RU1801158C - Hydraulic gate - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to hydraulic engineering, and more particularly, to the design of a hydraulic closure of culverts of water-bearing dams. The aim of the invention is to increase reliability and simplify the design. The shutter has a casing made in the form of a pontoon attached to the pressure wall of the water supply structure by means of hinged beams; a closing shield can be attached to the pontoon. The proposed shutter can be installed as an automatic closure of the culverts of water-bearing dams (for various purposes), and the proposed design can also be used in plumbing and sewer systems. other hydraulic systems and devices. 3 C.p. f-ls, 5 ill.

Description

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The invention relates to hydraulic engineering, and more particularly to the design of gates of deep and surface culverts of water-retaining structures (dams, dams).

In order to simplify the design and increase the reliability of acting as an automatic shutter of culverts at water levels in the upper pool corresponding to or exceeding the limit, the proposed shutter design is made in the form of a pontoon floating on the surface of the water, having a minimum freeboard and attached to the wall culvert through hinged beams. The flat face of the pontoon facing the culvert acts as an element blocking the water flow.

The hinge beams are attached one on each of the side faces of the pontoon. The opposite ends of the hinged beams are attached to the wall of the culvert. The hinged fastenings of the beams to the pontoon and the wall of the culvert are rotatable relative to the horizontal axes. The position of the hinges on the pontoon corresponds to the level of the center of the underwater volume of the pontoon (center of magnitude - in terms of the theory of the ship), which should be higher than the center of gravity of the pontoon-shutter. For this purpose, constant ballast is placed at the bottom of the pontoon. The initial position of the hinged beams between the points of attachment to the pontoon and the wall of the culvert corresponds to their inclination downward or 100

about

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top with respect to the vertical axis of the pontoon.

The length and position of the hinged beams provide the position of the pontoon on the surface of the water at its primary (initial) level with a gap relative to the wall of the culvert. When the water level changes, the pontoon floating on its surface moves along a trajectory - an arc of a circle in the direction of the wall of the culvert. The maximum water level in the upper pool corresponds to the position of the pontoon, pressed with its flat gate face to the seal of the culvert. The tightness of the closure is achieved by compressing the seal with force due to the difference in hydrostatic pressure between the upstream and downstream pools. . .

The water level in the upstream may rise above the limit (to a critical level determined by the height of the water-supporting dam). In this case, the pontoon closure (with hinged beams having an initial downward slope) is completely immersed in water. The positive buoyancy of the pontoon in this case is balanced by the forces arising in the fastenings of the hinge beams as a result of their mooring effect.

A floating valve operating under conditions of lowering the initial level of water in the upper pool (the initial inclination of the hinge beams relative to the pontoon is downward), after closing the culvert, may partially come out of the water. In this case, the efforts in the hinged beams balance the mass of the part of the pontoon emerging from the hearth.

When lowering (or increasing). The water in the upper pool after the limit level, the pontoon departs from the sealing device and reopens the water flow. In the process of moving the pontoon to and from the dam, the hinge beams make reciprocating movements relative to their hinge fasteners on the wall of the culvert.

The above goal is also achieved by using a special shield as a shutter. The shield is attached to a floating pontoon with which it moves when the water level changes. At the maximum level, the shield blocks the water flow. With such a shield, the functionality of the proposed hydraulic shutter is expanded. Without linking the dimensions of the pontoon itself with the size and position of the culvert, the shutter-shield, attach-. len from below or from above to the pontoon, allows to block bottom deep and drain-surface culverts

holes.

The combination of features of the invention achieves the object of the invention. In fact, the design of a floating hydraulic shutter made in

in the form of a pontoon or pontoon with an attached closing shield and a culvert attached to the vertical wall. hinged beams in such a way that when the water level changes

5, the pontoon maintains its vertical position, moves to the culvert and closes it at extreme water levels.

The action of the shutter is carried out automatically; it is caused only by a change in the water level in the upper, downstream side of the water support structure.

Thus, the invention meets the criterion of a positive effect.

5, Fig. 1 shows a floating hydraulic shutter (side projection) acting when the initial water level rises; figure 2 shows the hydraulic shutter (surface), acting to lower the initial water level; Figs. 3 and 4 show hydraulic shutters with a closing shield mounted on the bottom of the pontoon, and acting when the water level rises and falls, respectively;

5, FIG. 5 shows a hydraulic shutter with a closing shield mounted on a deck. be (roof) of the pontoon, covering the surface (drain) culvert hole when rising water. In the figures

0 the following notation is accepted: 1 - floating pontoon; 2 - articulated beam; 3 - pontoon articulation of the beam; 4 - articulating the beam to the wall of the culvert; 5 - water passage; 6 - wall of the culvert; 7 - initial water level; 8, 9. 10 - variable water levels; 11 - shield-closure. The solid line shows the initial position of the shutter; the culvert is open. The dashed lines show the operating position of the shutter; This is closed.

The dynamics of the working action of the floating

5 of the hydraulic shutter of the proposed design, begins with a change in the initial water level in the upstream. For the shutter in figure 1, for example, when raising the initial level of water 7 on the pontoon act (additional) Archimedean force and

reactions of the hinged beams 2, since the strong hinged beams, the hinge supports 3, correspond to the center of the underwater Volume (center of magnitude) and are located above the center of gravity of the shutter (if necessary, a ballast is adopted on the bottom of the pontoon), the pontoon under the influence of the indicated forces without roll begins to move along the trajectory, which is an arc of circumference with a radius equal to the length of the hinge beam 2. At the maximum water level of 8, the pontoon occupies a working position (dashed lines) and is pressed against the sealing by its locking face stroystvu, blocking the culvert opening. A further increase in the water level will create overpressure on the pontoon, contributing to the closure sealing. Due to the minimum freeboard: and therefore the minimum margin of buoyancy, the pontoon can be fully submerged in water at an elevated level to a critical level of 10. In this case, the Archimedean force, equal to the margin of buoyancy, will be completely balanced by the tensile forces of the hinged beams and the reaction of the sealing device, npii lowering the water in the upstream: 10, 9.8.7, the dynamics of the action of the hydraulic shutter will be inverse to that described above.

The dynamics of the valves closing the culverts when lowering the water level in the upper pool, and taiga using the closing shield (see Figs. 2-5), is similar to that presented above.

The technical advantages of the proposed floating hydraulic shutter design in comparison with existing designs and the prototype shutter are determined by its acquired new qualities. This is a simpler and more reliable design, automatically blocking the culverts when reaching the permissible

water level in the upper pool of the water support structure. The design of the proposed shutter is universal. The shutter can be used to close the deep and surface culverts,

with increasing or decreasing water levels in the upper pool. The use of a closing shield expands the range of application of the shutter under conditions of significant possible fluctuations in water levels, positions

culverts. openings, their shapes and sizes.

Claims (4)

1. A hydraulic shutter comprising a housing made in the form of a pontoon connected to a water supply structure by means of hinged beams, characterized in that. in order to increase reliability and simplify the design when installing a structure with a vertical discharge face on the inlet head of the water conduit, one of the hinges of each hinged beam is located on the side face of the body at the center of the volume of the underwater part, and the second on the pressure side of the structure. 2. The shutter according to claim 1, with the exception that the hinges of the pressure face are located above the hinges of the housing. 3. The shutter according to claim 1, b l and h and ya and with that. that the hinges of the pressure face are located below the hinges of the housing. 4. The shutter according to claims 1 to 3, with regard to the fact that the ohm is equipped with a locking shield, attached to the housing from the inlet side of the conduit.