RU1811265C - Ultrasonic inclination meter - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: measurement technology. SUBSTANCE: inclination meter has annular magneto-striction sonic line 1, leash 2, polarizer 3, hinge 4, acoustic absorber 5, reflector 6, reading-out element 7, pulse oscillator 8, record amplifier 9, read-out former-amplifier 10, coding and computing unit 11, control bus 12, n data buses 13, sign of slope n buses 14. Reflector and reading-out element are disposed at both sides of the acoustic absorber. Units mentioned above are mounted onto the sonic line, as well as absorber. Hinge is disposed at the center of axis of sonic line and is connected by means of the leash with the polarizer, which is located onto the sonic line for movement along it. EFFECT: improved precision; improved efficiency. 3 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to measuring equipment and is intended to measure and control the angular deviation of the object.

 The aim of the invention is to increase the resolution of the transducer by increasing the base of passage of the elastic wave of the C-shaped acoustic path.

 In FIG. 1 shows a structural diagram of an ultrasonic tiltmeter; in FIG. an embodiment of its coding and computing unit; figure 3 of the main timing diagrams explaining the operation of the ultrasonic tiltmeter.

 The ultrasonic tiltmeter (Fig. 1) contains a C-shaped sound guide 1 made of magnetostrictive material with a radius of curvature R, lead 2, polarizer 3, hinge 4, acoustic absorber 5, reflecting load 6, concentrated reading element 7, pulse generator 8, recording amplifier 9 , a reading amplifier 10, an encoding and computing unit 11, a control bus 12, a data n-bus 13 and a slope m-bus 14. The magnetostrictive sound pipe 1 is enclosed in an acoustic absorber 5. On one side of it on the sound pipe 1 a concentrated reading element 7 is fixedly connected, connected through a reading amplifier 10 and to the signal input of the coding and computing unit 11, and on the other hand, a reflective load 6. On the working of the part of the sound pipe 1, a polarizer 3 is mounted, made with the possibility of movement, kinematically connected through a lead 2 and a hinge 4 to the axial center of the sound pipe 1. The output of the amplifier 9 records galvanic the ski is connected to the sound duct 1 through an acoustic absorber 5. Its input is connected to the reference input of the coding and computing unit 11, as well as to the output of the pulse generator 8, the input of which is connected to the control bus 12. The first and second groups of outputs of the coding and computing unit 11 are connected to data buses 13 and slope sign buses 14, respectively.

 Ultrasonic tiltmeter works as follows.

Initially, the converter (FIG. 1) is in a locked state. On the signal "Resolution" (figa), supplied via the control bus 12, it is transferred to the operating mode. A pulse generator 8 is started, generating rectangular video pulses with a polling frequency of the primary converter f _op 1 / T _op (Fig. 3, b), which pass to the reference input of the coding and computing unit 11 and the input of the recording amplifier 9. The counters 20-22 of the coding and computing unit 11 are zeroed and the recording amplifier 9 is excited. A recording current signal is generated at its output, which passes into the magnetostrictive sound duct 1 medium and excites an elastic torsion wave under the polarizer 3 due to the magnetomechanical transformation (eff. Wiedemann). This wave at the next instant of time propagates in both directions along the C-shaped sound duct 1.

(1) где l₁ расстояние от сосредоточенного элемента 7 считывания до поляризатора 3 по огибающей звукопровода 1 и считывается вследствие магнитоупругого преобразования (эф. Виллари). Поступая на вход усилителя-формирователя 10 считывания, аналоговый сигнал (фиг.3.в) усиливается, преобразуется в прямоугольный видеоимпульс (фиг.3.г) и проходит на сигнальный вход блока 11 кодирования и вычислений, переключая его Т-триггер 15 (фиг.2, фиг.3.е,ж). По фронту его сигнала переключается второй Т-триггер 16 (фиг.3.д), что вызывает запуск измерительного генератора 17 (фиг.3.з,и,к). Его счетные сигналы, следующие с частотой дискретизации временного интервала перемещения f_о 1/Т_о, проходят на входы логических элементов 18, 19 И и подсчитываются первым счетчиком 20 (фиг.3,з). Импульсы генератора 17 одновременно проходят через открытый второй логический элемент 19 И на счетный вход третьего счетчика 22 (фиг.3.и) и накапливаются, формируя код перемещения
N₁= T₁f_o=

· f_o
(2)
Другая упругая волна распространяется по звукопроводу 1 в сторону отражающей нагрузки 6, достигает ее, испытывает отражение без изменения фазы и профиля волны и распространяется в сторону сосредоточенного элемента 7 считывания, который достигает через искомое время
T₂=

(3) где l₂ расстояние от поляризатора 3 до отражающей нагрузки 6 по огибающей звукопровода 1.So, propagating in the direction of the concentrated reading element 7, the elastic wave reaches it after the desired time
T ₁ =

(1) where l _{1 is the} distance from the concentrated reading element 7 to the polarizer 3 along the envelope of the sound pipe 1 and is read as a result of magnetoelastic transformation (eff. Villari). Coming to the input of the reading amplifier-shaper 10, the analog signal (Fig. .2, Fig. 3e, g). On the front of its signal, a second T-trigger 16 is switched (Fig.3.d), which causes the start of the measuring generator 17 (Fig.3.z, and, k). Its counting signals, following with the sampling frequency of the time interval of the movement f _about 1 / T _about , pass to the inputs of the logic elements 18, 19 And and are counted by the first counter 20 (Fig.3, h). The pulses of the generator 17 simultaneously pass through the open second logic element 19 And to the counting input of the third counter 22 (Fig.3.i) and accumulate, forming a displacement code
N ₁ = T ₁ f _o =

F _o
(2)
Another elastic wave propagates through the sound pipe 1 towards the reflective load 6, reaches it, experiences reflection without changing the phase and profile of the wave, and propagates towards the concentrated reading element 7, which reaches after the desired time
T ₂ =

(3) where l _{2 is the} distance from the polarizer 3 to the reflective load 6 along the envelope of the sound duct 1.

· f_o
(4)
а на выводах первого счетчика 20 код полного цикла преобразования перемещений, равный
N₃= T f_o= (T₁+T₂) f_o= 2

· f_o
определяющий угловое отклонение αобъекта от положения вертикали в относительных значениях.As a result, at the terminals of the concentrated reading element 7, an analog reading signal is generated, which is converted into a rectangular video pulse by the reading amplifier 10 (Fig. 3d). The T-flip-flops 15, 16 are switched, which leads to the stop of the measuring generator 17, the blocking of the logic elements 18, 19 And and the start of the one-shot 23 (Fig.3.l), by the signal of which the T-flip-flops 15, 16 are initialized ( Fig.3, d, e, g.). At the terminals of the second counter 21, a movement code is generated
N ₂ = T ₂ f _o =

F _o
(4)
and on the outputs of the first counter 20, the code of the complete cycle of the transformation of movements equal to
N ₃ = T f _o = (T ₁ + T ₂ ) f _o = 2

F _o
determining the angular deviation of the α object from the vertical position in relative values.

· f_o
(7)
По относительным значениям кодов (6), (7) отклонения объекта от вертикали α= ll₁--l₂l/0,01745 R в третьем вычитателе 27 производится вычисление результирующего кода удвоенной разрешающей способности по перемещению, равный
N_x=

N₄-N

2

· f_o
(8)
Знак кода (8) отклонения объекта вычисляет цифровой компаратор 28 и представляет его в виде m=3-разрядного кода
N_3н= N₃-N₅=

(9)
На выходе логического элемента 29 ИЛИ формируется сигнал (0/1), которым переключаются входы цифрового коммутатора 26, определяя однозначное прохождение кодов (6), (7) на входы третьего вычитателя 27 (8). С выходов блока 11 кодирования и вычислений код N_х проходит на n-шины 13 данных с формированием сигнала "Угол наклона". Код N_зн знака наклона с других выходов блока 11 проходит на m-шины 14 знака наклона, формируя сигнал "Знак наклона". На этом цикл преобразования завершается и преобразователь переходит в режим ожидания очередного цикла, который выполняется по сигналу генератора 8 импульсов.From the output of the second and third counters 21, 22, codes (2), (4) go to the inputs of the second subtractor 25, where the relative value of the code of the angular deviation of the object is calculated, which is equal to twice the sensitivity of movement
N ₄ = N ₃ -N ₅ = 2

F _o
(7)
Using the relative values of codes (6), (7), the deviation of the object from the vertical α = ll ₁ --l ₂ l / 0,01745 R in the third subtractor 27, the resulting code of the doubled resolving capacity for moving is calculated, which is equal to
N _x =

N ₄ -N

2

F _o
(8)
The sign of the code (8) of the deviation of the object is calculated by the digital comparator 28 and presents it in the form of m = 3-bit code
N _3n = N ₃ -N ₅ =

(nine)
At the output of the OR gate 29, a signal is generated (0/1), which switches the inputs of the digital switch 26, determining the unique passage of codes (6), (7) to the inputs of the third subtractor 27 (8). From the outputs of the coding and computation unit 11, the N _x code passes to the n-data buses 13 with the formation of the signal “Tilt Angle”. Code N _receptacle tilt plate with the other outputs unit 11 passes on m-bus tilt plate 14, forming the signal "Sign of inclination." This completes the conversion cycle and the converter goes into standby mode of the next cycle, which is performed by the signal of the 8 pulse generator.

 Thus, the implementation of the sound duct of the primary transducer C-shaped with a reflective load doubles its resolution at a given sampling frequency of the time interval of movement (8) compared with the prototype. In addition, the implementation of the sound duct metal allows you to simultaneously increase the reliability, manufacturability of the ultrasonic tiltmeter, helping to expand the field of technical applications.

Claims (1)

 ULTRASONIC INCLINOMER, containing a ring sound guide, an acoustic absorber mounted on the sound guide, a pulse generator and a coding and calculation unit, characterized in that, in order to increase the resolution, a recording amplifier, a read driver, a concentrated read element, a polarizer, a reflector are introduced into it , a lead, a hinge, and a data and tilt sign control bus, while the output of the pulse generator is connected to the reference input of the coding and calculation unit and the input of the amplifier behind a recording whose output is connected to an acoustic absorber, on either side of which a reflector and a concentrated reading element are placed on the sound duct, connected to an amplifier for a read driver, the output of which is connected to a signal input of a coding and calculation unit, the first and second outputs of which are connected respectively to data buses and the sign of the slope, the output of the pulse generator is connected to the control bus, and the sound duct is made of magnetostrictive material, the hinge is located in the center of the sound axis the wire and connected by a leash with a polarizer located on the sound duct and made with the possibility of movement along it.

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