RU181230U1 - MACHINE-AUTOMATIC MACHINE FOR GRINDING BALLS FROM SEMI-PRECIOUS STONES - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to devices for abrasive processing of balls. The device can be used, for example, in the jewelry industry in the manufacture of beads from semiprecious and ornamental stones, including amber. The automatic machine contains a bed with a stand, on which a spindle connected to the electric motor is mounted with a grinding wheel fixed on it, made with a profile radius groove on the peripheral surface. The pendulum mechanism is installed with the possibility of rocking motion and includes a roller equipped with a separate electric motor, made with two protruding rubber rings on the peripheral surface, which is oriented opposite to the peripheral surface of the grinding wheel. The support for the processed ball is located on the pendulum mechanism between the peripheral surfaces of the circle and the roller. The machine is additionally equipped with a vacuum pump associated with a pneumatic distributor and a pneumatic cylinder used as a drive for the oscillating motion of the pendulum mechanism. The pneumatic cylinder is equipped with air flow regulators in the cylinder and piston position sensors. The machine is equipped with a piece-by-piece ball feeding mechanism, including a hopper-feeder and a feeder, mounted with the possibility of reciprocating movement from the hopper-feeder to the support under the ball. Tubes connected through a pneumatic distributor with a pneumatic pump were used as a feeder and a backup for a ball. In addition, the machine is equipped with a control unit associated with a pneumatic distributor, a pneumatic pump, a pneumatic cylinder, and electric motors. Increases productivity of processing of balls. 7 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to abrasive processing devices. The device can be used, for example, in the jewelry industry in the manufacture of beads from semiprecious and ornamental stones, including amber.

Known automatic machine for processing balls of amber with a cam drive swinging movement and a hopper automatic loading batcher (Borisov BP and other Machine for processing balls of amber. "Izvestia", 2004, No. 5, KSTU, p. 82- 86).

The disadvantages of this automatic machine include:

there is no power shortage of the workpiece, which leads to a large percentage of marriage (the ball breaks);

lack of a “nursing” processing stage, i.e. achievement of average accuracy;

complex kinematic structure;

high cost, effective only in conditions of mass and large-scale production.

A device for processing balls of amber and other materials is known - the SKU machine of the Polish company AVALON [http://www.rundist.com/published/publicdata/ORIGINALRUNDIST/attachments/SC/products_pictures/DTR%20SKU%20GB.pdf] This machine is selected as the closest analogue. The machine includes a bed with a stand on which a spindle connected to the drive is mounted with a fixed grinding wheel made with a profile radius groove on the peripheral surface. A pendulum mechanism is mounted on the machine bed containing a roller, a ball support, and a drive as part of an auxiliary engine and a belt drive. The pendulum mechanism is mounted with the possibility of rocking movement on two hinged supports, which is carried out manually using the handle of the pendulum mechanism. On the peripheral surface of the roller, in the grooves, two rubber rings of circular cross-section are mounted in such a way that they protrude half above the surface of the roller. The support for the workpiece (ball) is made in the form of a rod and mounted on a pendulum mechanism with the possibility of installation movements in horizontal and vertical planes. The machine is equipped with a coolant supply system (tap water), protective covers, control panels. The pendulum mechanism can occupy two extreme positions: working and non-working (tilted), which are limited by locks. When processing on the described machine, the workpiece goes through several stages of the processing cycle. At the initial loading stage, the workpiece is manually installed on the end surface of the support and at the same time it is supported on the point sections of the passives, as a result, the workpiece in the form of a ball is supported by three points that do not lie in the same plane, which makes its position unstable, it is held only by the strength of its weight which is too small to hold properly. In this position, a smooth translational movement of the pendulum mechanism together with the workpiece along the arc path to the grinding wheel is reported manually. When the workpiece touches two extreme points on the groove profile of a rotating grinding wheel (this moment characterizes the intermediate loading stage), the roller is informed of rotation in the opposite direction. At the stage of final loading, with further movement of the pendulum mechanism, a force closure of the rubber ring-workpiece-circle system occurs, at which the workpiece is processed into a given diameter. After that, the pendulum mechanism is manually transferred to the inoperative position, the roller is stopped, and the treated ball falls into the collection tank.

The disadvantages of the described machine include:

the use of manual piece loading of blanks on the machine is an extremely unproductive and tedious operation, especially in the manufacture of balls of very popular small diameters of 2.5 ... 3 mm;

The transport movement of the workpiece from the loading position to the starting position of processing takes a relatively long time, which is idle and reduces productivity, but because of the need to comply with safety precautions, the pendulum mechanism along with the ball support must be diverted from the grinding wheel to a sufficiently large angle α = 35 ... 45 °; the base of the workpiece is very unstable, and when transporting the workpiece to the processing zone, it is held at the transitional base points exclusively by its weight, which does not exclude the fall of the workpiece;

when manually controlling the swinging movement of the pendulum mechanism, it is very difficult to synchronize the moment of turning on the circular feed with a certain position of the workpiece, which can lead to the formation of “flats” on the workpiece or the workpiece breaks, or the workpiece flies off the support;

with manual control it is impossible to ensure uniform and stable force of pressing the workpiece to the grinding wheel, which means that it is difficult to calibrate the shape and exact diameter of the ball.

The utility model solves the problem of increasing the productivity of the automatic machine, by automating the loading and processing of balls through the use of pneumatic equipment.

To obtain the necessary technical result in the automatic machine for grinding balls of semiprecious stones, containing a frame with a stand, on which is mounted a spindle connected to the electric motor with a grinding wheel fixed to it, made with a profile radius groove on the peripheral surface, and a pendulum mechanism installed with the possibility of rocking movement, including a roller equipped with a separate electric motor, made with two protruding rubber rings on the peripheral surface spine that is oriented oppositely to the peripheral surface of the grinding wheel, and a backup processed ball, disposed between the peripheral surfaces of the wheel and the roller, the machine additionally serves to provide a vacuum pump connected with the valve, and a pneumatic cylinder, used as a drive swinging pendulum movement mechanism. It is proposed to equip the pneumatic cylinder with regulators of air supply to the cylinder and piston position sensors. In addition, the machine is proposed to be equipped with a piece-by-piece ball feeding mechanism, including a hopper-feeder and a feeder, mounted with the possibility of reciprocating movement from the hopper-feeder to the support under the ball. It is proposed to use tubes connected through a pneumatic distributor with a pneumatic pump as a feeder and a support for a ball. In addition, it is proposed to equip the machine with a control unit associated with a pneumatic distributor, an air pump, an air cylinder, and electric motors.

The graphic materials attached to the description show:

FIG. 1 - image of the design of the proposed machine;

FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of the operation of the proposed automatic machine;

FIG. 3 is a diagram of reference points when loading a workpiece at an initial stage;

FIG. 4 is a diagram of reference points for loading a workpiece at an intermediate stage;

FIG. 5 is a diagram of the final loading of the workpiece;

FIG. 6 is a diagram of the acting forces on the workpiece at the processing stage;

FIG. 7 is a schematic representation of the operation of the machine - the closest analogue.

The following notations are used on graphic materials:

1 - grinding wheel; 2 - a rubber ring; 3 - roller; 4 - belt drive; 5 - an electric motor that informs the rotation of the roller 3; 6 - the handle of the pendulum mechanism; 7 - pendulum mechanism; 8, 9 - micrometric emphasis; 10 - backup under the ball; 11 - bed; 12 - articulated support; 13, 19 - tube; 14 - pneumatic distributor; 15 - air pump; 16 - blocking the movement of the pendulum mechanism; 17 - blank (ball); 18 - feeder; 20 - hopper feeder; 21 - an electric motor that reports rotation to the grinding wheel 1; 22 - belt drive; 23 - rack; 24 - spindle; 25 - pneumatic cylinder; 26 - an arm; 27 - profile radius groove; 28 - trough; 29 - control unit;

B ₁ - the direction of rotation of the grinding wheel 1;

B ₂ - directions of the swinging motion of the pendulum mechanism 7;

B ₃ - the direction of rotation of the roller 3;

P ₁ , P ₂ - the direction of installation movements in the horizontal plane;

P ₃ - the direction of installation movements in the vertical plane;

P ₄ - the direction of movement of the feeder 18;

d _W - the diameter of the ball;

c, e, f are the ball support points at the initial loading stage;

m, n are the ball support points on the grinding wheel at the intermediate and final loading stage;

δ is the allowance for processing the ball;

Δh is the gap between the extreme points of the profile of the radius groove and the ball; α 'is the angle of deviation from the vertical of the pendulum mechanism in the extreme inoperative position;

α '' is the angle of deviation from the vertical of the pendulum mechanism in the initial stage of loading the workpiece;

α '' '- 0 - the range of radial feed during the working technological movement of the pendulum mechanism.

The proposed automatic machine includes a frame 11, on which a spindle 24 is mounted on a stand 23 with a fixed grinding wheel 1 made with a profile radius groove 27 on the peripheral surface. The pendulum mechanism 7 is mounted on articulated supports 12 with the possibility of installation movements in the horizontal (P ₁ and P ₂ ) and vertical planes (P ₃ ). As the drive of the oscillating motion of the pendulum mechanism 7, a pneumatic cylinder 25 is used (Fig. 1, 2, B ₂ ). The extreme positions of the pendulum mechanism 7 are limited by micrometric stops 8, 9. The support 10 under the ball is mounted on the pendulum mechanism 7 with the possibility of installation displacements (Fig. 1, P ₁ P ₃ ) and is made in the form of a tube connected through an air distributor 14 to an air pump 15. Roller 3, made with two rubber rings 2 and mounted on a pendulum mechanism 7, is equipped with a separate drive with an electric motor 5. The automatic machine is additionally equipped with a piece-by-piece ball feeding mechanism, including a hopper-feeder 20 and a feed chik 18, connected through a pneumatic distributor 14 with an air pump 15 and installed with the possibility of reciprocating movement from the hopper-feeder 20 to the backup 10 under the ball. The hopper feeder 20 is made with an output channel in the lower part, which is connected with the groove 28. The automatic machine is equipped with a control unit 29 associated with a pneumatic distributor 14, an air pump 15, an air cylinder 25, electric motors 5, 21.

The automatic machine is equipped with a coolant supply system (water) and a tray for receiving processed balls (not shown in the diagram). All electrical and pneumatic equipment of the automatic machine is connected into a single electro-pneumatic circuit.

Description of the operation of the machine.

Automatic machine operates as follows. In the hopper feeder 20 load the blanks-balls. The feeder 18, made in the form of a tube, is located above the groove 28 in front of the output channel of the hopper-feeder 20. There is no vacuum in the feeder 18. Air pressure is supplied to the upper part of the pneumatic cylinder 25, as a result of which the pendulum mechanism 7 occupies an extreme inoperative position, limited by a tuned micrometer stop 9, characterized by a vertical angle α '. Electric motors 5 and 21 are turned off.

Turning on the machine.

By pressing the “Start” button of the control panel, the electric motor 21 is turned on and the grinding wheel 1 is rotated B ₁ , the air pump 15 is turned on. The water supply valve to the working area is opened (not shown in the diagram).

When you press the “Cycle” button of the control panel, the automatic operation of the pre-programmed controller starts, the automatic machine automatically performs the stages of the cycle of the processing process sequentially.

Stage I

At the command of the controller, the vacuum from the air pump 15 through the air distributor 14 is fed to the feeder 18, which is used as a tube, and the workpiece (ball) 17, located in front of the end of the feeder 18, is securely attached to it. The feeder 18 together with the workpiece 17 begins to translate towards the end of the support 10 under the ball, which is also used as a tube. When the feeder 18 moves, it closes the output channel of the hopper-feeder 20, preventing the billet-balls from entering it into the groove 28. There is no vacuum in the tube serving as a backup 10 under the ball. When the workpiece, moved by the feeder 18, reaches the end of the backup tube 10 under the ball, the end sensor of the pneumatic cylinder 25 is activated and the controller disables the "vacuum supply" to the feeder 18 and turns on the "vacuum supply" to the backup 10 under the ball. As a result, the ball "lags" from the end of the feeder 18 and sticks to the end of the backup 10 under the ball.

At the same instant, the feeder 18 begins its return movement to its original position, and a signal is supplied from the controller to the pneumatic cylinder 25 of the pendulum mechanism 7 with a small time delay to supply pressure to the backup 10 under the ball 17.

Stage II

Since the feeder 18 has already managed to move away from the support 10 under the ball, it does not prevent the pendulum mechanism 7 from moving under the action of the pneumatic cylinder 25 towards the grinding wheel 1 together with the support 10 and the ball bearing 17 which is securely held and also with the roller 3. When this workpiece 17 is based not only on the backup 10, but also on the point sections (e, f, Fig. 3, 4, 5) of the rubber rings 2 on the roller 3.

In parallel with the started movement of the pendulum mechanism 7, the feeder 18 continues the return movement P ₄ (Fig. 2) to its initial position, at which the output channel of the hopper-feeder 20 opens again and the next ball enters from the outlet channel into the groove 28 and faces the end of the feeder 18 .

Stage III

The pendulum mechanism 7 at the command of the control unit 29 begins to move the workpiece-ball 17 along an arc path to the surface of the profile radius groove 27 on the grinding wheel 1, automatically slowing down at the command of the control unit 29 when approaching the surface of the groove 27. When the workpiece-ball 17 is smooth, “With braking” approaches the abrasive surface at a distance of 0.2-0.3 mm from its most protruding points on the profile, a pre-configured induction sensor is triggered, which gives the controller a command to reset the “vacuum” in the backup 10 under the workpiece-ball 17. At the same time, a command is received from the control unit 29 to turn on the electric motor 5 and the roller 3 receives a rotation B ₃ opposite to B ₁ (Fig. 2). Since the inclusion of any systems has a certain inertness, by the time the B3 ball starts to move, the pendulum mechanism 7 manages to pass the remaining 0.2 ... 0.3 mm and ensures smooth contact of the surface of the workpiece-ball 17 (and at a strictly defined radial cutting speed) with the profile surface radius groove 27 on the grinding wheel 1. At the same time, the vacuum "dropped" from the backup 10 under the ball gives the billet-ball 17 freedom of movement and a reliable, well-defined, pneumatic force of the short circuit rubber ring-ball-circle systems, which are guaranteed to create the necessary torque on the workpiece. As a result, the billet-ball 17 begins to rotate intensively, relying on the support 10, and due to the rubber rings 2, the ball is informed of the optimal circumferential cutting speed, and due to the smooth movement of the pendulum mechanism 7 - a stable predetermined radial feed in the area of the arc path of the roller center, when the pendulum mechanism 7 rotates on an articulated support 12 through an angle from α ″ to 0 ° (FIG. 2). It is in this section that accelerated transport movement B _{2 of the} pendulum mechanism 7, without changing its physical essence, acquires a new property: it becomes a working technological movement of the radial feed of the workpiece with a very specific technological mode.

Stage IV

In the process of the ongoing slow motion of the radial feed (rotation B ₂ , FIG. 2), the movement of the circular feed (rotation B ₃ , Fig. 2) and the movement of the cutting speed (rotation B ₁ , Fig. 2), the workpiece-ball 17 passes the rest of the way cutting and at the same time with abrasive grains of grinding wheel 1, the allowance "δ" is removed from it (for example, for amber balls on average it is about 0.5 mm). At the end of the stage, the pendulum mechanism 7 rests on a fixed plate (not shown in the diagram) with a micrometer stop 9. The pendulum mechanism is emphasized according to the exact settings that are set in advance, which are set depending on the required diameter of the ball. This process is called “nursing” the surface of the ball, thereby increasing the accuracy and quality of its surface. The pneumatic cylinder 25 provides a time delay strictly defined by the controller, pressing the micrometer stop 8 against the plate (not shown in the diagram), thereby increasing the accuracy and surface quality of the product.

Stage V

At the end of the “nursing” time, at the command of the controller, the pneumatic cylinder 25 begins the accelerated retraction of the pendulum mechanism 7 with the backup 10 and the ball 17 already processed from the working area (reverse movement B ₂ , Fig. 2) from the grinding wheel 1. At the same time, the vacuum is supplied to the backup 10 under the ball 17 and, thus, the finished ball is reliably based on the working surface of the support 10, and there is no danger of accidental damage by continuing to rotate continuously around circle 1. Due to the reverse movement B _{2 of the} pendulum mechanism 7, the backup 10 takes at the end of this stage a position that is characterized by the angle of rotation of the pendulum mechanism 7 by an angle α ′, i.e. extreme inoperative position, controlled by blocking (pivoting) of the movement of the pendulum mechanism 7. In this case, the center of the processed ball 17 held by vacuum at the end of the support 10 will be located on the movement line of the feeder 18 (see Fig. 2).

Stage VI

Upon reaching the extreme right, initial, position by the pendulum mechanism 7 (controlled by a micrometer stop 9), a “vacuum” is applied to the feeder 18 at the command of the controller and its movement begins along with the next ball blank into the working area. Approaching the end of the support 10 under the ball, the feeder 18, with a new billet-ball pushes the processed ball from the end of the support 10 into the receiving tray (not shown in the diagram) and stops in such a position that the center of the newly delivered delivered billet-ball is located along the axis of the tube props 10 under the ball. Since the vacuum from the support 10 for the ball was not removed, the delivered workpiece is held at the end of the support 10 for the ball, and the vacuum from the feeder 18 is removed at that moment and the feeder 18, by the command of the controller, performs a reverse movement P ₄ to the initial position.

Next, the cycle repeats.

Thus, the proposed automatic machine allows to increase the productivity of processing balls, compared with the closest analogue described, by automating the loading of workpieces and processing, as well as to increase the accuracy and stability of the given dimensions of the products and reduce the number of defective products.

Claims (1)

An automatic machine for grinding balls of semiprecious stones, comprising a bed with a stand, on which a spindle connected to an electric motor is mounted with a grinding wheel mounted on it, made with a profile radius groove on the peripheral surface, a pendulum mechanism mounted with the possibility of rocking movement and having a roller with a separate electric motor, made with two protruding rubber rings on the peripheral surface, which is oriented opposite the peripheral surface an oval circle, and a support for the ball being machined, located between the peripheral surfaces of the circle and the roller, a piece-feeding mechanism for balls and a machine control unit, characterized in that it is equipped with a pneumatic pump connected to the pneumatic distributor and a pneumatic cylinder used as a swinging drive the pendulum mechanism and having regulators for supplying air to the cylinder and piston position sensors, while the piece-feeding mechanism for balls is made in the form of a hopper-feeder for balls and a ball feeder mounted with the possibility of reciprocating movement from the hopper-feeder to the aforementioned ball support, the feeder and ball support being made in the form of tubes connected through a pneumatic distributor to a pneumatic pump, and a pneumatic distributor, pneumatic pump, pneumatic cylinder and said electric motors are connected with control unit.

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