RU1818532C - Levelling automatic device - Google Patents

Abstract

Application in geodetic measurements. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: the device comprises a staff scale divided into several equal horizontal sections, each of which is made with two vertical strokes and an inclined stroke between them, the measuring channel is made with one or two diaphragms in series, a sweep unit and a vertical slit, beat.

Description

The invention relates to geodetic instruments, in particular to devices for automatic leveling.

The aim of the present invention is to remedy this drawback and simplify the design of the device.

In FIG. 1 shows a diagram of the proposed automatic level. The level has a lath 1, divided into n equal horizontal sections (n 3-5), having common vertical strokes, for example, the edges of the lath, and inclined strokes between them in each section, lens 5 with a focal length of HO., Compensator 6, made in the form of a free vertical vertical mirror suspended at a distance f f / 2 from the lens, a beam splitting unit 7, which can be mounted on the last surface of the lens, is a sighting 8 and measuring 9 optical paths.

In the measuring path, in the focal plane of the lens, a horizontal narrow aperture diaphragm 10 is mounted, which is optically coupled by components 11 with a vertical slit 12. Between components 11 is a deployment device 13 (for example, a flat mirror rotating around a vertical axis). Behind the vertical slit 12, a photodetector 14 is installed, which is included in the electronic logic unit 15.

The electronic logic unit 15 can be performed, for example, using the pulse-time signal processing method known in the art, which makes it possible to obtain output information in digital form. In this case, it should include a photocurrent amplifier 16, an amplitude discriminator 17, differentiating circuits 18, 25, detectors 19, 26, triggers 20, 27, a crystal oscillator 21, a pulse filling generator 22, matching circuits 23, 28. counters 24, 29 coarse input device (p) 30, calculator 31, indicator 32, memory 33.

with C

with

Oi

Cj

to

The level works as follows. After aiming at the rail 1 and focusing, which is carried out by axial movement of the compensator 6, the deployment device 13 is turned on. When images of the strokes of the rail hit the vertical slit 12, the photo current pulses are removed from the photodetector 14 and fed to the electronic logic unit 15.

The signal conversion sequence in the electronic logic unit is shown in Fig. 2.

From the output of amplifier 1b, the signals are fed to the amplitude discriminator 17 and fed through the differentiating circuit 18 to the detector 19. The positive polarity pulses control the operation of the trigger 20, which forms a gating pulse with a duration t. The output of the trigger 20 is connected to one of the inputs of the matching circuit 23, the other input of which is connected to the filling pulse generator 22 stabilized by a crystal oscillator 21. Thus, from the output of the matching circuit 23, a pulse train N arrives at counter 24, the number of which corresponds to segment Г measured on a rail (see Fig. 3). To obtain a burst of pulses No, the number of which corresponds to segment I (the width of the rail), the gating pulse from the output of the trigger 20 is supplied to the differentiating circuit 25. Then, through the detector 26, the pulses are fed to the trigger 27, from the output of which a gating pulse of duration to is taken. Since the output of flip-flop 27 is connected to coincidence circuit 28, at the other input of which pulses of the filling frequency are supplied, a burst of pulses N0 will be received at the input of counter 29. The values of N and No, as well as a rough reference n corresponding to the number of the whole section of the staff and supplied from the input device 30, are sent to the subtractor 31. As a result of processing, the subtract 31 receives a reference on the staff corresponding to the horizon of the tool,

HI A L (n + -rr-), as well as the distance to

No

I / slats D (-: - +1) f o6 + 5. In these formulas

No

Constant design parameters are included:

D L - the length of the planks;

| mind

K, where, in turn, I is the width of the rail, mind is the frequency of filling pulses, Hz is the increase in the interfacing system 11, P is the number of revolutions of the mirror 13, f o6. is the focal length of the lens 5, e is the distance from the front focal plane

level lens to the vertical axis of rotation of the device.

All measurement results are further processed in accordance with the program and operating mode, displayed on the indicator 32 and recorded in the storage device 33.

In practice, a case is possible when the horizontal line of sight falls on the interface between the sections of the rail or is very close to it. In this case, the measurements will be difficult, since the N / No ratio can differ very little from 0 or from 1. To avoid ambiguity

5 of these measurements in the focal plane of the measuring channel can be located two horizontal diaphragms of field of view 10 symmetrically with respect to the optical axis of the lens (Fig. 4), and behind the vertical slit 12, two photodetectors 14 are installed in the vertical plane, respectively, symmetrically with respect to the optical axis, each of them is included in its chain of generating 5 packets of pulses N, No and N, No, which are connected to the computing device 31. In this case, the computing device 31 determines two values of the samples by p For example, H and H for each diaphragm (see Fig. 5) and then average them. As

0

 -Ј-) and H

h

Nc

-Dtsp + And

TO

H | H + H

 AL (n

D + N + N) 2 2 No

5

0

Naturally, in the case of strict coincidence of the line of sight with the interface of the sections of the staff, as shown in

0, FIG. 5, and then HI ADC + 1).

Such an embodiment of the inventive device also reduces the influence on the accuracy of measurements of local errors (non-linearity) of the bar strokes. This averaging is also carried out when calculating the distance to the rail.

In the embodiments of the claimed device described above, the coarse reference value n, corresponding to an integer number of rail sections, must, like the analogue, be entered through the keyboard of the coarse input device 30. For full automation of the measurement process, i.e. eliminating the need to enter a rough count manually, the floor of the staff sections are painted in different colors, and additional photodetectors are located in the scanning plane of the measuring path according to the number of staff sections with the corresponding color filters in front of them: the receivers are optically paired with the deployment device and are included in the electronic logical block.

In FIG. 6, photodetectors 34 with filters 35 are arranged along an arc in the scanning plane and are included in the coarse reference input device 30. A signal corresponding to n will get into this device only from the working section of the rail.

Claims (2)

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 1. An automatic leveling device comprising a rail with a scale and a level with a lens, a compensator, a sighting channel, a measuring channel, the photodetector of which is connected to an electronic processing unit, characterized in that, for the sake of simplifying the design, the rail scale is divided into several equal horizontal sections, each of which is made with two vertical strokes and an inclined stroke between them, the measuring channel is made with sequentially located on the opt axis in front of the photodetector unit of one or two horizontal diaphragms of the field of view located in the focal plane of the lens, a sweep assembly and a vertical slit conjugated with the focal plane of the lens, while the block is made with the number of photodetectors equal to the number of horizontal apertures. 2. Device pop. 1, characterized in that the surface of each of the sections of the rail scale is painted in a color different from the colors of the surfaces of other sections, the photodetector block is made with additional photodetectors, optically coupled to the scan node, and the number of photodetectors with the corresponding color filters in front of them is equal to the number of sections of the staff scale. 8 J Fig.Z 7 1818532 /; | //