adapter b to a lower hollow cylinder 7 of a smaller diameter. The upper cylinder 5 has a tangential nozzle 8 for supplying mass. A cup 9 with a bottom is mounted concentrically to the lower cylinder 7, which is fastened to the walls of the chamber 1 by means of strips 10. In this case, the cup 9 is installed in such a way that the gap between its bottom and the end of the lower cylinder 7 of the mixing body 4 ensures a flow exit velocity equal to the velocity the latter in the mixing organ, in order to avoid the formation of stagnant zones in the lower part of the glass 9.

The upper cylinder 5 is closed by a plug 11, through which the pneumatic channel 12 is concentrically passed, with the lower end fixed to the bottom of the hollow cylinder 9. At different heights, nozzles 13 are installed on the surface of the pneumatic channel 12. The ends have 4 ends tangentially curved in the cross section of the mixing body 4. Moreover, the bend of the ends of the nozzles 13, located at the same level, has the same direction relative to the axis of the pneumatic channel 12, and when moving to the next, higher or lower level, it has the opposite direction with respect to the previous one (Fig. 2. 3).

A pressure indicator 14 and a pressure regulator 15 are also mounted on the sealed cover 3 of the chamber 1. At the bottom of the chamber 1, an outlet pipe 16 with a flow regulator 17 is provided. The chamber 1 is in operation; divided by mass level in

it to the compressed air zone l 18 and IPMV mass 19

The device operates as follows.

The pre-compiled and mixed MLSS is fed into the mixing body 4 through the tangential loading nozzle 8. In this case, the swirling flow enters the upper cylinder 5 of the mixing body 4 and is subjected to directionally changing rotational forces created by jets of compressed air coming from the nozzles 13. At the same time pre-saturation of the mass with air. The mass flow around the nozzles 13 and the complex nature of its movement generate vortices and turbulent pulsations in all directions, which activates the movement of particles of the mass components and the fragmentation of air bubbles.

With further movement, the flow through the conical adapter 6 enters the lower cylinder 7 of a smaller diameter, where its speed increases. In this region, the rotational and translational motion of the flow occurs at high speeds, which further develops its turbulent character Mass, the transition from one height of the nozzles 13 to another is subjected to rotational impact. varying with a large part in the direction from the isron of compressed air. In this case, the intensity, ocTt of the mutual action of the elements of the gas-liquid flow reaches its maximum value. Air bubbles interacting with the mass and surface of the nozzles disperse into even smaller parts. The components of the mass are actively moving and evenly distributed in the volume of the latter.

Subsequently, the flow of mass and air, the exit from the lower cylinder 7. enters the cavity of the glass 9 with a bottom, where its speed decreases due to an increase in the cross section of the annular channel. In this zone, the concentration of air bubbles and components in the mass volume is finally leveled in a calm hydrodynamic environment without external influences. Upon reaching the upper open end of the glass 9, the flow pours over its edge and fills the mass zone 19 at a level that does not allow the flow to flow back into the glass 9 and its flooding to avoid disruption of the process. During the pouring of the gas-liquid stream from the cup 9 into the mass zone 19, excess air is released from it, which occupies the compressed air zone 18 and creates the air space of excess DanLRIA over the mass surface. Under the influence of this pressure, the mass is compressed, and when removed outside the device, the mass expands and increases in volume, which reduces its density.

The air pressure above the surface of the mass is controlled by a pressure gauge 14 and regulated by a pressure regulator 15. Under the influence of excessive pressure from the compressed air zone 18, the mass is controlled by a jacket 2 and is gradually expelled from the chamber 1 through the outlet pipe 16. The mass level in the chamber 1 and its duration under the influence of overpressure and temperature are controlled by a change in the mass flow rate through the outlet pipe 16 by means of a flow regulator 17.

Thus, mass churning takes place in a short period of time and with minimal energy consumption. The resulting mass has a lush, finely divided foam-like structure with a low density and good taste.

FORMULA AND SECTION

A device for knocking confectionery masses, comprising a jacketed

Maia - uoityx chamber for loading and unloading chop cabin and pneumatic channel for supplying compressed air, characterized in that. in order to intensify the process of knocking down and improve the dispersion and density of the knocked down mass, the chamber is located vertically and equipped with a cup concentrically fixed in it and two hollow cylinders placed one above the other connected by a conical adapter, the ratio of the inner diameters of the upper and lower cylinders being 1, 4-2.0, and the inner diameter of the glass and the outer diameter of the lower cylinder is 2.0-2.5. the loading nozzle is located tangentially on the upper hollow cylinder, the pneumatic channel is concentrically placed inside the cylinders and equipped with nozzles located along it, the ends of which are tangentially curved in the horizontal plane, at least two nozzles with ends that are curved in one direction relative to the axis are at the same level of the pneumatic channel pneumatic channel, and from level to level, the direction of bending of the nozzles is reversed.

thirteen

weight

air

FIG. 3