RU1805851C - Solution for protection of plants from root knot nematodes - Google Patents

Abstract

Usage: agriculture, plant protection from gall nematodes. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: Before planting, the seeds of plants are treated with a solution of oligofurostanosides obtained from the Dioscorea deltoid, which reduces the root system contamination by the gall nematode by 50-60%, and the nematode fecundity by 5 times. 2 ill., 1 tab.

Description

The invention relates to agriculture and is intended to protect plants from gall nematodes.

Gall nematodes or meloidogins (genus Meloidogine is one of the most pathogenic groups of phytoparasitic nematodes. The yield losses of the main greenhouse crops (tomatoes, cucumbers) from gall nematodes reach 30-50% or more. In some cases, the yield in greenhouses does not exceed 3-6 kg / m, since the use of protective chemicals in protected ground is prohibited.

The aim of the invention is to reduce the degree of infection of vegetables with gall nematodes, increase plant growth and simplify the method of use.

This is achieved by the fact that as a means of protecting vegetables from gall nematodes, I use steroid

glycosides of plant origin, for which fungicidal and antibacterial activity is indicated. These compounds also showed immunomodulatory activity.

. Steroid glycosides from plants and suspension culture of Dioscorea cells. The deltoid ones are oligofurstanosides that produce diosgenin during acid hydrolysis. In the experiments, we used a preparation obtained from a suspension culture of Dioscorea cells of the deltoid strain IGF DM-0.5, consisting of a mixture of protodioscin and deltoside in a ratio of 6: 4. The proposed drug is obtained in a known manner. Earlier preparations of a similar structure; obtained from other species of Dioscore, were used in medicine as hypocholesteronemic

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drugs called Diosponin and Polisponin. The use of oligofurostanosides to protect plants from gall nematodes is new and unexpected,

The specified preparation treats the seeds of plants before planting them in the soil. The use of oligofur ostozosides as a means of combating the gall nematode has the following advantages; seedlings grow from seeds that have not been treated with the indicated agent, in which, after planting in the ground, a massive lesion of the root system is observed, and the females that have penetrated the root lay a large number of eggs (250 per female). After treatment with whole oligofurostanosides in the root system of the experimental plants, less galls were found (by 50-60%), while the viability of female nematodes markedly decreased, which manifests itself in a decrease in the number of laid eggs (5 times compared to the control). The preparation used is not phytotoxic, it stimulates plant growth: seedlings at the age of 30 days exceeded the control seedlings by 1.5-1.6 times in growth. When using arachidonic acid, no growth stimulations were observed. Unlike arachidonic acid, the oligofurostanoside preparation dissolves well in water and is used in high concentrations, which greatly simplifies its use under production conditions.

The results of processing tomato seeds with various concentrations of oligofurostanoside preparation from the Dioscorea deltoid cell culture are presented in the table.

Fig. 1 shows tomato plants 20 days after seed treatment with an oligofurostanoside preparation (K - control), Fig. 2 shows the same 30 days later.

Example. The seeds of the Carlson tomato heterosis hybrid of TLCA selection were soaked for 2 hours in a solution of oligofurostanoside preparation at a concentration of 1500 μg / ml at the rate of 2 ml of solution per 100 seeds. Then the seeds were planted in pottery

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fifteen

twenty

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fifty

pots containing 400 cm3 of soil. The plants were grown under greenhouse conditions at an air temperature of 24-26 ° C. Seedlings at the age of 30 days were infected with eggs and larvae of the gall nematode Melodogyne incognita. Invasion comprised 3,000 larvae and eggs per plant. On the 30th day after infection, the plants were infected according to the existing guidelines, the roots were analyzed for the presence of female nematodes, and the number of eggs in the egg bags of the females was counted. Repeatability of each variant is tenfold. Seed germination and plant height every 10 days during the growing season (the first time before infection of plants) were also taken into account. Application: the drug led to accelerated seed germination by 2-3 days, stimulated plant growth: 30-day seedlings grown from treated seeds exceeded the control 1.5-1.6 times (Fig, 2), and the difference in plant growth was preserved until the end of the growing season. In the root-treated plants, the system is affected by galls by no more than 10-20% (in the prototype, 50%), while the number of eggs per female is reduced by 5 times (280 in the control, 54 in the experiment). At a concentration lower than the specified level, the degree of plant protection is not necessary, and at a greater weakening of the plants.

Thus, the treatment of plant seeds before planting with oligofurstanoside solutions can reduce the infection of the root system by the gall nematode by 50-60%, and the fertility of nematodes by 5 times, which in greenhouse conditions (in protected ground, where the gall nematode passes up to 7 generations during the growing season) is essential. For the treatment of the seeds necessary for sowing an area of 1 ha, 1 l of the preparation solution is required.

Claims (1)

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Use of olifurostanosides from Dioscorea deltoidea Wall as a plant protection agent against gall nematodes. Note: x - reliable penetration in relation to control, P 0.01 .Uu. -L   - fi $ .2