RU1794373C

RU1794373C - Grass drying apparatus

Info

Publication number: RU1794373C
Application number: SU904784365A
Authority: RU
Inventors: Николай Степанович Зинченко
Original assignee: Сибирская Государственная Зональная Машиноиспытательная Станция
Priority date: 1990-01-16
Filing date: 1990-01-16
Publication date: 1993-02-15

Description

ных веществ путем обеспечени возможности более быстрого и эффективного высушивани трав при скашивании,substances by enabling faster and more efficient drying of grasses when mowing,

Это достигаетс тем, что устройство дл сушки травы при скашивании снабжено установленным на раме параллельно и перед плющильными барабанами режущим аппаратом , соединённым с рамой энергетическим средством и охватывающими барабаны с образованием зазора нижними и верхними ложементами, при этом нижний ложемент первого барабана соединен с источником гор чего газа, и диаметр первого барабана меньше диаметра второго барабана . ... . . ::; ;This is achieved by the fact that the device for drying grass during mowing is equipped with a cutting device mounted on the frame in parallel with and before flatting drums, connected with a power tool to the frame and covering the drums to form a gap between the lower and upper lodges, while the lower lodgement of the first drum is connected to a hot source gas, and the diameter of the first drum is less than the diameter of the second drum. ... . ::; ;

Наружна поверхность ложементов покрыта теплоизол ционным материалом.The outer surface of the lodgements is covered with insulating material.

Прижимное устройство выполнено в виде пружин, установленных на т ге и имеющих элементы фиксации на ос х барабанов.The clamping device is made in the form of springs mounted on a bar and having locking elements on the axles of the drums.

Устройство дл сушки травы при скашивании снабжено расположенным в нижней части второго барабана со стороны первого барабана фигурным скребком-сбрасывателем , при этом между скребком и верхним ложементом этого барабана выполнено вы- бросное окно, скребок-сбрасыватель дл очистки первого барабана закреплен в месте шарнирного соединени верхних ложементов ,;The device for drying grass during mowing is equipped with a figured scraper-scraper located in the lower part of the second drum from the side of the first reel, while an ejection window is made between the scraper and the upper lodgement of this drum, the scraper-scraper for cleaning the first drum is fixed in place of the articulation of the upper lodgements,;

На одном барабане вдоль него и по окружности закреплены р дами пружинные захваты, а на другом барабане против них выполнены канавки,On one drum along it and around the circumference, spring grips are fixed in rows, and on the other drum, grooves are made against them,

Устройство дл сушки траЁы при скашивании имеет четное количество барабанов.The device for drying the tray during mowing has an even number of drums.

Барабаны кинематически соединены с валом отбора мощности энергетического средства и опорным колесом устройства.The drums are kinematically connected to the power take-off shaft of the power tool and the support wheel of the device.

На фиг. 1 показан общий вид устройства (сверху); на фиг, 2 - поперечный разрез барабанов , вид сбоку (разрез А-А фиг. 1); на фиг. 3 показан общий вид фигурного скребка-сбрасывател ; на фиг. 4 - общий вид средства регулировани зазора между барабанами; на фиг, 5 - расчетна схема барабанов; на фиг. 6 - расчетна схема обьема (трав ноймэссы).In FIG. 1 shows a general view of the device (top); on Fig, 2 is a transverse section of the drums, side view (section aa of Fig. 1); in FIG. 3 shows a general view of a figured scraper-ejector; in FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a means for adjusting a gap between drums; Fig. 5 is a design diagram of drums; in FIG. 6 - design scheme of volume (herbs of noymass).

Устройство дл сушки травы при скашивании состоит из режущего аппарата 1, первого 2 и второго (последнего) 3 барабанов, которые смонтированы с возможностью вращени их в противоположном направлении с угловой скоростью, пропорциональной радиусам. Первый 2 и второй 3 барабаны смонтированы на пустотелых консольных валах 4 и на подшипниках 5, на дополнительной раме б и 7, на ней также закреплен нижний ложемент 8, на дополнительной раме 6 смонтировано опорное колесо 9, на дополнительной раме 7 смонтировано опорное - ведущее колесо 10 с гибкой св зью 11, ведущей звездочкой 12, где от опорного - ведущего колеса 10 кинематиче5 еки через звездочки 13 и 14 соединены с первым 2 и вторым 3 барабанами. Вал отбора мощности 15 от т гача 16 через редуктор 17 с помощью вала 18 соединен с первым барабаном 2, а с помощью карданного валаThe device for drying grass during mowing consists of a cutting apparatus 1, first 2 and second (last) 3 drums, which are mounted to rotate them in the opposite direction with an angular velocity proportional to the radii. The first 2 and second 3 drums are mounted on the hollow cantilever shafts 4 and on the bearings 5, on the additional frame b and 7, the lower lodgement 8 is also fixed on it, the support wheel 9 is mounted on the additional frame 6, the support - driving wheel is mounted on the additional frame 7 10 with a flexible coupling 11, the drive sprocket 12, where from the support wheel 10 are kinematically connected via the sprockets 13 and 14 to the first 2 and second 3 drums. The power take-off shaft 15 from the tractor 16 through the gearbox 17 is connected to the first drum 2 via a shaft 18, and by means of a cardan shaft

-0 19 соединён со вторым барабаном 3. При этом радиус первого барабана 2 меньше радиуса второго барабана 3.-0 19 is connected to the second drum 3. Moreover, the radius of the first drum 2 is less than the radius of the second drum 3.

Количество барабанов должно быть четным (два, четыре и т.д.) с чередующимс The number of reels must be even (two, four, etc.) with alternating

5 размером радиусов барабанов, т.е. радиус первого барабана равен радиусу третьего барабана и радиус второго равен радиусу четвертого барабана.5 by the size of the radii of the drums, i.e. the radius of the first drum is equal to the radius of the third drum and the radius of the second is equal to the radius of the fourth drum.

Сверху первый барабан 2 закрыт ложе0 ментом 20, а второй барабан 3 - ло жемен- . том 21, ложементы 20 и 21 между собой соединены шарнирно, в данном же шарнире торсионно укреплен фигурный скребок- сбрасыватель 22 дл очистки первогоFrom above, the first drum 2 is covered with a bed 0 of cop 20, and the second drum 3 is covered with a tray. volume 21, lodges 20 and 21 are interconnected pivotally, in the same hinge, a figured scraper-ejector 22 is torsionally reinforced to clean the first

5 барабана 2, такой же скребок 23 закреплен у нижнего ложемента 8 дл очистки второго барабана 3.5 of the drum 2, the same scraper 23 is fixed at the lower lodgement 8 for cleaning the second drum 3.

Ложементы 20 и 21 смонтированы с возможностью полного закрыти восход щихThe lodges 20 and 21 are mounted with the ability to completely close the ascents

0 потоков тепла от первого 2 и второго 3 барабанов , а наружные поверхности ложементов 20 и 21 покрыты теплоизол ционным материалом.0 heat fluxes from the first 2 and second 3 drums, and the outer surfaces of the lodges 20 and 21 are covered with insulating material.

Первый барабан 2 жестко соединен наThe first drum 2 is rigidly connected to

5 дополнительной раме б и 7, а второй барабан 3 относительно первого барабана 2 смещаетс посредством средства регулировани зазора. Последнее выполнено между первым 2 и вторым 3 барабанами5 of the additional frame b and 7, and the second drum 3 relative to the first drum 2 is shifted by means of adjusting the clearance. The latter is made between the first 2 and second 3 reels

0 в виде т ги 24, котора проходит через проушины 25 на первом 2 и втором 3 барабанах, проушины 25 согнуты под пр мым углом с одной стороны через Отверстие проходит т га 24, а с другой стороны лроушина 250 in the form of a rod 24, which passes through the eyes 25 on the first 2 and second 3 reels, the eyes 25 are bent at a right angle from one side through the Hole, the rod 24 passes, and on the other hand the eyelet 25

5 шарнирно соединена с центром барабанов 2 и 3, у каждого барабана сво проушина 25. На т ге 24 смонтирована пружина 26, котора одним концом упираетс в проушину 25, а другим концом-в ограничительную шайбу5 is pivotally connected to the center of drums 2 and 3, each drum has an eye 25. On spring 24, a spring 26 is mounted, which abuts against one eye 25 at one end and the limit washer at the other end.

0 27, последн зафиксирована гайкой 28, котора резьбовым соединением навинчена на конце т ги 24. ,;0 27, last fixed by a nut 28, which is screwed onto the end of the bar 24. with a threaded connection;

. Данное, средство регулировани зазора смонтировано с обеих сторон торцов бара5 банов. .. This clearance adjuster is mounted on both sides of the ends of the bar 5 of the ban. .

Внизу под вторым (последним) барабаном 3 между окончанием верхнего ложемента 21 и чист щей стороны фигурного скребка-сбрасывател 23 находитс про- странство, которое вл етс выбросным окном высушенной трав ной массы, котора подаетс на транспортерную ленту 29.Below, under the second (last) drum 3, between the end of the upper lodgement 21 and the cleaning side of the figured scraper-ejector 23, there is a space, which is the exhaust window of the dried grass mass, which is fed to the conveyor belt 29.

На первом 2 и втором 3 барабанах в .несколько р дов по ширине и по всей длине окружности барабанов смонтированы пружинные захваты 30, а против них, на противоположных барабанах 2 и 3 выполнены углублени в виде канавок 31. Дл хорошей очистки первого 2 и второго 3 барабанов от остатков трав ной массы фигурные скребки-сбрасыватели 22 и 23 выполнены с выступами 32 дл очистки канавок 31, а углублени 33 выполнены против захватов 30. Источник гор чего газа газопровод 34, отработанных газов двигател т гача 16 смонтирован к нижнему ложементу 8, а газопровод от газовых баллонов 35 и 36, установленных на дополнительной раме б, подсоединен к известным газовым горелкам 37 и 38, посредством которых нагреваютс первый 2 и второй 3 барабаны.On the first 2 and second 3 reels in several rows along the width and along the entire circumference of the reels, spring grips 30 are mounted, and against them, on the opposite reels 2 and 3, recesses are made in the form of grooves 31. For good cleaning of the first 2 and second 3 drums from grass residues, figured scraper-ejectors 22 and 23 are made with protrusions 32 for cleaning grooves 31, and recesses 33 are made against grabs 30. The source of hot gas, gas line 34, exhaust gases of the engine 16 is mounted to the lower lodgement 8, and gas pipeline from gas cylinders 35 and 36 mounted on an additional frame b, connected to known gas burners 37 and 38, by means of which the first 2 and second 3 drums are heated.

Устройство дл сушки травы при скаши- вании работает следующим образом.A device for drying grass during mowing works as follows.

Перед началом косовицы открываютс вентили газовых баллонов 35 и 36 и зажигаютс горелки 37 и 38, которые нагревают внутреннюю часть первого 2 и второго 3 барабанов до заданной температуры, а последн зависит от того, каковы исходна влажность трав ной массы и требуема влажность сена.Before the start of the kosovitsa, the valves of gas cylinders 35 and 36 are opened and the burners 37 and 38 are ignited, which heat the inside of the first 2 and second 3 drums to a predetermined temperature, and the latter depends on the initial moisture content of the grass mass and the required humidity of hay.

После прогрева до заданной температуры барабанов 2 и 3, а ложемента 8 от двигател т гача 16 начинаетс косовица как обычно косилкой. При этом радиус первого барабана 2 должен быть выбран.таким, чтобы поступательна скорость агрегата (т гача ) не превышала скорости вращени первого барабана 2. Трава, срезанна режущим аппаратом 1 с помощью мотовила (не показано) и захватов 30 первого барабана 2, укладываетс в зазор между первым барабаном 2 и нижним ложементом 8, уплотн етс и далее сжимаетс с большим усилием между контактами барабанов 2 и 3. Происходит сильное сжатие трав ной нагретой до высокой температуры массы барабанами 2 иЗ.After warming up the drums 2 and 3 to the set temperature, and the lodgement 8 from the engine of the tractor 16, the scythe begins as usual with a mower. In this case, the radius of the first drum 2 must be chosen so that the translational speed of the aggregate (tractor) does not exceed the rotation speed of the first drum 2. The grass cut by the cutting apparatus 1 with a reel (not shown) and grabs 30 of the first drum 2 are laid in the gap between the first drum 2 and the lower lodgement 8 is compacted and then compressed with great effort between the contacts of the drums 2 and 3. Strong compression of the grass mass heated to a high temperature by the drums 2 and 3 occurs.

Claims

1. An apparatus for drying herbs, comprising at least two conditioning drums, the cavities of which are connected to a source of hot gas, and a pressing device, characterized in that, in order to increase the productivity of the workpiece, mounted on the frame and equipped with a drive for providing opposite rotation hay, reducing its Compressed and squeezed grass to the mass then moves to the second (last) drum 3 and a thin-layer contact drying occurs between the drums 3 and the spring-loaded lodgement 21. At the bottom of the second (along Lednov) drum 3 ejector shaped scraper 23 cleans the remains of the dried herbs hydrochloric mass on the surface of the drum 3. The dried herbs in large-sa falls onto a moving conveyor belt 29, disposed transversely to the drum 3, for further transport to a storage location by conventional means.

In practice, other options can be used without violating the main idea of the technical solution.

The use of this device for thin-layer contact drying of grass with high temperatures during the preparation of hay provides a number of advantages in comparison with the prototype and basic devices.

Significantly increases the path of contact heating of the grass mass with two (several) drums.

The herbs are dried better and faster for mass due to squeezing moisture from inside the grass mass to the outside due to the strong compression of the drums between themselves. They are more effectively dragged by the grass drums to the mass due to the spring grip, the latter do not interfere with the contact of the drums due to the grooves.

Losses of the most valuable hay (leaves and inflorescences) are excluded because the hay falls into the discharge window down onto the conveyor belt.

The upward heat fluxes from the drums are completely preserved due to the construction of the upper lodges.

The drums are well cleaned from the rest of the grass mass by shaped scrapers with torsion springs.

The second drum with the upper lodgement moves relative to the first, while the gap between the drums is adjustable.

loss and preservation of nutrients by providing quick and effective drying of grasses when mowing, it is equipped with a cutting device mounted on the frame in parallel and in front of the conditioning drum, connected to the frame with an energy tool, and covering the drums with the formation of a gap of the lower and upper lodges, while the lower the lodgement of the first drum is connected to a source of hot gas and the diameter

the first drum is smaller than the diameter of the second drum.

2. The device according to claim 1, with the exception that the outer surface of the lodgements is covered with heat-insulating material.

3. The device according to claim 1, with the proviso that the pressing device is made in the form of springs mounted on a link and having fixing elements on the axes of the drums.

4. The device according to claim 1, with the exception that it is equipped with a figured scraper-ejector located at the bottom of the second drum from the side of the first drum, while between the scraper and the upper lodgement of this drum an ejection window, and a scraper-ejector for cleaning the first drum, fixed at the hinged joint of the upper lodgements.

5. The device according to claim 1, with the proviso that spring grippers are fixed in rows on one drum along it and around the circumference, and grooves are made on the other drum opposite them.

6. The device according to p. 1 .different from the fact that it has an even number of drums ..

7. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the drums are kinematically connected with the power take-off shaft of the power tool and the support wheel of the device,

.1

. ii ijrrii / (i ti ti inf iij i tii ft t t g h tint I

308 23 22 29

ФЦГ.2

22 "23

28 gb 25

Zw 3

Fmg. 4

Ft. 6