RU179554U1 - RECEIVING ANTENNA WITH PARAMETRIC RADIATION MODE - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to hydroacoustic antenna devices that are stationary located in the water volume of the water area and allow the locator operator of the multi-position underwater observation system to conduct omnidirectional quantized water volume examination with adjustable angular resolution and “frequency coloring” of radial viewing sectors in the azimuthal plane during the space survey. . The receiving-radiating antenna device with a parametric radiation mode contains a supporting structure in the form of a round straight cylinder, on the outer surface of which i = 1, 2, 3, ... m, ... electro-acoustic transducers are located, having the possibility of making acoustic contact with objects in i = 1, 2, 3, ... m, ... radial sectors of the survey of space, the receiving-emitting surfaces of which form a closed cylindrical surface - an aperture, in which the width and perimeter are determined by the overall the sizes of electro-acoustic transducers, both the angular width and the pressure non-uniformity of the main lobe of its resulting directivity in the plane perpendicular to the generatrix, is determined by the selected level value (0.9; 0.8; 0.7; 0.6; 0.5) of overlap neighboring main lobes of directional characteristics used for echo search of electro-acoustic transducers, acoustic axes of electro-acoustic transducers leave the geometric center of the cylinder supporting structure of a different shape, electro-acoustic transducers are arranged to alternately connect to the output of the generator, while further comprising a controllable multichannel switch configured to connect electro-acoustic transducers in a predetermined order to the output of the generator and to the input of the receiver, and the wave parameters D / λ of the electro-acoustic transducers are selected to correspond to the interval values (), where D is the diameter of the transducer, λ = c / ƒ is the wavelength of the acoustic signal with a frequency of ƒ, spread Wounding speed communication with water, P- amplitude sound pressure in Pascals at the surface emitting electroacoustic transducer. 2 s.p. f-ly, 6 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to hydroacoustic antenna devices for which the spectral composition of polyharmonic operating signals is determined by both the passband of the electroacoustic transducers from which it is assembled and the redistribution of powerful pumped signals emitted by them, i.e. nonlinear effects of self-interaction and interaction arising from the propagation of acoustic waves of finite amplitude in an aqueous medium.

The effectiveness of antenna devices used in sonar equipment for various purposes is determined by their property of some spatial selectivity (directivity), i.e. the ability to radiate (receive) sound waves in some directions to a greater extent than in others, moreover, this property is manifested both at certain wave sizes (D / λ) of the aperture and at a distance r> 2D ² / λ, where D is the maximum the size of the aperture (radiating / receiving surface) of the antenna, λ is the wavelength of the ultrasonic signals in the working frequency band. The directional properties of antennas are the main criterion for their applicability for determining the angular coordinates of underwater objects, for example, when obtaining information about the underwater situation around a fishing vessel. It should be noted that spatial selectivity is also determined by the design of the antenna device, the design of which allows to evaluate the capabilities of the locator by the angular resolution of underwater targets. For example, the technical implementation of a circular survey (step-by-step, sector-step and simultaneously circular) requires appropriate designs of multi-element receiving-emitting interference antennas with various shapes of a radiating surface - flat, cylindrical, spherical, etc.

Known (Hydroacoustics for 20 years / transl. From English. Edited by Yu.F. Tarasyuk. - L .: Sudostroenie, 1975. - p. 150, Timoshenko V.I. Calculation and design of parametric acoustic transducers. Part 1. - Taganrog, TRTI, 1978, pp. 17-24) a multi-element hydroacoustic interference antenna with a flat aperture, which receives and / or emits acoustic signals in an aqueous medium with the necessary spatial selectivity, containing electro-acoustic transducers distributed equidistantly distributed on a flat supporting structure, so that their surfaces form a working flat surface of the required size, communication lines connecting the converters to each other and through the input / output of electrical signals with radio engineering devices for generating and controlling directivity characteristics in the radiation and reception paths, screening elements, hydro-, electric- and noise insulation (Terminological Dictionary reference book on hydroacoustics / R.Kh. Balyan, E.V. Batanogov, A.V. Bogorodsky et al. - L.: Shipbuilding, 1989. - p. 50-51).

Depending on the technical characteristics, the aperture shape of flat antennas can be different: square, rectangular, rhombic and round, they have the simplest design, the highest axial concentration coefficient, the side lobes are minimal compared to the other two types of antennas, the minimum emitting surface and the smallest number electro-acoustic transducers. Using an interference multi-element hydroacoustic antenna with a flat aperture, it is possible to survey the water area by discrete (stepwise, one radiation-reception cycle — the examined “quantum” of the water space) displacement of one relatively narrow main lobe of the directivity in the azimuthal plane using electromechanical (or electronic) a reversal in a given sector, and the advantage of such a quantized survey is also the efficient use of energy in radiation.

The disadvantages of the all-round view using the interference multi-element hydroacoustic antenna with a flat aperture include the following:

- the review cycle of the "quantum" of the water space takes time t ₃ = 2⋅r _max / c, where r _max is the expected range of the locator, and s is the speed of sound in water (Prostakov A.P. Electronic key to the ocean: Hydroacoustic technology today. - L .: Shipbuilding, 1978, p. 10-13) .;

- the complete lack of information about the situation outside the solid angle irradiated at the moment by the main lobe of the directivity characteristics during the ongoing radiation-reception cycle, because before each next sending, the antenna turns in a new direction, which differs from the previous one by an angle Δ (the search step is the “quantum” of the survey of the water space, usually does not exceed 5 ° -10 °);

- a large total time T _OBS review of the sector Ω, increasing with increasing range, equal to T _OBZ = Ω⋅t ₃ / Δ, (Kudryavtsev V.I. Field sonar and fishing - M., Pishch. Prom., 1978, p. 27-58);

- the presence of significant unexplored areas of space, for example, when the search vessel moves at high speed (Orlov L.V., Shabrov A.A. Calculation and design of sonar fishing stations - M., Pishch. Prom., 1974, pp. 135-146 );

- the lack of the ability to simultaneously monitor several targets, with the possibility of adjusting the angular resolution, without the use of special signal processing tools (Kobyakov Yu.S., Kudryavtsev NN, Timoshenko V.I. Construction of sonar fishing equipment. - L. : Shipbuilding, 1986 - p. 50-60);

- when conducting multi-position underwater observation, for example, using several fishing vessels in a wide area, the detection of objects using the same type of "monofrequency" interference sonar antennas using the locators located on them is complicated by the presence of significant ultrasonic interference of mutual influence through the sonar channel. This can be eliminated by using non-linear effects for generating a wide frequency band of sounding signals (V.Yu. Voloshchenko .. V.I. Timoshenko, Parametric sonar near-field surveillance equipment (part 1) - Taganrog: Publishing House of TTI SFU, 2009. - 294 p.);

- it is not possible to select both the necessary angular resolution in the elevation and azimuthal planes, and the individual frequency of the ultrasonic signal in each radiation-reception cycle, i.e. different "frequency coloring" in the underwater space of each radial sector of the review.

As a result, a multi-element interference sonar antenna with a flat aperture, which provides information due to reflection and scattering of ultrasonic waves at the boundaries between different media, has limited operational capabilities for obtaining sonar images with varying degrees of detail when performing omnidirectionally quantized surveys of the water volume of the water area.

Signs that coincide with the claimed utility model: electro-acoustic transducers, electrical communication lines connecting the electro-acoustic transducers with each other and through the input / output of electrical signals with the inputs of the radiation and reception paths, supporting structure, shielding elements, hydro-, electro- and noise insulation.

Known interference multi-element antenna with a cylindrical shape of the receiving-radiating surface, which is more suitable for quick omnidirectional examination of the water volume of the water area (Orlov L.V., Shabrov A.A. Calculation and design of sonar fishing stations - M., Pishch. Prom., 1974, p. 69-100, Kudryavtsev V.I. Fishing hydroacoustic and fishing - M., Pishch. Prom., 1978, pp. 73-90, Prostakov A.L. Hydroacoustic and ship - L .: Shipbuilding, 1967, p. 35 ) providing reception and / or emission of acoustic signals in the aquatic environment as required spatial selectivity, containing electro-acoustic transducers distributed in sections, both vertically and horizontally along the surface of the supporting structure, communication lines connecting the transducers to each other and through the input / output of electrical signals with electronic devices for generating and controlling directional characteristics in radiation paths and reception, shielding elements, hydro, electrical and noise insulation.

The disadvantages of the known interference multi-element antenna with a cylindrical shape of the receiving-radiating surface, limiting its operational capabilities for obtaining information based on the reflection and scattering of ultrasonic waves at the boundaries between different media, in particular, when performing an omnidirectionally quantized survey of the water volume of the water area, include the following:

- in a circular survey of a space with radiation omnidirectional in the azimuthal plane (pulses of duration τ) and a fast scanning narrow main lobe of directivity θ _0.7pr (the scanning speed of the lobe is selected from the condition that one full revolution occurs over a period of time not exceeding the duration of a possible echo contact , approximately equal to τ), part of the energy of the echo signal coming from any direction will necessarily enter the receiving path, however, since the scanning takes place continuously NOSTA receiving τ _direct echo from this direction will be only a small fraction of the total time of the reflected signal the existence τ: τ = τ⋅θ _{straight 0,7pr} / 360 °, i.e. the duration of registration of an echo contact is determined by the interval of finding the object within the main lobe with a width of θ _0.7pr . Thus, this version of the round-robin review has inherent disadvantages - irrational energy consumption during radiation and the loss of most of the signal energy during reception, which worsens the signal-to-noise ratio at the input of the receiving path (see. Reference book on hydroacoustics. - Evtutov A.P. et al. - L .: Shipbuilding, 1982. - p. 11);

- the second version of the circular review - with directional scanning radiation and a static multi-lobe directivity when receiving devoid of the above disadvantage. The irradiation of the surrounding space is carried out sequentially, during each full revolution, by the main lobe of the directivity pattern, formed electronically, uniformly rotating in the azimuthal plane, which ensures the concentration of all the currently radiated energy within the main lobe, which coincides with the specific direction of the echo search for a certain time, called more efficient by sending duration τ _EFF . To receive echo signals, a multi-channel path with statically formed (using delay circuits or digital technology elements) petals of the directional characteristics of a sectioned cylindrical antenna that uniformly covers the entire viewing plane or only the desired sector is used. However, the presence of radio engineering devices (delay lines, phase shifters, etc.) complicates the paths of the locator and reduces its efficiency. due to the losses introduced by their electric circuits, and phase compensation leads to an increase in the side field level and, accordingly, to a decrease in the antenna concentration coefficient, for example, an interference multi-element antenna with a cylindrical shape of a receiving-emitting surface for the Eel sonar, consists of 432 elements, which are connected via switches with the same number of electronic ropes in the emitting and receiving paths, which allows you to change the angle of the beam in the elevation plane in the range from (+ 10 °) d o (-45 °). A shift in the elevation plane by an angle of up to 45 ° of the main maximum of the directivity characteristic causes it to expand by 40%, as well as an increase in the level of side radiation to (30-35)%, which ultimately reduces the signal-to-noise ratio (Kobyakov Yu.S., Kudryavtsev N.N., Timoshenko V.I. Construction of hydroacoustic fish-finding equipment.- L .: Shipbuilding, 1986. - 272 p.) .;

- decrease in the reliability of the operation of an interference multi-element antenna with a cylindrical shape of the receiving surface due to an increase in the number and technological inaccuracies in the installation of electro-acoustic transducers, the presence of additional nodes for electrical insulation, shielding, sealing, etc., as well as the complexity of the antenna design due to the use of a large number of cable entries ( Kudryavtsev V.I. Field sonar and fishing - M., Pishch. Prom., 1978, p. 73-90);

- the failure to maintain an interference multi-element antenna with a cylindrical shape of the receiving-radiating surface in case of failure of some of the electro-acoustic transducers (Orlov L.V., Shabrov A.A. Calculation and design of sonar fishing stations - M., Pishch. Prom., 1974, p. 69- one hundred);

- the operating frequency range of a multi-element interference antenna with a cylindrical shape of the receiving-emitting surface is limited by the passband of the resonant electro-acoustic transducers, thus, a change in resolution due to a change in the frequency of the working ultrasonic signal is not feasible, and there are “blind” in the elevation plane in the “up” and “down” directions »Viewing areas;

- the use of several active location devices equipped with the same type of interference multi-element antennas with a cylindrical shape of the receiving-emitting surface during echo search in the water area is complicated by interference of mutual influence;

- it is not possible to select both the necessary angular resolution in the elevation and azimuthal planes, and the individual frequency of the ultrasonic signal in each radiation-reception cycle, i.e. different "frequency coloring" in the underwater space of each radial sector of the review.

Summarizing the aforementioned, we can conclude that the interference multi-element antenna with a cylindrical shape of the receiving-emitting surface, which provides information due to reflection and scattering of ultrasonic waves at the boundaries between different media, has limited operational capabilities for obtaining sonar images with varying degrees of detail when omnidirectionally quantized survey of the water volume of the water area

Signs that coincide with the claimed object: electro-acoustic transducers, electric communication lines (wires) connecting both electro-acoustic transducers with each other, and through the inputs (outputs) of electrical signals with the inputs of the radiation and reception paths, supporting structure, shielding elements, hydro-, electro- and soundproofing.

It is known that a hydroacoustic antenna device for underwater observation (see Kudryavtsev V.I. Field hydroacoustics and fishing - M., Pishch. Prom., 1978, p. 148), which contains electroacoustic transducers that are equipped with shielding elements, is known , electrical and noise insulation, and the supporting structure of a cylindrical shape, on the outer surface of which electro-acoustic transducers are located equidistantly, forming a closed row of apertures (the row width is the diameter and the perimeter is the sum of the diameters converters stacked along its length). The acoustic axes of the transducers are located in the azimuthal plane, leaving the common phase and, accordingly, geometric center of the supporting structure.

The disadvantages of the hydroacoustic antenna device for underwater observation, limiting its operational capabilities for obtaining information based on the reflection and scattering of ultrasonic waves at the boundaries between different media, in particular, when performing an omnidirectionally quantized survey of the water volume of the water area, include the following:

- the use of the same electro-acoustic transducers for a directionally quantized circular view leads to mutual ultrasonic “blinding” due to the reception and recording of “monofrequency” sounding signals reflected by the interface (interference of mutual influence) while using several antenna devices during multi-position underwater observation, for example, over a wide area with the help of several fishing vessels;

- the design of the prototype does not allow you to adjust the angular resolution in the elevation and azimuthal planes when performing a circular view, which significantly reduces the operational capabilities when using antenna devices as part of a multi-position underwater observation system;

- solving the problem of the interference of the mutual influence of the antenna devices used in the water area at small distances from each other, possibly due to the expansion of the operating frequency range of the echo search and the functioning of each antenna device on its own, different from the other set of sounding signals, which requires the use of a large number different-resonance electro-acoustic transducers of various sizes and weights, which complicates the design of a hydro-acoustic antenna device, but this approach is in proto type not used;

- it is not possible to select both the necessary angular resolution in the elevation and azimuthal planes, and the individual frequency of the ultrasonic signal in each radiation-reception cycle, i.e. different "frequency coloring" in the underwater space of each radial sector of the review.

Thus, the general disadvantages of the prototype and the above analogues are limited operational capabilities, since the required angular resolution in the elevation and azimuthal planes and the individual frequency of the ultrasonic signal in each “radiation-reception” cycle is not ensured, i.e. different “frequency coloring” in the underwater space of each radial sector of the survey, which makes it difficult to obtain sonar images with varying degrees of detail when performing omnidirectionally quantized examination of the iodine volume of the water area.

Signs that coincide with the claimed object: electro-acoustic transducers that are equipped with shielding elements, hydro-, electro- and noise insulation, electro-acoustic transducers are equidistantly located on the outer surface of the cylindrical supporting structure, forming a closed row of apertures on it, moreover, the acoustic axes of the transducers leave common phase and, accordingly, geometric center of the supporting structure, electro-acoustic transducers can be connected to the paths as radiation and reception.

The objective of the claimed transceiver antenna device with a parametric radiation mode is to expand operational capabilities in an omnidirectionally quantized survey of the water volume of the water area, sonar images with varying degrees of detail.

The technical result of the invention is to expand the operational capabilities of a receiving-emitting antenna device with a parametric radiation mode due to the possibility of choosing the necessary angular resolution in elevation and azimuthal planes during underwater observation and the individual frequency of the ultrasonic signal in each radiation-reception cycle, which provides different "Frequency coloring" of each individual direction of echo search and provides information on detected objects in a wide band of operating frequencies.

The technical result is achieved by that, in a receiving-emitting antenna device with a parametric radiation mode, containing the supporting structure in the form of a round straight cylinder, on the outer surface of which i = 1, 2, 3, ... m, ... identical electroacoustic transducers are located, which can be implemented through water environment of acoustic contact with objects in i = 1, 2, 3, ... m, ... radial sectors of the space survey, electro-acoustic transducers are equipped with shielding elements, hydro-, electro- and noise zolyatsii; the receiving-emitting surfaces of electro-acoustic transducers form a closed cylindrical surface - an aperture, in which the width and perimeter is determined by the overall dimensions of the electro-acoustic transducers, and the angular width and unevenness in pressure of the main lobe of its resulting directivity in the plane perpendicular to the generatrix is determined by the selected level value (0.9 ; 0.8; 0.7; 0.6; 0.5) overlapping adjacent main lobes of the directivity characteristics used for I echo search for electro-acoustic transducers; acoustic axes of electro-acoustic transducers leave the geometric center of the cylindrical supporting structure; electro-acoustic transducers can alternately connect to the output of the generator (input of the receiver), a controllable multi-channel switch is additionally introduced, configured to connect electro-acoustic transducers in the specified order with the output of the generator and with the input of the receiver.

), где D - диаметр преобразователя, λ=с₀/ƒ - длина волны акустического сигнала накачки с частотой ƒ, распространяющегося со скоростью с₀ в воде, Р₀ - амплитуда звукового давления в Паскалях у поверхности излучающего электроакустического преобразователя, что обусловит проявление нелинейности упругих свойств водной среды распространения и соответственно позволяет расширить спектральный состав излучения предлагаемого устройства за счет нелинейных эффектов (самовоздействие, взаимодействие), возникающих в водной среде при распространении акустических волн конечной амплитуды.In a receiving-emitting antenna device with a parametric radiation mode, it is advisable to set the wave sizes D / λ of the electro-acoustic transducers in accordance with the interval of values (

), where D is the diameter of the transducer, λ = с ₀ / ƒ is the wavelength of the acoustic pump signal with a frequency ƒ propagating with velocity c ₀ in water, P ₀ is the amplitude of sound pressure in Pascals at the surface of the emitting electro-acoustic transducer, which will cause non-linearity elastic properties of the aqueous propagation medium and, accordingly, allows to expand the spectral composition of the radiation of the proposed device due to nonlinear effects (self-action, interaction) arising in the aqueous medium during propagation kusticheskih waves of finite amplitude.

(Руденко О.В., Солуян С.И. Теоретические основы нелинейной акустики. - М.: Наука, 1975. - 287 с.) или параметра Заболотского N₃=8/N (см. Бахвалов Н.С., Жилейкин Н.М., Заболотская Е.А. Нелинейная теория звуковых пучков. - М.: Наука, 1982. - 176 с.), числа Рейнольдса

(см. Новиков Б.К., Руденко О.В., Тимошенко В.И. Нелинейная гидроакустика. - Л.: Судостроение, 1981. - 264 с.) или параметр

для конкретной параметрической (нелинейной) антенны с использованием соотношений:The analogs and prototype described above, and the proposed device serve one purpose - the formation and reception of wave processes in the aquatic environment, as a means of transmitting and receiving information, and the development of various practical applications in hydroacoustics has led to a significant increase in the power of emitted waves. Under these conditions, the role of the hydroacoustic channel as a sound-conducting aqueous medium begins to change - from “linear” acoustics (analogues and prototype), in which the change in water density still linearly depends on the change in sound pressure of the propagating wave process, which determines the fulfillment of the superposition principle, to “non-linear »Acoustics (the proposed device), where the nonlinearity of its elastic properties begins to manifest itself, causing both self-action and the interaction of the propagating waves with a finite amplitude leading to the generation of new spectral components of the Raman frequencies. In nonlinear acoustics, it is customary to evaluate the relative influence of dissipative, diffraction, and nonlinear effects on the initial waves of the pump field based on calculations of dimensionless quantities: the Khokhlov parameter

(Rudenko O.V., Soluyan S.I. Theoretical foundations of nonlinear acoustics. - M .: Nauka, 1975. - 287 p.) Or the Zabolotsky parameter N ₃ = 8 / N (see Bakhvalov N.S., Zhileikin N. .M., Zabolotskaya EA Nonlinear theory of sound beams. - M .: Nauka, 1982. - 176 p.), Reynolds numbers

(see Novikov B.K., Rudenko O.V., Timoshenko V.I. Non-linear hydroacoustics. - L.: Shipbuilding, 1981. - 264 p.) or parameter

for a specific parametric (non-linear) antenna using the relations:

- the distance is the formation of a plane wave discontinuity with a frequency of ω ₀ = 2π⋅ƒ ₀ (rad / s) and the amplitude of the sound pressure p ₀ (Pa) at the surface of the emitter, m;

- the length of the Fresnel diffraction region for a pump wave with a central frequency ω ₀ (rad / s), m;

is the attenuation distance of the acoustic wave, m. The attenuation coefficient α _ƒ0 (Np / m) of an acoustic signal with a frequency of ƒ ₀ (1 / s) in sea water is calculated by the ratios of Shiha and Helly, as well as of Liberman (Novikov B.K., Rudenko O .V., Timoshenko V.I. Nonlinear hydroacoustics. - L.: Shipbuilding, 1981. - 264 p.). For fresh water, the damping coefficient α _ƒ0 (Np / m) is related to the frequency ƒ ₀ (1 / s) by the following equation: α _ƒ0 = 0.2765⋅10 ^-10 ⋅ƒ ₀ ^1.5 (Yakovlev A.N., Kablov G .P. Short-range sonars. - L .: Shipbuilding, 1983. - 200 p.)

the amplitude of the sound pressure of the pump signal at the surface of the antenna, Pa. Here: P _{OL 1M} ⋅ehr (α _ƒ0 ⋅z) = P _Z ⋅z⋅ehr (α _ƒ0 ⋅z), (Pa × m) - the amplitude of the audio signal of the pump pressure, reduced to a distance of 1 meter from the antenna based on attenuation.

, отсюда соответствующая амплитуда звукового давления у поверхности антенны равнаIt is proposed to estimate approximately the limiting values of the amplitudes of the pump sound pressure at which nonlinear effects begin to appear (Novikov B.K., Rudenko O.V., Timoshenko V.I. Non-linear hydroacoustics. - L .: Sudostroenie, 1981. - 264 p. ) as follows The formation of discontinuities for plane waves is characterized by the value of the parameter

, hence the corresponding amplitude of sound pressure at the surface of the antenna is

(N>1), предельные уровни амплитуд звукового давления рассчитывают по формулеwhere b is the dissipative coefficient of the medium. But since the diffraction phenomena significantly weaken the nonlinear effects, for limited pump beams at these values of p _{0 the} discontinuity may not occur. Then, neglecting the nonlinear attenuation of the pump wave and setting

(N> 1), the maximum levels of amplitudes of sound pressure are calculated by the formula

Thus, the amplitude of the sound pressure p ₀ at the surface of the emitter for each of the pump signals of the parametric antenna is within the limits determined in accordance with (5) and (6). Relation (6), taking into account the fact that the antenna diameter D = 2α, s ₀ = 1500 m / s and the frequency ƒ = s ₀ / λ, can be transformed and presented in the form

which limits the magnitude of the wave size of the electro-acoustic pump of the parametric antenna from above, and the lower limit (D / λ≥10) can be established from the results of experiments (Novikov B.K., Rudenko O.V., Timoshenko V.I. Non-linear sonar. - L .: Shipbuilding, 1981. - 264 p.).

, предлагаемого устройства мощными электрическими бигармоническими сигналами с частотами ƒ₁, ƒ₂, находящимися в их полосе пропускания, т.е. за счет использования нелинейных эффектов как самовоздействия, так и взаимодействия, которые возникают при распространении акустических волн конечной амплитуды в водной среде, обладающей нелинейностью упругих свойств. При этом возможна реализация режима параметрического излучения - каждый электроакустический преобразователь предлагаемого устройства, излучает в нелинейную водную среду два соосных коллимированных интенсивных ультразвуковых пучка волн конечной амплитуды, в приосевой области которых при выполнении условий синхронизма происходит генерация новых спектральных компонент, что и позволяет сформировать полигармонический зондирующий сигнал. Возникновение полигармонического зондирующего сигнала в акустическом поле следует рассматривать как результат изменения упругих свойств нелинейной водной среды в области распространения мощного бигармонического (ƒ₁, ƒ₂) сигнала накатай, что приводит к перераспределению энергии интенсивных ультразвуковых волн по частотной оси как «вверх» - генерации высших гармонических компонент волн накачки, волны суммарной частоты (nƒ₁, nƒ₂, ƒ₊=ƒ₁+ƒ₂), где n=2, 3, 4, так и «вниз» - генерации волны разностной F=|ƒ₁-ƒ₂| частоты (см. Мюир Т. Дж. Нелинейная акустика и ее роль в геофизике морских осадков // Акустика морских осадков / Пер. с англ.; Под ред. Ю.Ю. Житковского. - М.: Мир, 1977. - с. 227-273, Урик Р. Дж. Основы гидроакустики. - Л.: Судостроение, 1978. - с. 101-106, Кудрявцев В.И. Промысловая гидроакустика и рыболокация - М.: Пищ. пром., 1978. - с. 288-294. Гидроакустическая энциклопедия. - Под общ. ред. В.И.Тимошенко. Таганрог, Изд. ТРТУ. 1999, с. 389-402, 438-441). Так как на акустической оси антенны изменение свойств среды под действием мощной волны накачки с частотой ƒ происходит в наибольшей степени, главный максимум излучения для каждой последующей гармоники имеет более малую угловую ширину по уровню 0,7. В направлениях дополнительных максимумов излучения на основной частоте ƒ изменение свойств среды происходит в гораздо меньшей степени, что приводит к снижению эффективности генерации гармоник в этих направлениях, т.е. уровень бокового поля для каждой последующей гармоники меньше, чем у предыдущей (см. Мюир Т. Дж. Нелинейная акустика и ее роль в геофизике морских осадков // Акустика морских осадков / Пер. с англ.; Под ред. Ю.Ю. Житковского. - М.: Мир, 1977. - с. 227-273, Урик Р. Дж. Основы гидроакустики. - Л.: Судостроение, 1978. - с. 101-106, Кудрявцев В.И. Промысловая гидроакустика и рыболокация - М.: Пищ. пром., 1978. - с. 288-294). Аналогичные характеристики; отсутствие бокового поля в излучении, угловая ширина основного лепестка но уровню 0,7, определяемая остротой направленного действия исходного электроакустического преобразователя на сигнале накачки и т.д. - имеет и низкочастотное излучение волны разностной частоты (В.А. Воронин, С.П. Тарасов, В.И. Тимошенко. Гидроакустические параметрические системы. Ростов н/Д: Ростиздат, 2004).Thus, polyharmonic “acoustic illumination” of interfaces and echo search objects can be ensured by excitation of electro-acoustic transducers whose wavelengths D / λ lie in the range from 10 to

, of the proposed device with powerful electric biharmonic signals with frequencies ƒ ₁ , ƒ ₂ located in their passband, i.e. due to the use of non-linear effects of both self-interaction and interaction that arise during the propagation of acoustic waves of finite amplitude in an aqueous medium with non-linear elastic properties. In this case, the parametric radiation regime can be implemented — each electro-acoustic transducer of the proposed device emits two coaxial collimated intense ultrasonic waves of finite amplitude into a nonlinear aqueous medium, in the axial region of which, when the synchronism conditions are met, new spectral components are generated, which allows the formation of a polyharmonic probe signal . The occurrence of a polyharmonic probe signal in an acoustic field should be considered as a result of a change in the elastic properties of a nonlinear aqueous medium in the region of propagation of a powerful biharmonic (ƒ ₁ , ƒ ₂ ) roll signal, which leads to a redistribution of the energy of intense ultrasonic waves along the frequency axis as “up” - generation of higher harmonic components of the pump waves, the waves of the total frequency (nƒ ₁ , nƒ ₂ , ƒ ₊ = _{+ 1} + ƒ ₂ ), where n = 2, 3, 4, and “down” - the generation of the difference wave F = | ƒ ₁ -ƒ ₂ | frequency (see Muir T. J. Non-linear acoustics and its role in the geophysics of marine sediments // Acoustics of marine sediments / Transl. from English; Ed. by Yu.Yu. Zhitkovsky. - M .: Mir, 1977. - p. 227-273, Urik R. J. Fundamentals of hydroacoustics. - L .: Shipbuilding, 1978. - pp. 101-106, Kudryavtsev V.I. Fishing hydroacoustics and fishing - Moscow: Pishch. Prom., 1978. - p. 288-294, Hydroacoustic Encyclopedia, Ed. By V.I. Timoshenko, Taganrog, Publishing House of TRTU, 1999, pp. 389-402, 438-441). Since on the acoustic axis of the antenna, the change in the properties of the medium under the action of a powerful pump wave with a frequency ƒ occurs to the greatest extent, the main radiation maximum for each subsequent harmonic has a smaller angular width at a level of 0.7. In the directions of additional radiation maxima at the fundamental frequency ƒ, the change in the properties of the medium occurs to a much lesser extent, which leads to a decrease in the efficiency of harmonic generation in these directions, i.e. the lateral field level for each subsequent harmonic is less than that of the previous one (see Muir T. J. Non-linear acoustics and its role in the geophysics of marine sediments // Acoustics of marine sediments / Transl. from English; Edited by Yu.Yu. Zhitkovsky. - M .: Mir, 1977. - pp. 227-273, Urik R. J. Fundamentals of hydroacoustics. - L .: Shipbuilding, 1978. - p. 101-106, Kudryavtsev V.I. Fishing hydroacoustics and fishing - M. : Food. Prom., 1978. - S. 288-294). Similar characteristics; the absence of a side field in the radiation, the angular width of the main lobe but at a level of 0.7, determined by the severity of the directed action of the original electro-acoustic transducer on the pump signal, etc. - It also has low-frequency radiation of a difference-frequency wave (V. A. Voronin, S. P. Tarasov, V. I. Timoshenko. Hydroacoustic parametric systems. Rostov n / A: Rostizdat, 2004).

, мощными электрическими бигармоническими сигналами с частотами ƒ₁, ƒ₂, находящимися в их полосе пропускания, что приводит при распространении мощных ультразвуковых волн накачки к изменению свойств гидроакустического канала. В данном случае гидроакустический канал является не только звукопроводящей средой, позволяющей установить акустический контакт с границей раздела, волновое сопротивление которой отличается от волнового сопротивления воды. Объемный объект, при распространении в котором мощных ультразвуковых волн накачки проявляется нелинейность упругих свойств воды, вызывающая нелинейные эффекты как самовоздействия, так и взаимодействия, приводя к генерации новых спектральных компонент комбинационных частот, свойства акустических полей которых кратко описаны выше. Таким образом, предлагаемое приемоизлучающее антенное устройство с параметрическим режимом излучения как средство передачи и получения информации может функционировать на любой спектральной компоненте - F=|ƒ₁-ƒ₂|, ƒ₁, ƒ₂, nƒ₁, nƒ₂, ƒ₊=ƒ₁+ƒ₂, где n=2, 3, 4, …, что и дает возможность осуществления подбора как необходимой угловой разрешающей способности в угломестной и азимутальных плоскостях, так и индивидуальной частоты ультразвукового сигнала в каждом цикле «излучение-прием», т.е. различной «частотной окраски» каждого отдельного направления эхопоиска (шага поиска) в подводном пространстве, что в результате позволяет обеспечить получение необходимых гидролокационных изображений с различной степенью детализацииBased on the foregoing, the technical result of the proposed receiving-emitting antenna device with a parametric radiation mode is ensured by the excitation of the required number of electro-acoustic transducers whose wavelengths D / λ are in the range from 10 to

, powerful electric biharmonic signals with frequencies ƒ ₁ , ƒ ₂ located in their passband, which leads to a change in the properties of the sonar channel during the propagation of powerful ultrasonic pump waves. In this case, the hydroacoustic channel is not only a sound-conducting medium, which makes it possible to establish acoustic contact with the interface, the wave resistance of which differs from the wave resistance of water. A volumetric object, in which powerful ultrasonic pump waves propagate, the non-linearity of the elastic properties of water is manifested, causing non-linear effects of both self-interaction and interaction, leading to the generation of new spectral components of combination frequencies, the properties of the acoustic fields of which are briefly described above. Thus, the proposed transceiving antenna device with a parametric radiation mode as a means of transmitting and receiving information can operate on any spectral component - F = | ƒ ₁ -ƒ ₂ |, ƒ ₁ , ƒ ₂ , nƒ ₁ , nƒ ₂ , ƒ ₊ = ƒ ₁ + ƒ ₂ , where n = 2, 3, 4, ..., which makes it possible to select both the necessary angular resolution in the elevation and azimuthal planes and the individual frequency of the ultrasonic signal in each radiation-reception cycle, t. e. different "frequency coloring" of each individual direction of the echo search (search step) in the underwater space, which as a result allows to obtain the necessary sonar images with varying degrees of detail

The utility model is illustrated by drawings, where:

in FIG. 1 is a functional diagram of a receiving-emitting antenna device with a parametric radiation mode;

in FIG. 2 shows two projections of a design of a layout of a portion of a receiving-emitting antenna device;

in FIG. 3-6 - sectorial directional characteristics of the layout of the section of the annular row of the receiving-emitting antenna device in the azimuthal plane for signals ƒ = 270 kHz, 2ƒ = 540 kHz, 3ƒ = 810 kHz (three piston electroacoustic transducers are turned on) and F = 50 kHz (two electroacoustic converter).

), где D - диаметр преобразователя 3, λ=с₀/ƒ - длина волны акустического сигнала с частотой ƒ, распространяющегося со скоростью с₀ в воде Р₀ - амплитуда звукового давления в Паскалях у их приемоизлучающих поверхностей, что обусловит проявление нелинейности упругих свойств водной среды 1 и соответственно позволит расширить спектральный состав излучения предлагаемого устройства за счет нелинейных эффектов (самовоздействие, взаимодействие), возникающих в водной среде 1 при распространении акустических волн конечной амплитуды.The receiving-radiating antenna device with a parametric radiation mode (Fig. 1) contains the supporting structure 2 in the form of a round straight cylinder, on the outer surface of which i = 1, 2, 3, ... m, ... identical electroacoustic transducers 3 are located, which through the aqueous medium 1 have acoustic contact with objects located in i = 1, 2, 3, ... m, ... radial sectors of the irradiated space. Electro-acoustic transducers 3 are equipped with elements of shielding, hydro-, electro- and noise insulation, and their receiving-emitting surfaces form a closed cylindrical surface - an aperture, in which the width and perimeter are determined by their overall dimensions. In this case, both the angular width and the pressure non-uniformity of the main lobe of its resulting directivity in the plane perpendicular to the generatrix is determined by the chosen value of the levels (0.9; 0.8; 0.7; 0.6; 0.5) of the neighboring the main lobes of the directivity characteristics used for echo search of electro-acoustic transducers 3. The acoustic axis of the electro-acoustic transducers 3 come out of the geometric center of the supporting structure 2 of a cylindrical shape. Electro-acoustic transducers 3 are made with the possibility of connecting through a multi-channel switch 4 with the output of the generator and with the input of the receiver (not shown), and the corresponding control signals are received at the control input of the multi-channel switch 4. The wave sizes D / λ of the electro-acoustic transducers 3 correspond to the range of values (

), where D is the diameter of the transducer 3, λ = c ₀ / ƒ is the wavelength of an acoustic signal with a frequency ƒ propagating at a speed c ₀ in water; P ₀ is the amplitude of the sound pressure in Pascals at their receiving-emitting surfaces, which will cause the non-linearity of the elastic properties of aqueous medium 1 and, accordingly, will expand the spectral composition of the radiation of the proposed device due to nonlinear effects (self-action, interaction) arising in aqueous medium 1 during the propagation of acoustic waves of finite amplitude.

The operation of the receiving-emitting antenna device with a parametric radiation mode is as follows. In the aquatic environment 1 is located (Fig. 1) in a predetermined position (for example, vertically relative to the azimuthal plane) the supporting structure 2 in the form of a round straight cylinder, on the outer surface of which i = 1, 2, 3, ... m, ... identical electroacoustic transducers 3. Electro-acoustic transducers 3 can through acoustic medium 1 have acoustic contact with objects located in the irradiated space divided by i = 1, 2, 3, ... m, ... of radial sectors. The receiving-emitting surfaces of the electro-acoustic transducers 3 form a closed cylindrical surface — an aperture, the width and perimeter of which are determined by the overall dimensions of the electro-acoustic transducers 3. In this case, both the angular width and the pressure uniformity of the main lobe of its resulting directivity in a plane perpendicular to the generatrix (for example , in the azimuthal plane), is determined by the selected value of the levels (0.9; 0.8; 0.7; 0.6; 0.5) of overlapping neighboring main the directional characteristics of the directivity used for echo search of electro-acoustic transducers 3, each of which can irradiate the "individual" m-th radial sector. The acoustic axis of all i = 1, 2, 3, ... m, ... electro-acoustic transducers 3 come out of the geometric center of the supporting structure 2, made in the form of a round straight cylinder. Each i = 1, 2, 3, ... m, ... the electro-acoustic transducer 3 can be connected in a predetermined order through a multi-channel switch 4 both to the generator output (not shown in the drawings, and to the receiver input (not shown in the drawings), to the control the corresponding control signals are input to the multichannel switch 4. The hardware-software complex of the pump signal synthesizer based on the IBM type PC is known, which provides the task, input, correction of the parameters of the biharmonic generated pump signal in int inactive mode, i.e. the generation of pump signals with specified parameter values (Voronin V.A., Tarasov S.P. Timoshenko V.I. Hydroacoustic parametric systems. - Rostov n / A: Rostizdat, 2004, pp. 243-247 ), in particular, the biharmonic pump frequencies ƒ _2m , ƒ _im included in the passband of electro-acoustic transducers 3 (i = 1, 2, 3, ... m, ... - the number of possible changes in the frequencies ƒ _2m , ƒ _im of the pump waves subject to the condition ƒ ₀ = (ƒ _1m + ƒ _2m ) / 2 = ƒ _{+ m} / 2, where ƒ ₀ is the resonant frequency of the electro-acoustic transducer 3). Thus, the hardware-software complex of the pump signal synthesizer allows for each of i = 1, 2, 3, ... m, ... electro-acoustic transducers 3 of a transceiving antenna device with a parametric radiation mode, and, accordingly, for each of i = 1, 2, 3, ... m, ... of the radial sectors of the survey, program an “individual” set of parameters of radiation and reception: the moment of radiation in the desired i = 1, 2, 3, ... m, ... direction of the echo search, duration of the probe pulse, biharmonic pump frequency values ƒ _2m , ƒ _1m, as well as registers of iruemuyu spectral component of the set of frequencies _{F m = | ƒ 2m -ƒ 1m} |, ƒ 1m, ƒ 2m, ƒ + m = ƒ 2m + ƒ 1m, 2ƒ 1m, 2ƒ 2m,. 3ƒ _1m , 3ƒ _2m ...) of the received and recorded polyharmonic echo signal. The above-described feature of the receiving-radiating antenna device allows for omnidirectional quantized inspection of the water volume of the water area with adjustable angular resolution and “frequency coloring” (F _i = | ƒ _2i - _1i |, ƒ _1i , ƒ _2i , ƒ _{+ i} = ƒ _2i + ƒ _1i , 2ƒ _1i , 2ƒ _2i ,. 3ƒ _1i , 3ƒ _2i ...) of the radial sectors of the survey in the azimuthal plane.

, где c_cm - скорость звука в стержне, ƒ - резонансная частота его толщинных колебаний (Гидроакустическая энциклопедия / Под общ. ред. В.И. Тимошенко. - Таганрог: изд-во ТРТУ, 1999. - c. 599), причем, для электроакустического преобразователя 3 выбирается известный частотный диапазон эффективного преобразования электрической энергии в акустическую и наоборот. С выхода генератора через многоканальный коммутатор 4 поступают импульсы переменного бигармонического электрического сигнала U_ГЕН, частоты колебаний ƒ_2m, ƒ_im которого находятся в полосе пропускания m-го электроакустического преобразователя 3. В силу пьезоэлектрических свойств активный элемент электроакустического преобразователя 3 будет изменять свои размеры с частотами, равными частотам приложенного напряжения, т.е. будет совершать колебания. Эти колебания излучаются в нелинейную водную 1 среду и распространяются в виде мощных сгущений и разряжений, т.е. ультразвуковых волн конечной амплитуды. Для проявления нелинейности упругих свойств зонной среды 1 электроакустический преобразователь формирует акустическое поле волн накачки с необходимой величиной удельной акустической мощности, что обеспечивается тем, что волновой размер D/λ электроакустического преобразователя 3 соответствовует интервалу значений (

), где D - диаметр преобразователя 3, λ=с₀/ƒ - длина волны акустического сигнала с частотой ƒ, распространяющегося со скоростью с₀ в воде Р₀ – амплитуда звукового давления в Паскалях у поверхности излучающего электроакустического преобразователя 3. Именно в данных условиях начинает меняться роль гидроакустического канала как звукопроводящей среды - от «линейной» акустики, в рамках которой изменение плотности воды 1 еще линейно зависит от изменения звукового давления распространяющегося волнового процесса, что обусловливает выполнение принципа суперпозиции, до «нелинейной» акустики, где начинает проявляться нелинейность ее упругих свойств, вызывающая как самовоздействие, так и взаимодействие распространяющихся волн конечной амплитуды, приводя к генерации новых спектральных компонент, т.е. формируется полигармонический зондирующий сигнал, спектральный состав которых «индивидуален» для данного направления эхопоиска в азимутальной плоскости. Полигармонический импульс распространяется в водной среде 1 и при наличии на его пути объекта, волновое сопротивление которого отличается от волнового сопротивления воды, происходит отражение акустических колебаний от него, причем, некоторая часть энергии импульса распространяется в обратном направлении (в силу малоамплитудности эхосигналов водную среду 1 можно считать «линейной» звукопроводящей средой). Вторичное полигармоническое поле «индивидуального» спектрального состава достигает внешнего электрода - рабочей поверхности m-го электроакустического преобразователя 3, находящихся в режиме приема. Переменное ультразвуковое ноле полигармонического эхосигнала, воздействуя на электроды, передается пьезоэлектрическому материалу электроакустического преобразователя 3, в результате чего на них вырабатывается переменное полигармоническое импульсное электрическое напряжение «индивидуального» спектрального состава U_ПР, поступающее через многоканальный коммутатор 4 в приемник (на чертежах не показан), который снабжен устройствами индикации и регистрации, позволяющими оператору провести анализ осуществления эхопоиска в m-ом радиальном секторе, причем, для получения гидролокационных изображений с различной степенью детализации производится обработка (фильтрация, усиление, детектирование) в приемнике.Consider the implementation of echo search in the m-th radial sector (in the other radial sectors there are no fundamental differences, except as described above). So, the m-th electro-acoustic transducer 3 is a reversible half-wave, the active element consists of a piezoceramic disk with a resonant thickness

, where c _cm is the speed of sound in the rod, ƒ is the resonant frequency of its thickness vibrations (Hydroacoustic Encyclopedia / Ed. by V.I. Timoshenko. - Taganrog: Publishing House of TRTU, 1999. - p. 599), moreover, For the electro-acoustic transducer 3, a known frequency range is selected for the effective conversion of electrical energy into acoustic energy and vice versa. From the output of the generator through the multichannel switch 4, pulses of an alternating biharmonic electric signal U _{GEN are received} , the oscillation frequencies ƒ _2m , которого _{im of} which are in the passband of the m-th electro-acoustic transducer 3. Due to the piezoelectric properties, the active element of the electro-acoustic transducer 3 will change its size with frequencies equal to the frequencies of the applied voltage, i.e. will hesitate. These oscillations are radiated into a nonlinear aqueous medium 1 and propagate in the form of powerful condensations and discharges, i.e. ultrasonic waves of finite amplitude. To exhibit nonlinearity of the elastic properties of the zone medium 1, the electro-acoustic transducer generates an acoustic field of pump waves with the required value of specific acoustic power, which is ensured by the fact that the wave size D / λ of the electro-acoustic transducer 3 corresponds to the range of values (

), where D is the diameter of the transducer 3, λ = с ₀ / ƒ is the wavelength of an acoustic signal with a frequency ƒ propagating at a speed of ₀ in water; P ₀ is the amplitude of sound pressure in Pascals at the surface of the emitting electro-acoustic transducer 3. It is under these conditions the role of the hydroacoustic channel as a sound-conducting medium begins to change - from “linear” acoustics, within which the change in the density of water 1 still linearly depends on the change in sound pressure of the propagating wave process, which leads to ntsipa superposition to "nonlinear" acoustics where nonlinearity begins to manifest its elastic properties, causing both self-interaction, and the interaction of propagating waves of finite amplitude, resulting in the generation of new spectral components, i.e. a polyharmonic sounding signal is formed, the spectral composition of which is “individual” for a given direction of echo search in the azimuthal plane. A polyharmonic pulse propagates in water medium 1, and if there is an object on its path whose wave resistance is different from the wave resistance of water, acoustic vibrations are reflected from it, and some of the pulse energy propagates in the opposite direction (due to the low amplitude of the echo signals, water medium 1 can considered a “linear” sound-conducting medium). The secondary polyharmonic field of the “individual” spectral composition reaches the external electrode - the working surface of the m-th electro-acoustic transducer 3, which are in the receiving mode. The alternating ultrasonic zero of the polyharmonic echo signal, acting on the electrodes, is transmitted to the piezoelectric material of the electro-acoustic transducer 3, as a result of which an alternating polyharmonic pulsed electrical voltage of the “individual” spectral composition U _PR is supplied through the multi-channel switch 4 to the receiver (not shown in the drawings), which is equipped with indicating and recording devices, allowing the operator to analyze the implementation of the echo search in the mth radial SG sector, wherein, for obtaining sonar images with varying degrees of detail is performed processing (filtering, amplification, detection) at the receiver.

We will calculate the design (Fig. 1) of a receiving-emitting antenna device with a parametric radiation mode for the case of using round flat piston electro-acoustic transducers 3 (Orlov L.V., Shabrov A.A. Calculation and design of sonar fishing stations - M., Pishch. Prom. , 1974, p. 9-19). The width of the main lobe θ _R (in degrees) at a given relative level (R = 0.7; 0.5; 0.3; 0.1; 0.0) of the directivity of the round piston is determined by its wave size D / λ (D - transducer diameter, λ = с ₀ / ƒ - wavelength of an acoustic signal with a frequency ƒ propagating at a speed of c ₀ in water) and can be calculated by the formula θ _R = χ⋅λ / D, where the levels are R = 0.7; 0.5; 0.3; 0.1; 0,0 correspond to the value of the coefficient χ = 58.5; 80.0; 100.0; 128.0; 140.0. If the acoustic axes of adjacent round planar piston electro-acoustic transducers 3 with a resonant frequency ƒ = 250 kHz (λ = 6 mm) are spaced apart by the same angle θ _R = 8 ⁰ in both the elevation and azimuthal planes, and the relative level of overlap of their main lobes R = 0.7 (χ = 58.5), then the diameter of the transducer 3 is determined by the relation D = χ⋅λ / θ _R , whence D≈0.059 m. At the same time, the diameter of the transducer D and the diameter of the supporting cylindrical structure d can be related by the relation _{d = D / tg (θ R} / _{2) = χ⋅λ / tg (θ R} ) ⋅θ R, where d≈0,63 m. Thus, for the described th above embodiment of the circumferential length is 1.98 m, that the converter diameter 0.059 m gives the number of them to be placed - 33.

Experimental tests of a model of a receiving-emitting antenna device with a parametric radiation mode (a section of a cylindrical surface, two projections are shown in Fig. 2), which is made on the basis of five electro-acoustic transducers 3 (diameter 65 mm, angle of separation of the acoustic axes α = 6 °, radius of curvature 0, 55 m) in the conditions of a hydroacoustic basin showed the following:

1) the layout design allows switching the electro-acoustic transducers 3 to produce on the working signals F = | ƒ ₁ -ƒ ₂ |, ƒ ₁ , 2ƒ ₁ , 3ƒ ₁ discrete scanning of the corresponding directivity with a step of 6 ° in a 30 ° sector, producing the necessary “frequency »Coloring of necessary sectors of the review;

2) the simultaneous excitation of several electro-acoustic transducers 3 of the layout allows you to both form sector directivity characteristics and adjust the angular resolution in the azimuthal plane (see directivity characteristics in Fig. 3-6 in the Cartesian coordinate system). So, for three neighboring electro-acoustic transducers 3 in non-linear mode, the width values at the level of 0.7 of the resulting main maximum directivity characteristics in the horizontal and vertical planes are: for the pump signal ƒ = 270 kHz 18 ° and 5.2 ° (Fig. 3), for the second harmonic of the pump signal 2ƒ = 540 kHz 16 ° and 3.8 ° (Fig. 4), for the third harmonic of the pump signal 3ƒ = 810 kHz 16.6 ° and 2.6 ° (Fig. 5) As follows from Fig. 2-4, fluctuations in the levels of amplitudes of sound pressure in the region of the resulting eye maxima of the directivity characteristics for signals ƒ, 2ƒ, 3ƒ were no more than 3 dB, 7 dB and 9 dB, respectively, due to the choice of a large separation angle (6 °) of the acoustic axes of the electroacoustic transducers, and the levels of lateral radiation in mutually perpendicular planes are (-11 dB), (-20 dB) and (-43 dB), respectively. For two adjacent electro-acoustic transducers 3 in parametric mode, the value of the width at the level of 0.7 of the resulting main maximum directivity characteristics in mutually perpendicular planes are: - for the difference frequency signal F = 50 kHz 12 ° and 6 ° (Fig. 6) when the sound amplitude level fluctuates pressure in the region of the resulting main maximum of not more than 2 dB and the level of side radiation (-24 dB); similarly, for five electro-acoustic transducers 3 in parametric mode, it is possible to form the resulting main maximum in the form of a radial sector - 30 ° and 6 °.

3) the design of the layout allows you to save the advantages of the parametric radiation mode, and the rotation of the resulting main maximum of the sector directivity is made in the most simple way - by switching electro-acoustic transducers 3, which compares favorably with electronic and mechanical discrete scanning;

4) the effective passband of the electro-acoustic transducer 3 was about 55 kHz. which made it possible to form parametric antennas in the aquatic environment, the pump wave frequencies of which can vary in the ranges ƒ ₁ = (248.5-272.5) kHz and ƒ ₂ = (277.5-302.5) kHz, generating additional components of the radiation spectrum in the frequency ranges: difference F = (5-55) kHz, second harmonics of the pump waves 2ƒ ₁ = (497-545) kHz and 2ƒ ₂ = (555-605) kHz, etc.

The implementation of an omnidirectional quantized survey of the water volume of the water area with adjustable angular resolution and "frequency coloring" of the radial sectors of the survey in the azimuthal plane through 33 electro-acoustic transducers of the proposed device has no fundamental difficulties.

The advantages of a receive-emitting antenna device with a parametric radiation mode are as follows:

- the ability to quickly and efficiently search in the azimuthal plane of the surrounding body of water within the operating range for each "individual" echo search direction, determined by the different static orientation in the space of each electro-acoustic transducer;

- the effective use of acoustic energy emitted in each direction ensures the unambiguous registration of distance and direction to the object of echo direction finding;

- there is no need to use radio devices (delay lines, phase shifters), which simplifies the paths of the locator and increases its efficiency due to the absence of losses introduced by their electrical circuits;

- mobility and high transportability of the antenna device allows you to install it at various points in the water area, allows rise from the water for maintenance and inspection:

- sufficient maintainability, cheapness and manufacturability are provided, since the antenna device is made of standardized electro-acoustic transducers of the corresponding wave sizes placed on a supporting structure of a given spatial shape.

The inventive utility model can be widely used as a receiving-emitting antenna device with a parametric radiation mode, which has enhanced functionality for omnidirectional quantized survey of the water volume of the water area with adjustable angular resolution and "frequency coloring" of the radial sectors of the survey in the azimuthal plane.

Claims (3)

1. A receiving-emitting antenna device with a parametric radiation mode, containing the supporting structure in the form of a round straight cylinder, on the outer surface of which i = 1,2,3, ... m, ... electro-acoustic transducers are located, which can be implemented through an aqueous medium acoustic contact with objects in i = 1,2,3, ... m, ... of the radial sectors of the space survey, the receiving-emitting surfaces of which form a closed cylindrical surface - an aperture, in which the width and perimeter are determined by the overall the sizes of electro-acoustic transducers, both the angular width and the pressure non-uniformity of the main lobe of its resulting directivity in the plane perpendicular to the generatrix, is determined by the selected level value (0.9; 0.8; 0.7; 0.6; 0 , 5) overlapping adjacent main lobes of directivity characteristics used for echo search of electro-acoustic transducers, acoustic axes of electro-acoustic transducers leave the geometric center of the cylinder supporting structure of a physical form, electro-acoustic transducers are made with the possibility of alternating connection with the output of the generator (input of the receiver), characterized in that it further comprises a controllable multi-channel switch configured to connect electro-acoustic transducers in the specified order with the output of the generator and with the input of the receiver, while the wave parameters D / λ electro-acoustic transducers are selected in the range of values (

), where D is the diameter of the transducer, λ = с ₀ / ƒ is the wavelength of an acoustic signal with a frequency ƒ propagating at a speed of ₀ in water, P ₀ is the amplitude of sound pressure in Pascals at the surface of the emitting electro-acoustic transducer. 2. A receiving-emitting antenna device with a parametric radiation mode according to claim 1, characterized in that the electro-acoustic transducers are equipped with shielding elements, hydro-, electro- and noise insulation. 3. A receiving-emitting antenna device with a parametric radiation mode according to claim 1, characterized in that the electro-acoustic transducers are made identical to each other.

Images