RU180185U1 - Laser optical head - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of processing materials by a laser beam, namely to the processes of laser welding, cutting, drilling holes. When the technological regime is fulfilled - laser cutting or drilling holes, the technological active gas, for example oxygen, is supplied to the upper fitting (22), and when moving using the handle (6), the internal movable housing (4) with the internal nozzle (5) moves down (Fig. 1) by reducing the spot size of the laser beam to the optimal parameters necessary for performing metal cutting or drilling holes. When the technological mode is performed - laser welding, the technological shielding gas, for example nitrogen, argon or helium, is supplied to the lower nozzle (13), and when moving using the handle (6), the internal movable housing (4) with the internal nozzle (5) moves up (Fig. . 2), increasing the spot size of the laser beam to the optimal parameters necessary for the welding of metals. 2 s.p. f-ly; 6 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of processing materials by a laser beam, namely to the processes of laser welding, cutting, drilling holes.

Known optical head for laser cutting of sheet metal (patent RU No. 151792, IPC B23K 26/38, published on 04/20/2015), in which the node for moving the focusing system along the optical axis relative to the telescopic system is made in the form of two differently connected cylindrical threaded connections diameter with the possibility of moving relative to each other along the optical axis, while the focusing system is installed on the side of the free end of the cylinder of a smaller diameter, and the telescopic system is installed on the side the free end of the second cylinder of a larger diameter, and the node for simultaneous movement along the optical axis of the focusing and telescopic system is made in the form of a cylinder with a thread on the outer surface, while on the inner surface of the optical head housing there is a thread corresponding to the thread of the specified cylinder, and the cylinder is rigidly fixed on the outside of the cylinder with the focusing system of the node for moving the focusing system along the optical axis relative to the telescopic system.

Known optical head for laser processing (patent RU No. 34427, IPC B23K 26/00, B23K 26/02, B23K 26/03, published 10.12.2003). An optical head for laser processing comprises devices for outputting laser radiation from an optical fiber, a rotary interference mirror, a telescopic system consisting of a negative component and a positive component, a focusing system, a visual observation system including a video camera optically coupled by a rotary interference mirror with a focusing system, and a monitor . To control the radiation between the output device of the laser radiation and the focusing system, moreover, one of the optical elements of the telescopic system (for example, an optical element) is mounted with the possibility of movement along its optical axis. A radiation output device, a rotary interference mirror, a telescopic system, a focusing system, a visual observation system are located in a single housing.

Known optical laser head (patent RU No. 2578885, IPC B23K 26/14, published 03/27/2016), the closest in technical essence and adopted as a prototype, containing external and internal gas nozzles with channels for supplying active and protective gases, installed concentrically and with a gap, a focusing lens placed in the inner nozzle, and through holes made on the side surface of the inner nozzle. The inner nozzle is made like a Laval nozzle, and the focusing lens is placed in the inner nozzle so that it can be guided by its cylindrical surface along the cylindrical surface of the inner nozzle and can be moved along the axis, while the channel for supplying active gas to the inner nozzle is located between the focusing lens and the Laval nozzle, and through holes in the inner nozzle are located above the lens. The optical laser head is equipped with latches with the possibility of restricting the movement of the focusing lens along the axis located below the through holes and above the lower channel for supplying the process gas.

However, the known device does not provide sufficient accuracy of the processing of materials due to the piston movement of the nozzle, the change of specialized optical heads to perform various technological operations (cutting, welding, drilling holes). This leads to loss of time, low accuracy and downtime of the equipment during its setup.

The technical problem to be solved by the claimed utility model is the creation of a laser head for use in welding, cutting, and also for drilling holes, which is easy to control operating modes.

The technical result, the achievement of which is proposed by the proposed utility model, is to simplify the mechanism of regulation of operating modes, reducing energy consumption.

The technical result is achieved in that in a laser optical head comprising an outer fixed housing with an outer fixed nozzle, an inner movable housing with an inner nozzle and a focusing lens fixed in the inner nozzle, it is new that it is provided with spacer rings mounted on the outer fixed housing on its inner side with the formation of a gap between the inner movable and outer stationary bodies, a membrane that separates the cavity of the outer stationary nozzle on the upper the cavity in communication with the source of active gas and the lower cavity in communication with the source of protective gas, a restrictive bracket mounted on the inner movable housing, and a removable cylindrical nozzle mounted on the outlet of the inner nozzle, while the inner movable housing with the inner nozzle is made with the possibility of movement up and down by means of a handle mounted in the hole of the inner movable housing through a vertical groove made in the outer stationary housing and corresponding to the stroke in internal movable housing.

The removable cylindrical nozzle is made with a tapering initial section.

The removable cylindrical nozzle is made with a narrowing-expanding channel.

The figure 1 shows a longitudinal section of a laser optical head in the cutting and drilling mode.

In FIG. 2 shows a longitudinal section of a laser optical head in welding mode.

In FIG. 3 is a bottom view B of FIG. one.

In FIG. 4 shows a 4-fold increase in attachment of the nozzle. FIG. 3

In FIG. 5 is a view A of FIG. 2.

In FIG. 6 shows a section GG of FIG. one.

The laser optical head contains an external fixed body 1, which is equipped with a cover 2 (Fig. 1 and Fig. 2) and a protective glass 3. Inside the external fixed body 1 there is an internal movable body 4 with an attached internal nozzle 5, which moves: in welding mode ( Fig. 2) up, in the cutting and drilling mode of the holes down using the handle 6 attached to the inner movable housing 3 (Fig. 3). The gap between the inner movable 3 and the outer fixed 1 bodies is divided by a rigidly fixed dividing ring 7, bolted to the outer stationary body 1. The outer fixed nozzle 8 is divided by a membrane 9 into an upper cavity 10 (Fig. 1), connected to a source of active gas - oxygen, and a lower cavity 11 (Fig. 2), connected to a source of protective gas - nitrogen, argon or helium. On the membrane 9 there are lip seals 12 for sealing. In the welding mode (Fig. 2), shielding gas is supplied through the lower nozzle 13 to the lower cavity 11. Together with the laser radiation 14, the shielding gas is supplied to the weld pool, where a weld seam 15 is formed (Fig. 2). In welding mode, the inner movable housing 4 with the inner nozzle 5 when moving upward, the membrane 9 is straightened, while the restriction bracket 16 of the inner movable housing 4 touches the restriction ring 17 with a glued gasket 18 (Fig. 1). A capacitive sensor 19 is attached to the outer fixed nozzle 8, which is inserted into the bracket 20 to control the gap. In the inner nozzle 5, a removable cylindrical nozzle 21 is attached (Fig. 1, 2), which for cutting, welding, drilling of metal holes up to 20 mm thick has a narrow diameter of 0.5 ± 0.02 mm narrowing channel with a narrowing angle of 60 °. For the regime of cutting metals up to 40 mm thick, a removable cylindrical nozzle 21 is used (Fig. 1), which has a diameter in a narrow section of 0.2 ± 0.02 mm by a narrowing-expanding channel with a narrowing and expanding angle of 60 ° and 30 °, respectively, serving to increase the speed of the jet. This feature when cutting at subsonic speed will simultaneously clear the place of metal processing from slag and improve the quality of processing. In modes of cutting and drilling holes (Fig. 1), the movement of the inner movable housing 4 with the inner nozzle 5 is carried out down to the moment of touching the limit bracket 16 with the dividing ring 7, which simultaneously serves as a support. When cutting and drilling holes, the active gas - oxygen is fed through the upper fitting 22 into the upper cavity 10, where the built-in cuffs 23 create a seal. Oxygen passes through the through holes on the inner nozzle 5 and together with the laser radiation 14 through the optical lens 24 is supplied to the zone of the laser cut 25 (Fig. 1), while the membrane 9 is bent down. The figure 3 presents a bottom view B (Fig 1), which shows the mounting of the handle 6 in the hole of the inner movable housing 4 through the bracket. The figure 4 presents a 4-fold increase in the attachment of the removable cylindrical nozzle B (Fig. 3), which shows the key hole 26 for inserting the removable cylindrical nozzle 21. Figure 5 presents a view A (Fig. 2), where the groove 27 of the handle 6 is shown where the groove is equal to the stroke of the inner movable housing. The figure 6 presents a section GG (Fig. 1), which shows a section BB (Fig. 1), which shows a rigidly fixed dividing ring 7, which divides the gap between the outer fixed body 1 and the inner movable body 4.

Laser optical head operates as follows.

A removable cylindrical nozzle 21 is installed when cutting, welding and drilling metal holes up to 20 mm, which must be replaced with another removable nozzle for cutting metals up to 40 mm in order to increase the jet speed when cutting at a subsonic speed, which will simultaneously clear the place of processing materials from slag and to improve the quality of processing. Having diverted the head to a free place from the metal being processed, the operator makes a change of the removable nozzle with a special tool. The removable cylindrical nozzle 21 is fixed on the side of the inner nozzle 5.

Complete with laser technological complexes, providing the basic technological indicators at the level: surface roughness of the cut on titanium alloys not higher than 12 ... 16 microns, on stainless and high alloy steels not higher than 10 ... 15 microns with a cut width of 0.1 ... 0.25 mm, the depth of the heat affected zone is not more than 0.2 mm.

In the mode of welding metals up to 20 mm, the protective gas — nitrogen, argon or helium — is supplied to the upper fitting 22 of the outer fixed nozzle 8 into the lower cavity 11 of the outer fixed nozzle 8, from where the gas enters the welding zone. At the same time, through the upper fitting 22 of the outer fixed nozzle 8, the protective gas enters the welding seam 15.

In the mode of laser cutting of metals up to 20 mm, then when cutting through the upper nozzle 22, active gas (oxygen) is supplied to the external stationary nozzle 8. Oxygen coaxially passes to the laser beam 14 into the metal cutting zone 25. At the same time, under the influence of excess pressure in the upper cavity 10 of the external the fixed nozzle 8, the membrane 9, attached by the seals 12 (Fig. 1, 2) to the inner surface of the fixed outer nozzle 8 and the outer surface of the inner nozzle 5, begins to bend downward, causing the inner to move down (deep) 5 with fixed focusing lens 24 due to the stretching of the membrane 9. The movement of the inner movable housing 4 with the nozzle 5 down occurs until the restrictive bracket 16 touches the dividing ring 7, which acts as a stop.

In the mode of laser cutting of metals with a thickness of up to 40 mm, the removable cylindrical nozzle 21, having a narrow diameter of 0.5 ± 0.02 mm in the narrowing channel with a narrowing angle of 60 °, is reinstalled onto the removable nozzle, which is structurally made narrowed to the bottom by the channel profile cut, but which has a diameter in a narrow section of 0.2 ± 0.02 mm with an angle of narrowing and expansion of 60 ° and 30 °, respectively, which serves to increase the speed, which will allow to obtain supersonic speeds at the exit. Blowing supersonic jets into the cutting zone will allow high-efficiency removal of the formed metal melt from the narrow laser cut (b = 0.3-0.6 mm), which will allow cutting large metals up to 40 mm with a high cutting speed, which will lead to overall to improve the performance of the laser cutting mode.

In the mode of drilling metal holes up to 20 mm, the process occurs similarly to the mode of cutting metals up to 20 mm, but additionally, a large laser radiation power is required.

A laser optical head complete with laser technological complexes will ensure the basic technological parameters for cutting and drilling holes at the optimum level: the surface roughness of the cut on titanium alloys is not higher than 12 ... 15 microns, on stainless and high alloy steels not higher than 10 ... 13 microns with a cut width 0.1 ... 0.2 mm, the depth of the heat affected zone is not more than 0.15 mm.

For welding, a universal laser optical head will ensure the basic technological parameters at the optimum level: the width of the weld will be from 0.3 mm to 5 mm on metals with a thickness of 1 mm to 20 mm, the heat-affected zone is from 0.015 mm to 0.3 mm.

The laser optical head will allow for precision welding, cutting and drilling of holes up to 20 mm and up to 40 mm with high productivity provided by changing modes during processing. Process gases (active or protective) are supplied to the cutting, welding, hole drilling zone alternately, depending on the required operation. This installation will allow you to conduct the following modes: cutting, welding and drilling holes.

Thus, the proposed laser optical head provides simple and reliable control of the welding and cutting modes through the use of manual control to move the inner movable housing 4 with the inner nozzle 5, which allows three modes to be performed on one laser head.

Claims (3)

1. A laser optical head comprising an outer fixed housing with an outer fixed nozzle, an inner movable housing with an inner nozzle, and a focusing lens mounted in the inner nozzle, characterized in that it is provided with spacer rings mounted on the outer fixed housing from its inner side to form the gap between the inner movable and outer stationary bodies, a membrane dividing the cavity of the outer stationary nozzle into the upper cavity in communication with the source of active aza, and the lower cavity in communication with the shielding gas source, a restrictive bracket mounted on the inner movable housing, and a removable cylindrical nozzle mounted on the outlet of the inner nozzle, while the inner movable housing with the inner nozzle is arranged to move up and down by means of a handle, installed in the hole of the inner movable housing through a vertical groove made in the outer stationary housing and corresponding to the course of the inner movable housing. 2. The laser optical head according to claim 1, characterized in that the removable cylindrical nozzle is made with a tapering initial section. 3. The laser optical head according to claim 1, characterized in that the removable cylindrical nozzle is made with a narrowing-expanding channel.

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