RU1809848C - Relieving wall - Google Patents

Abstract

Using; fixing embankments and terraces. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: The retaining wall is made of blocks. The blocks are laid in horizontal rows and connected by vertical rods. Each block is made with a widened front and tail parts and with a narrowed middle part. In the front part of the block holes are made in which the rods are installed. The holes in which the lower ends of the rods are placed. Have an arcuate shape and are removed from the longitudinal axis of the block and its rear face to a greater distance than the holes in which the upper ends of the rods are placed. The bean faces of the front and tail parts are planed beveled in the direction of the Kytyl face, tail width; smaller than the front. The tail part can be performed with weakened zones, mi. Blocks can be made with vertical | cavities. 2 s.p. f-ly, 28 ill.

Description

The invention relates to the construction and the construction of retaining walls.

The purpose of the invention is to simplify the construction of a retaining wall of various shapes in plan and step shape in cross section:

In FIG. 1 depicts the described retaining wall, general view; in FIG. 2 - block retaining wall, facing the bottom face up, axonometric; in FIG. 3 - the same, bottom view; in FIG. 4 same, top view; in FIG. 5 is a section AA in FIG. 3; in FIG. 6 is a section BB in FIG. 4; in FIG. 7 - fragments of a retaining wall, axonometric; FIG. 8 - same, top view; in FIG. 9 is a section BB in FIG. 8; in FIG. 10 is a section GG in FIG. 8; in FIG. 11 is a fragment of a horizontal row of convexity of a retaining wall, top view; in FIG. 12

- modification of retaining wall block, axonometric; in FIG. 13 - same, top view; in FIG. 14 - also, view from below; in FIG. 15 same, rear view; in FIG. 16 is a section DD in FIG. thirteen;. in FIG. 17 is a section EE in FIG. 14; in FIG. 18 - additional block retaining wall, axonometric; on fig, 19 is the same, a top view; in FIG. 20 - the same, bottom view; in FIG. 21 - the same, rear view; in FIG. 22 is a retaining wall, an embodiment, front view; in FIG. 23 - same, top view; in FIG. 24 is a view along arrows in FIG. 22; in FIG. 25 is a section 3-3 in FIG. 22; in FIG. 26 - section II in FIG. 25; in FIG. 27 is a section KK in FIG. 25; in FIG. 28. - section LL in FIG. 25.

The retaining wall consists of blocks 1 laid in horizontal rows, which are integral elements of

00

09

concrete or other durable structural materials, such as plastics, reinforced plastics, ceramics, bricks, wood and metal.

As shown in FIG. 2-4 block 1 has a widened front 2 m tail 3 and a narrowed middle 4 parts. The front part 2 has a convex front face 5, the center of curvature of which is located on the longitudinal axis of the block. Face 5 can be made smooth, as well as with many vertical ribs, with horizontal, vertical, diagonal grooves, with recesses located in a checkerboard pattern, or may have a textured surface that imitates stone material or crushed stone. The lateral faces 6 of the front part 2 are beveled towards the middle part 4 vi and have a broken outline in plan, forming an obtuse angle. A through cavity 7 is made in the front part, which is usually in the form of a trapezoid. Between the cavity 7 and the front face 5, a transverse rectangular groove 8 is formed on the lower face of the block, which is separated from the cavity 7 by a vertical bridge 9.

The middle 3 and the tail 4 parts have a common longitudinal cavity 10, which has a rectangular shape and is oriented by the cavity 7. The cavities 7 and 10 are separated from each other by a central bridge 11. On the bridge 11 there is a center of curvature 12 of the front face 5.

The tail portion 3 has two lateral protrusions 13. The rear face 14 has a convex shape. The center of its curvature coincides with the center of curvature 12 of the front face 5. The radii of curvature of faces 5 and 14 are equal to each other. The lateral faces 15 of the protrusions 13 are usually located in the same plane with the lateral faces of the front part and are beveled to the rear edge 14. The protrusions 13 are connected to the walls 16 of the middle part 4 and simplifies fixing or holding the block in soil, sand, gravel, etc. P.

The jumper 9 has grooves 17 so that water can escape from the cavity of the groove 8. At the base of the extreme grooves 17, through holes 18 are made, which are intended to receive the rods 19. The holes 18 are located symmetrically with respect to the longitudinal axis of the block. The rods 19 interconnect blocks of adjacent horizontal rows. To receive the lower ends of the rods 19, holes 20 are formed on the upper face 20. The holes 20 are usually arcuate in shape and are removed from the axis of the block and from its rear face 14 by a greater distance than the holes 18. The holes 20 can be through.

The retaining wall consists of rows of blocks 1. The number of rows is determined by height; that wall. The tail part 3 of each block with protrusions 13 is fixed in the ground 21. Additional fastening of the blocks is achieved by filling placed in the cavities 7 and 10.

The vertical rods 19 are strong metal pins or

0 reinforced plastic / for example, impregnated with fiberglass. The lower row rods 19 extend down into the ground. 22 and placed in holes 18. As shown in FIG. 10, the lower end of the rods 19 of an upright row enters the openings 20 of the blocks of the lower row. Arched holes 20 allow the block to be placed on the underlying block in the desired position. As shown in FIG. 9, 0 days — a face of 5 rows of blocks can be shifted.

Alternating rows of blocks are laced so that each block is attached to two blocks of an adjacent row.

5 The ability to move the rods 19 in the openings 20 allows the blocks to be arranged in rows in a linear and curved shape. In the vertical plane, rows of blocks may be offset to form a stepped wall.

As shown in FIG. 11, the blocks 1 form a convex-concave wall in plan. Adjacent lateral faces b and 15 of the front and tail parts are installed with mutual

5 touch.

A modification of the block is shown in FIG. 12-17. This block is similar in profile and shape to the main block 1. The protrusions 13 of the rear part form anchor surfaces that interact with compacted granular backfill, for example, coarse sand, gravel 1 / 4-3 / 4 inches in size, etc.

Preferably the wall is located on

5 layer of compacted granular material. Reinforcing stitches, for example stitches for ground anchors, can be used at high heights of the retaining wall. Backfill is placed behind the wall.

0 for each row of blocks, all voids in the blocks are filled with granular backfill, for example, draining granular aggregate-or gravel cleaned from sand.

5 in FIG. Figures 18-21 show an additional block 23 used at an end portion of a wall adjacent to a vertical wall of an existing structure. The additional block is made with a convex front face 24, a pattern that corresponds to the pattern of the remaining blocks of the wall. The rear face 25 is conjugated with a straight lateral side 26 and a broken side face 27. Face 27 corresponds in shape and size to the side face b of block 1. On the upper face of block 23, a through cavity 28 and hole 30 are made. The additional blocks are made both right and and left, Left blocks are symmetrical to right blocks.

In FIG. 22-28 depict wall modifications. It consists of rows of blocks 31 and 32. Preferably, the wall is located on a layer of compacted granular backfill or on another hard layer 33, FIG. 22 shows a wall of four rows of blocks. The wall can be made rectilinear, convex-concave, concave or round. The upper row is made of blocks 31. Blocks 31 and 32 represent solid elements of high strength concrete. Blocks can also be made of plastic, ceramic, wood, metal.

As shown in FIG. 23, 24, the block 31 is usually trapezoidal with beveled, lateral faces 34 and with a plbcoctyl face35. The upper face of the block is solid, and the front face 36 is convex in the form of a cylinder segment, the axis of which is located on the longitudinal axis of the block. The radius of curvature of the front face exceeds the maximum width of the block. The profile of the front face 36 can be made in the form of a plurality of vertical edges, in the form of ungrounded concrete, and also have a smooth, or furrowed (with V-shaped or rectangular grooves) surface. As shown in FIG. 24, the block 31 on the lower side is made with a transverse. Right angular groove 37 and a trapezoidal cavity 38, which are separated. from each other with a jumper 39. The holes 40 located at the bottom of the block 31 are adjacent to the Opposite ends of the jumper 39, receive rods 41 that secure the block 31 to the blocks 32, the grooves 42 in the lower part of the block 31 communicate a groove 37 with a cavity 38 allowing water to escape from groove 37. Holes 43 are formed in grooves 42 and are designed to receive rods 41 when an additional layer of blocks is laid on blocks 31. Blocks 32, as shown in FIG. 26 have a middle portion 44 integrally formed with a face portion 45 and a widened tail portion 46, which forms a fastening structure of the block. The front face 47 of the block is convex and profiled similarly to the front face 36 of the block 31. The side faces 48 of the front part 45 are beveled in plan. The front part has a transverse cavity 49, which is usually rectangular in shape. In the middle and tail portions there is a longitudinal rectangular cavity 50, which is separated from cavity 5 by a jumper 51. A transverse groove 52 is formed between the cavity 49 and the front face 47, which is separated from the cavity 49 by a jumper 53. The tail portion 46 has two lateral protrusions 54 usually triangular

0 shapes and a convex rear face 55. The protrusions 54 form anchor surfaces that interact with a compacted granular backfill 56 surrounding the block. The grooves 57 in the protrusions 54 are local weakening by which the protrusions 54 can be shortened and the blocks angled to each other, as shown in Fig. 11. Additional anchoring of the block 32 is achieved

0 by placing backfill 56 in cavities 49 and 50.

On the lower edge of block 32, there are two holes 57 into which the rods 58 enter, for interconnecting horizontal rows of blocks of the bridge 53, there are two grooves 59 which communicate with each other a cavity 49 with a groove 52 for draining water from the groove. As shown in FIG. 27, vertical rods 58 are located in holes 60,

0 passing through blocks. The upper ends of the rods 58 protrude from the blocks and enter the holes 57 located on the lower face of the blocks of the overlying row. Each block in a row of rods 58 is attached to

5 to two blocks of adjacent rows.

As shown in FIG. 27 and 28, reinforcing screed is used to further secure the wall blocks in the backfill 56

0 61 in the form of a geometric lattice. Typically, stitch 61 is a flat sheet of flexible high-strength plastic or other material such as metal, wood, hard rubber. Stitch 61 has

5 oblong holes 62 through which the upper ends of the rods 58 located above the upper face of the blocks are passed. The rods 58 secure a tie 61 between adjacent rows of blocks. Front

0, the edge 63 of the stitch 61 is located behind the front face of the blocks so as not to spoil. the appearance of the wall. Stitch 61 is wound up, backfilled and: promotes blocking of the blocks / Number and position of stitches in

5 to the wall is adopted depending on the condition of the ground and the type of work. The use of the described blocks makes it possible to simplify the erection of a retaining wall of various shapes — outlines in plan and stepped in cross section.

Claims (3)

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 1. A retaining wall, comprising blocks stacked on top of each other in horizontal rows and joined in height by vertical rods, each of which is made with widened front and tail and narrowed middle parts, and its upper and lower horizontal faces are made with symmetrical relative to the longitudinal axis of the holes for the establishment of the lower and upper ends of the rods, with the fact that, in order to simplify the process of erecting a retaining wall of various shapes in plan and step shape in cross cross section, openings for lowering 0 5 the ends of the rods are curved in plan view and are separated from the longitudinal axis of the block and its rear edge by a greater distance than the holes for inserting the upper ends) of the rods, and the side faces of the front and tail parts of the block are beveled towards the rear side, and the tail part of the block made smaller than the face. 2. A wall according to claim 1, characterized in that the tail part of the blocks is made with weakened zones. 3. The wall according to paragraphs. 1 and 2, characterized in that the blocks are made with vertical two through and one blind cavities. fig g Fig. / S X W T 8 86081 Wed # P.23 wgw 8I 8608I And u