RU1817679C - Fishing vessel - Google Patents

Abstract

Use: in fishing. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: a vessel comprises a trawl, a catch suction pipe, one end of which is equipped with a socket for connection to, a cutter, and the other to a keel hole of the kangla made in the vessel's hull. An annular means is arranged inside the channel to raise the catch inside the vessel. The pipeline is made of modular elements articulated with each other. The means for raising the catch inside the vessel comprises a water separator and a suction mechanism. The channel is made with the possibility of skipping the trawl and pipeline. A cavity is made in the keel, located in the longitudinal plane of symmetry from the aft to the channel inlet and communicated with the latter. The hole and cavity have the same width. The cavity is located between two keel-shaped structures which serve to guide the network as it glides. The vessel is equipped with two lateral tunnel propulsion devices. The water separator and the means for raising the catch are made in the form of a single module, which is equipped with an inlet pipe for connecting it to the upper end of the pipeline. Centrifugal electric pumps are used to displace water from the module. 18 C.p. f-ls, 4 ill. ate

Description

This invention relates to fisheries, and in particular to a trawler with a conveyor structure that provides a continuous supply of catch from the net to the board.

The purpose of the invention is to increase fishing productivity.

Thus, the subject of the invention is a trawl fishing vessel comprising a net of a substantially conventional type suitable for such a fishing method, a catch suction pipe composed of modular sections joined together, the lower end of which is equipped with a suction a bell, located at a point corresponding to a piece of said network, means for sucking the catch through said pipeline, filtering means connected to the upper end of said

a pipeline for separating the catch from the water; lifting means for raising the catch from the filter zone into the vessel; and a hole or well provided in the vessel's hull to bring out the net, pipeline, and to raise the catch on board.

According to a preferred embodiment of the vessel of the present invention, a cavity is formed in the keel of the vessel, extending in the longitudinal plane of the sim. metrics from the aft to the inlet end of said aperture or well and connected to the well itself to bring out the network and piping. Preferably, the cavity and the hole have the same width.

A cavity may be enclosed between two keel-shaped structures that allow the network to slide.

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In addition, to avoid obfuscation of the vessel & own trawl network, it should be equipped with two tunnel propulsion devices located outside the mentioned structures.

Preferably, the hole or well in the hull of the vessel is placed in that area of the underwater part of the vessel that does not experience pitch.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the vessel of the present invention, said filtering means and said lifting means are made as a single module having a substantially parallelepiped shape and provided with an inlet pipe for connecting it to the upper end of the pipeline.

At points corresponding to the aforementioned connection, the cross section gradually expands, in addition, a bulkhead is provided with many small holes through which water enters the chamber, from where it is pumped out and forced out.

The operation of pumping water from said chamber is carried out using at least one centrifugal electric pump, or preferably using two such pumps.

The lifting means in said module are in the form of a bucket lifting device that rotates between a pair of spurious wheels and a pair of driving wheels, it being preferred that said lifting device comprises buckets alternating with straight sections.

In addition, in accordance with the present invention, when the vessel of the present invention is operated, the module is placed inside said hole or well.

In the vessel of the present invention, the net, wound on a suitable net winding wheel, is pulled by two cable winches located at the stern of the vessel and containing cables for the trawl boards, and two more warp winches placed in the bow to be towed network.

In addition, a directional engine may be provided in front to increase the maneuverability of the vessel.

On board the vessel of the present invention, devices may be provided for supplying electrical energy to at least one projector and / or at least one television camera.

In addition, a compressed air hose may be provided extending along the pipe and supplying two return branches with compressed air.

extending to trawl spacer boards having a gradually tapering cross section and provided with a plurality of small holes to create two ideal walls of air

0 bubbles.

At a point corresponding to a piece of net, a floating buoy with a cable of adjustable or unregulated length for fishing at a given depth can be provided.

5 A vessel according to the invention is particularly suitable for fishing at great depths of about 100 m.

Figure 1 shows the proposed vessel, a longitudinal section; see 2 - also, view

0 on top; in Fig.3 is a side view of part of the vessel1; in Fig / is a longitudinal section of the part shown in Fig.Z.

In the aft part of the upper deck 2 of the vessel 1 there are two cable winches 3.

5 Winches 3 carry cables - main tow cables 4 spreader boards 5.

Winches 3, in the case of traditional fishing carried out in deep waters, when it is not disadvantageous to use the continuous catch device of the present invention, operate in the usual manner; in the case of fishing with a continuous supply of catch, they serve to pull out the spacer boards 5, while

5, as for towing them by means of cable lines 6, two cable hoists 7 are used, which are located in the bow on the main deck 8.

In the keel 9 of the vessel 1, a cavity 10 is made,

0 extending in the plane of symmetry of the vessel 1 from the rear end of the vessel to the well 11 to which it is connected.

The cavity 10 is placed in width between the two structures 12 in the form of a keel,

5 gliding networks 13.

In order to avoid entanglement when sliding the trawl net 13, the vessel 1 is provided with two movers 41 located laterally with respect to the structures 12.

0 The well 11, having the same width as the cavity 10, is inclined at an angle of 45 ° to the bow of the vessel and extends from kil. 9 to the uppermost superstructures of the vessel, while the said well is adapted for placement in it

5 of module 15. The height of the well 11 is such that module 15 can be located both in position 15a, which is the operating position when fishing with a continuous catch, and in the upper position 156 when fishing is carried out in accordance with the usual rules.

If the last fishing system has been used continuously for a long time (for example, seasonally), said module 15 may be removed and vessel 1 may act as a vessel of a known type, but it will have some advantages that will be disclosed below.

The module 15, which can be moved in the well 11, receives the catch from the pipe 16, separates the fish from the water, lifts the fish to the upper deck 2 and delivers the fish to an appropriate storage bin (not shown). The characteristics of module 15 will be disclosed in more detail below, with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4.

To ensure a continuous supply of catch from the trawl tip to the side, a conduit 16 is made of solid rubber of suitable thickness with an inner diameter of about 800 mm, which is composed of many elements 16 having a length of about 25 m each and provided with flanges on the edges to connect them each other with bolts. Said elements 16 are usually assembled on the main deck 8 and gradually brought out through the well 11 together with the net 13. The first outgoing element 16 is equipped with a suction bell 42 in the form of a truncated cone to facilitate the passage of the catch from the bottom of the cut 17 into the pipeline 16. The last the element 16 is flange-connected to the bottom side of the module 15, when it is in the upper position 15a, when the module 15 is lowered to the lower position 156, the entire pipe 16 goes into working position. The required number of elements 16 depends on the depth at which fishing is carried out, on the size of the network 13 used, on average, 6-8 elements are sufficient. A larger number of elements can be used if there is space on the deck and suitable cranes to move the rubber elements, however, the assembly operation will be too time-consuming, as well as the operation of removing the pipe after the end of fishing.

The trawl net 13 in the idle position is placed on the corresponding wheel 18 for winding the net. The network 13, passing through the front of the upper deck, enters the well 11 itself and is brought out with the pipe 16 inside it, into the working position (Fig. 2).

In the case of traditional fishing, the trawl net 13 will be completely similar to the already known nets, instead of being lifted onto the aft ramp, it will be pulled out by means of the winch wheel 18 for winding the net, until the tip 17 is lifted to the upper deck 2, possibly using cranes (not shown) , already mentioned in connection with the pipeline 16. The entire part of the upper deck 2 between the front end of the well 5 and the winch 18 for winding the net is protected from the weather and is high above sea level, thus forming an optimal area for repair networks 13 in all weather conditions. 0 From this point of view, as already mentioned above, the sign that the well 11 is located practically in that area of the underwater part of the vessel, which can be -executed as independent with respect to changes in the depth of immersion due to pitch. Therefore, unlike conventional trawlers, which are equipped with a feed ramp, the height of which above sea level undergoes noticeable changes cyclically (with severe sea waves), as a result of which there are difficulties with a network thrown into the sea (tears, breakdowns, injuries in people etc.),

5, in the vessel of the present invention, the ramp for lifting the net 13 and the cutter 17 is in an almost stable position with respect to the sea, which allows personnel to work in calm and safe conditions and with significant time savings. In addition, when fishing in areas of floating ice, a significant advantage is provided in that the net 13 and the block 17 are removed from the depth below

5 by the hull, i.e. in the ice-free zone, when the vessel moves backward, the ice sometimes surrounds the wake and can clog the net to such an extent that it will cause the loss of the entire net along with the catch.

0 The network 13 of the vessel of the present invention is generally of a normal shape, the leg 17 is shorter, since this is not necessary, but rather it is necessary to limit the length of pipe 5 of line 1.6.

A buoy 19 connected to the hitch 17 by a cable 20 of a predetermined length allows the hump 17 to be maintained at a desired depth. Buoy 19 may also contain

0 a small winch to adjust the length of the cable 20 during fishing.

The position in which the tensile forces are applied to the bow of the vessel gives rise to problems associated with

5 resistant vessel 1 on course.

The pipe 16 and network 13 are configured to be a stabilizing element.

Despite this, the front auxiliary engine 21 can be applied,

capable of developing directional force in all directions from 0 ° to 360 °, providing the same effect in steering a ship as a rudder.

Mover 21, when it develops a force in the longitudinal direction along the entire length of the vessel, is very useful when sliding the trawl net 13 under the cavity 10, because thanks to it you can temporarily stop the two main movers located on the side of the cavity 10 to eliminate the risk of possible pieces of net , parts of cables or other foreign objects that accidentally end up in the system.

The pipe 16 serves not only to suck in water, but also to tow a piece 17, with which it is rigidly connected through the socket 42. Due to such a function of the pipe, unlike conventional trawl nets, the spacer boards 5 do not perform the functions of towing a piece 17, but they only work on stretching the trawl net 13, the mentioned net can be stretched wider than a regular net of the same size, which provides a greater catch. The presence of such a file, having both elasticity and strength, and having large dimensions, makes it possible to use the trawl net 13 in different ways.

Electrical cables (not marked) can be run along conduit 16 to the inlet of network 13 to supply at least one spotlight 22 that emits intense light and can serve as a good bait for fish at night. In addition, one or more cameras 23 can be provided, with which it is possible to evaluate the situation at the entrance of the network 13 directly from the ship’s bridge, which allows the crew to take appropriate measures. In addition, the invention provides an extremely important and completely new opportunity for fishing krill. If you hold a hose for supplying compressed air 14 along the pipe 16 from the vessel 1 to the trawl net 13, then you can supply compressed air to the two return branches 24 of the hose 14. passing to the two spacer boards 5, in their lower base. If two such hose branches 2A gradually taper in cross section and are suitable. if the number of holes is small, it is possible to ensure continuous leakage of air rising by bubbles to the surface, which, in combination with the speed of the vessel, gives the effect of two ideal walls of air bubbles, as shown in Fig. 2. This can be achieved by selecting the appropriate size of the hose 14,

at any cross section thereof, and the installation on board of suitable compressors capable of providing the required air flow rate under the appropriate pressure.

As a result, small shrimps (krill), which meet with two converging formations of air bubbles, are driven last to their central part and rise to the surface until they reach the upper part of net 13, after which they inevitably fall into the suction funnel of the bell 42. This behavior of shrimp was found in scientific observations reported in

5 relevant technical literature,

and got the name bubble fishing.

. This behavior allows, for example,

groups of whales specially assembled

for this purpose, concentrate in a relatively small space a large number of shrimps, previously scattered and scattered, to eat plenty (in turn).

Such a solution allows

5, a network 13c with much larger cells throughout the portion located outside the channel formed by two walls of air bubbles. This implies a significant advantage, indeed, if the network is made with very small cells, due to the very small size of the shrimp, the vessel must necessarily move at a low speed, because of the risk of breaking the lower part of the network, in addition.

5 the network cannot be too wide, which leads to reduced performance. The solution of the present invention allows the use of wider networks and towing them at a faster speed, without any problems.

By simultaneously combining air bubble and flood barriers. A ditch for illumination, located in front of the barriers, you can get at night a remarkable effect of a calling landscape with the same remarkable effect in terms of catch.

In addition, the mentioned air bubble barriers (used as daytime,

0 and at night) in combination with networks with large cells, as is well known, are very attractive for tuna braids, provided that such braids are previously detected and tracked with

5 sonar, helicopters and other known means, despite the tangible difference between the possible speed of the network in the forward directions, the distracting effect of air bubbles may be enough to ensure that the whole braid is directed to

the lower part of the net, and therefore into the inevitable funnel of the pipeline 16, whose diameter is sufficient even for large tuna, and the speed of the water passing through it allows any resistance of the fish to be overcome.

Figures 3 and 4 show a module 15 having a substantially parallelepiped shape with two beveled parts 25 and 26 at the bottom and top. Preferably, the module 15 was made of metal, in particular stainless steel, and was sufficiently strong and tight.

In Figs. 3 and 4, the module 15 is shown inclined at an angle of 45 ° to the horizontal plane, i.e. in the normal working lower position when it is partially immersed in water. Line 27 shows the line of the ship’s false tail to which module 15 does not reach, for safety reasons, but which nevertheless is very close to the lower end 25 of said module. Line 28 shows the waterline of the vessel at maximum load, which coincides with the sea level and also with the water level inside module 15 when the pumps (not shown) are inactive. Line 29, on the contrary, shows the water level inside the module 15 when the pumps are operating, in a stable state, if their performance and hydraulic head are known, with a fairly accurate estimate of all pressure drops from the inlet of the pipe 16 (at the bottom of the network) to its outlet, which communicates with module 15, and to the filter channel, up to the pumps.

The hole 32 of module 15, the inner diameter of which is equal to the diameter of the pipe 16, in this case 800 mm, is provided with a head with a flange for bolting (not indicated) to the pipe 16.

An inner rubber cover is provided in the connection zone to maintain the type of wall contact that the fish feel inside the pipe 16 under very cramped conditions.

Water sucked through line 16 due to the difference in levels created by the operation of the pumps flows from a circular cross section with a diameter of 800 mm (approximately 0.5 m2) to a rectangular cross section of module 15 (dimensions 3.90 x 1.10 m, which corresponds to approximately 4 , 30 m2). moreover, the cross-section is expanding gradually, thanks to two walls 33 inside the module 15. As a result, the speed that water has in the pipeline 16 very soon decreases to less than 1/8 of its value until it reaches a relatively stable value, which ensures

sufficiently soft discharge of fish contained in water to the deck of the vessel using the elevator 33. A large imbalance between the cross section of the pipeline 5 16 and module 15 (example 4/1) forces any large fish to be transverse to module 15, as and is required for hoist 33, which improves operating conditions.

0 Lift 33 is essentially a bucket chain water wheel and comprises two pairs of large diameter wheels 35, 36. The lower pair 35 is spurious and the upper wheel 36 is driven and driven. driven by an electric motor (not shown) or, preferably, an oleodynamic motor (for more precise speed control) located outside the module

0 15. By moving the module 15 to the upper position 15a, the engine can be disconnected.

Buckets 37 comprise a lower cylindrical portion having the shape shown

5 in FIG. 4, with a diameter of approximately 800 mm for receiving large fish that can pass through line 16. If each bucket 37 is transverse to module 15 approximately 3.5 m long, a cross section and length will be sufficient to receive larger tuna, weighing about 200 kg each.

To provide suitable kinematic motion as wheels 35 and

5 36, buckets 37 are placed so that they do not fit and do not follow each other, but are separated by straight sections 38, which do not play a role in raising the catch, but are very effective in providing better

0 filling each ladle 37, the volume of which is very large and corresponds to a larger number of fish. It should be added that in the case where the fishing area is rich in fish, the catch recovery operation can be accelerated

5 by varying the ascent rate.

The buckets 37 and the straight members 38 are made of stainless steel, while the surface in contact with the fish and the reinforcing structures on the other side are not made perfectly smooth. In addition, they are provided with several small holes in order to fulfill the filtering function. Separation of water from solid contents (fish or,

5 of any foreign objects falling into the network) is carried out using a separation bulkhead 39 made of a durable stainless steel plate, the width of which in the example shown in the drawing is 3.90 m,

and the total length is 4.10 m, so that the surface area is about 16 m. Taking into account the fact that the cross section of the water suction pipe 16 is approximately 0.5 m, it can be noted that said bulkhead 39 is a good filter if holes of small diameter (no more than 5 mm) are drilled over its entire surface. The said holes can be drilled very close to each other, since the strength and thickness of the plate allows this to be done without loosening the latter. The shape and size of said bulkhead filter 39 allows water to be continuously sucked from the inlet until the water has fulfilled its function of transferring the catch contained therein.

The water separated from its solid contents fills the chamber 40 through the bulkhead 39, which acts as a pressure zone from which water is continuously expelled outside the module.

Water is pumped out by means of two centrifugal electric pumps 34 located in the corresponding sealed chamber, while the suction channel of the mentioned pumps is connected to the chamber 40, and the pressure channel extends outside, behind the module 15.

The vessel is equipped with two pumps 34 instead of one, in order to have a spare pump, and also because the operation of only one pump or two at once provides two different capacities, which can be adapted to the fishing speed at a particular moment. During operation, the water level inside the module 15, line 29, is set in one place below the sea level outside the module 15, so that the corresponding water velocity at the outlet of the piping 16 in the module 15 is V (2gh) 1/2, where h is the hydrostatic head ( neglecting the pressure drop in the pipeline), which is exactly 1 m, then V 4.43 m / s, which corresponds to a capacity of about 8000 m / h, since the cross-sectional area is approximately 0.5 m2.

Each pump with a capacity of 4000 m / h at a pressure of at least 10 m requires an electric motor with a capacity of approximately 200 hp. at 1,500 rpm, so that the total power required for pumping is 400 hp. This power is spent not only on pumping water out of the chamber 40, but also on creating a pressure in the direction of the outlet stream.

If only one pump is running, the speed of the pumped water is 2.1 m / s and the internal water level is set approximately 0.25 m below sea level.

The use of electric motors with two or three pairs of poles makes it possible to control the pump performance over a wide range, depending on the fishing speed.

The present invention has been disclosed by the example of some of its preferred options, however, it should be noted that persons skilled in the art can make modifications and / or changes that do not go beyond the scope and essence of the invention, in relation to which is claimed priority right

Claims (7)

The claims 1. A vessel for catching fish, containing trawl, a catch suction pipe, 0 one end of which is equipped with a socket for connection to a cutter and the other to a keel hole of a channel made in the vessel’s hull, a means located in the channel for lifting the catch inside the vessel, characterized by the fact that, in order to increase fishing productivity, the pipeline is made of modular elements articulated with each other, means for raising the catch inside the vessel contains 0 water separator and suction mechanism, and the channel is made with the possibility of skipping trawl and pipeline. 2.Ship by. Claim 1, characterized in that a cavity is made in the keel, located 5 ma in the longitudinal plane of symmetry from the aft to the channel inlet and communicated with the latter. 3. The vessel according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the hole and cavity have the same width. 4. The ship according to claims 1-3, characterized the fact that the cavity is located between two keel structures serving to guide the network when it 5 slip. 5. A ship according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it is equipped with two side tunnel propulsors. 6. The vessel according to claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the water separator and the means for raising the catch are made in the form of a single module, which is equipped with an inlet pipe for connecting it to the upper end of the pipeline. 5 7. The vessel according to claims 1-6, with the exception that the module has the shape of a parallelepiped, B. A ship according to claims 1 to 7, characterized in that in the area of connection with the pipeline the module is made tapering to size. ditches corresponding to the cross section of the pipeline. 9. A ship as claimed in claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the water separator comprises a bulkhead with a plurality of small holes communicating with a chamber for disposing means for displacing water from the module. J. Ship according to claims 6 and 9, characterized in that the means for displacing water from the module is made in the form of a centrifugal electric pump and is preferably equipped with an additional pump. 11. The ship according to claims 1, 6-10. characterized in that the lifting means of the module is in the form of a bucket lifting device. 12. The vessel according to claims 1 and 11, with the proviso that the bucket lifting device is mounted for rotation between a pair of spurious and a pair of drive wheels. 13. The ship according to paragraphs 1, 11 and 12, it is further stated that the lifting device comprises buckets alternating with straight sections separating them from each other. 14. A ship according to claims 1 to 13, characterized in that it is provided with a wheel for winding the trawl, with two fan winches located in the stern of the vessel and two cable winches located in the bow of the vessel. 15. The vessel according to claims 1-14, characterized in that it is equipped with a bow directional engine. . 1b. The vessel according to claims 1-15, wherein it is provided with an electric power source of at least one searchlight and / or at least one television camera. 17. The vessel according to claims 1-16, characterized in that it is provided with a hose for supplying compressed air along the pipeline and two return branches of the hose having a gradually tapering cross section made with many small diameter holes to create walls from air bubbles and located towards the spacer shields of the trawl. 18. The ship according to claims 1-17, characterized in that the tail of the trawl is equipped with a floating buoy with a cable of adjustable or unregulated length. rig. { 21 thirteen fifteen j 31, 25 39 23  . 1 f (/. 4