RU182090U1 - Device for recording and transmitting telemetric information of an unmanned aerial vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

The device for recording and transmitting telemetric information of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) can be used in complexes (UAVs) to transmit telemetric information from the aircraft to a ground control station and to search for UAVs in the event of an emergency. The device comprises a control microcontroller, a non-volatile memory unit, a sensor unit (magnetometer, inertial sensors, satellite navigation system receiver), a digital transceiver, and an autonomous power supply system. In the normal mode of operation, the device listens to the on-board information bus, compresses the received information, writes it to memory, and transfers it to the ground device. In emergency operation, it is possible to control actuators via a control interface, for example, control of a parachute release system. The technical result consists in increasing the reliability and efficiency of the device for recording and transmitting telemetric information, in the timely identification of problems on board the UAV, in the ease of implementation and the possibility of using this device on board small UAVs. 2 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to radio engineering devices, more specifically to telemetry information transmission systems and emergency beacons, and can be used in unmanned aerial vehicle complexes (UAVs) to transmit telemetry information during a regular flight and to search for UAVs in the event of an emergency.

Known emergency beacon [RU, patent No. 2306576 C1, IPC G01S 1/08, publ. September 20, 2007], used to detect distressed various, for example, aircraft. The device consists of a beacon activation signal input block, an emergency overload signal generating block, a first permanent memory block, a time code shaper, a satellite channel transmitter, a modulating signal shaper, a drive channel transmitter, a duplexer, a navigation signal receiver from GPS and / or GLONASS, a block RAM, an autonomous power supply unit, a power selector, a remote control, a navigation data complexing unit, and a second read-only memory unit.

The disadvantages of such an emergency beacon are the relative complexity of the implementation of the device, large overall dimensions, which does not allow the use of this device to save small UAVs. In addition, the device does not have a function for monitoring the transmission buses of control data of on-board devices of the aircraft (LA), which does not allow timely detection of failures of the executive devices of the aircraft.

Also known is the "black box" with alarm [RU, patent No. 2415781 C1, IPC B64D 1/00, publ. 04/10/2011], in the event of an airplane crash, the device is thrown with a parachute, emitting electromagnetic waves and sound signals. The device consists of a block of generators of sound and electromagnetic waves, a power supply unit, a switch lever, a compressed air chamber, a rubber chamber, a parachute, a flexible antenna, a niche, a sound emitter, a cable cable, and a connector.

The disadvantage of this device is the difficulty in developing criteria for the formation of a team to separate the device from the aircraft. An irreversible sequence of actions for throwing a device with a parachute begins at the command of an acoustic sensor that detects aircraft engine noise. In cases where the aircraft engine operates up to a collision with the ground, the device will not be thrown away. In addition, even with a complete failure of the propulsion systems, the aircraft is able to cover significant distances by planning, while the separation of the device has already occurred and telemetry information is not recorded.

Closest to the claimed solution in technical essence and the technical result achieved is a device for recording telemetric information of an unmanned aerial vehicle [RU, patent No. 2595064 C1, IPC B64D 47/00, G08C 19/00, publ. 08/20/2016]. To register telemetric information, signals are transmitted from the functional groups of sensors, as well as telemetric information from the UAV components of the device to the signal processing module, where the signals are amplified, digitized and transmitted to the telemetry information transmission module, and telemetry information is processed and recorded on a removable storage module for analysis and further processing. The device consists of a functional group of sensors, signal processing modules, signal amplifiers, signal conversion modules, an interface module, a removable storage module, a frame conversion means, a telemetry information transmission module, and telemetry information transmission means to a ground-based telemetry station via a radio channel. The described device is taken as a prototype of a utility model.

The disadvantage of the prototype is the inability to monitor standard control buses and control onboard equipment of the aircraft, which does not allow timely detection of device failures on the bus, register command-telemetric communication between the control system and actuators, and also does not allow to diagnose problems directly with the main and backup data exchange buses. In addition, the device does not have an autonomous power supply system, which does not allow recording and transmitting telemetric information in the event of an on-board power supply system failure.

The technical task is to eliminate the noted drawbacks, improving the reliability, efficiency of the device for recording and transmitting telemetric information.

To solve this problem, a device for recording and transmitting telemetric information of an unmanned aerial vehicle, containing a control microcontroller, a set of sensors, non-volatile memory, a transceiver, also includes an autonomous power supply system, an interface for listening to the data bus between the automatic on-board control system and executive devices, and a control interface . Moreover, in the normal mode of operation, command-telemetric data is transmitted via the control interface between the device and the automatic on-board control system, and in emergency mode, the device controls the executive mechanisms of the unmanned aerial vehicle rescue system via the control interface.

The device for recording and transmitting telemetric information of UAVs is rigidly fixed on board the aircraft, without violating its mass-centering characteristics (ICC). The design of the device contains a block of small sensors: vector magnetometer; inertial sensors (ANN); receiver of satellite radio navigation systems (SRNS). During the regular operation of the aircraft’s onboard equipment, information from the small-sized sensor unit and from the standard navigation systems of the aircraft is recorded in non-volatile memory and transmitted to the ground using a digital transceiver. In the event of a failure of the standard navigation systems of the aircraft, the automatic on-board control system (ABSU) has the ability to request navigation information from the blocks of small-sized sensors of the device. The claimed device has the function of monitoring standard data exchange buses between the ABSU and actuators, which allows you to accurately determine the cause of the emergency and to uniquely develop criteria for the operation of the elements of the rescue system. In the event of an ABSU failure, the device has the ability to control various actuators on board the aircraft, which allows during an emergency, for example, to release a parachute. This function allows you not to burden the design of the device due to the possibility of using standard UAV equipment. The presence of a backup power system allows the device to function in the event of damage to standard aircraft power sources and onboard cable networks. The device includes elements that meet such requirements as operability when exposed to external factors, small mass and overall dimensions, which allows the device to be used to save small UAVs in the conditions of their operation.

Due to the use of a small number of functional groups and the possibility of using standard systems, the device is simple to implement and is able to fulfill its tasks, has increased reliability and operational efficiency.

A significant difference is that the utility model has the function of monitoring standard buses for the exchange of command and telemetric data between the ABSU and actuators. This allows you to accurately determine the cause of the emergency and develop unambiguous criteria for the operation of the elements of the aircraft rescue system.

The second significant difference is that the device has the ability to control various actuators on board the aircraft in the event of a failure of standard systems. This will allow during an emergency, for example, to release a parachute, as well as reduce the overall dimensions of the device due to the possibility of using standard UAV equipment.

The third significant difference is that the UAV telemetry recording and transmission device has a backup power system. This allows the device to function in case of failure of the standard power sources of the aircraft and in case of damage to the onboard cable networks.

The essence of the utility model is illustrated by drawings.

In FIG. 1 shows a structural diagram of a device for transmitting and recording telemetric information; in FIG. 2 - view of the device where the following notation is entered:

1 - control unit, processing and storage of information;

2 - device control bus connected to the ABSU;

3 - cable entry bus listening (monitoring);

4 - antenna SRNS;

5 - microwave line signal transmission antenna SRNS;

6 - microwave line of the antenna of the transceiver;

7 - antenna transceiver;

8 - ground transceiver device;

9 - directional antenna of a ground transceiver device.

The control unit and information processing (1) includes a microcontroller; group of sensors (magnetometer, ANN, SRNS receiver); Interfaces transceiver and battery system. The following functions are implemented in the software (software) of the microcontroller: receiving telemetric information by the device from the ABSU and transmitting its own telemetric information from the device to the ABSU via the control bus (2); control of UAV actuators via the control bus (2); listening to the bus (3) exchange of command and telemetric data between the ABSU and actuators; receiving information from a group of sensors; telemetric information compression; recording telemetry information in non-volatile memory; transmission of telemetry information via a digital communication channel to the ground. Overall dimensions of the control unit and information processing unit (1) do not exceed 100 × 80 × 20 mm. The body is made of fiberglass, which has a low weight and high mechanical strength. The antenna (4) receives signals from GLONASS / GPS navigation systems, which is transmitted via a transmission line (5) to the input of the SRNS receiver. A digital transceiver on a transmission line (6) is connected to a whip antenna (7). The ground-based transceiver (8) comprises: a directional antenna (9); non-volatile memory for storing received information; an indicator of the main UAV flight parameters; sound indicator of the received signal power level; Bluetooth and Wi-Fi communication modules for transmitting information in real time to other devices, for example, for transmitting information to a tablet computer with a graphical user interface.

The device operates as follows. In the normal mode of operation, the device analyzes the data transmitted over the buses of the command-telemetric exchange of UAVs using the listening interface (3). The microcontroller compresses and stores in the non-volatile memory the minimum necessary and determined at the program level, the amount of command-telemetric information received via the listening bus (3). In normal operation via the control bus (2), information is exchanged between the ABSU and the device. The antenna (4) receives the GLONASS / GPS navigation signal, which is transmitted via the transmission line (5) to the input of the SRNS receiver. The SRNS receiver transmits the navigation solution to the microcontroller. If necessary, ABSU requests information from the group of sensors of the device (magnetometer, ANN, SRNS) via the interface (2). In emergency operation, the microcontroller controls the UAV actuators, for example, the parachute release system, via the control bus (2). The microcontroller transmits to the transceiver a predetermined set of compressed data. The transceiver device generates a radio signal, which is transmitted through the microwave line (6) to the pin antenna (7) for transmission to the ground transceiver device (8). The ground-based transceiver (8) receives a signal from the on-board device using a directional antenna (9). Information received by the ground-based device (8) is stored in non-volatile memory, transmitted in real time via Bluetooth and Wi-Fi to other consumers, and part of the information is displayed on the built-in indicator. If necessary, the sound indication of the received signal power level can be activated on the ground device using the button control interface, which allows you to determine the direction to the aircraft. The ground device (8) can be used to transmit information to the on-board device in order to configure its parameters, for example, to determine the set of command-telemetric data stored in non-volatile memory and transmitted to the ground device. Additionally, the digital transceiver of the device can be used as a backup channel for two-way communication with UAVs. The utility model allows you to:

- monitor the exchange of data between ABSU and actuators;

- compress and save command-telemetric information transmitted via the onboard control buses to non-volatile memory;

- transmit telemetry information to a ground device;

- manage actuators in emergency situations;

- determine the position of the aircraft in an emergency.

Claims (1)

A device for recording and transmitting telemetry information of an unmanned aerial vehicle, containing a control microcontroller, a set of sensors, a non-volatile memory, a transceiver device, characterized in that it further comprises an autonomous power supply system, an interface for listening to the data bus between the automatic on-board control system and actuators, a control interface, moreover, in normal mode of operation, command-telemetric data are transmitted via the control interface Between the device and the automatic on-board control system, and in emergency mode, the device controls the executive mechanisms of the unmanned aerial vehicle rescue system via the control interface.

Images