RU1793386C - Oscillograph - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to electrical engineering and can be used in oscilloscopes to study the fine structure of a signal. The purpose of the invention is to reduce the time it takes to prepare the waveform / imager to work when studying fine. The invention relates to an electrical measuring technique and can be used, in particular, in oscilloscopes for studying the fine structure of a signal. One of the most important tasks of studying the Signal Form is the measurement of its amplitude-time parameters and the study of the fine structure of the signal, i.e. some bending area, for example ejection, small spurious generation or induction from an extraneous source. The ability to study the fine structure of a signal using an oscilloscope is determined by its resolution, which is characterized by the number of visually times; The horizontal and vertical lines appear on the screen. The resolution of the oscilloscopes is limited by the thickness of the line of the beam. Therefore, in most oscilloscopes, the axis fine-tuning is used to study the fine structure of the signal. Investigating the fine structure of the signal Using the oscilloscope, only the structure of the signal under study is possible. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: the oscilloscope comprises a first scaling unit 1, a first switch, a display, a scanner, a second switch, a control unit 6, a second scaling unit, a two-way signal limiter 8, and a signal generator. Using a specially formed marker - a rectangle, a fragment of the signal image of interest is selected, after which the fragment is simultaneously stretched across the entire screen in two axes. This increases the convenience of working with the oscilloscope and reduces the time it takes to prepare the device for work with thin signal structure. 4 ill. by stretching the entire screen of its individual fragments. In this case, to study the temporal structure of the signal, the image is stretched horizontally on the oscilloscope screen. To study the amplitude parameters of a signal, it is often necessary to stretch its image not only vertically, but also horizontally, for example, when studying the fine structure of signals of complex shape, in particular, the output signal of a digital-to-analog converter, an analog storage device, or any non-electric value converter electrical signal. Stretching along each axis separately may not reveal all the features of the fine structure of a complex signal. In order to reduce the time of preparation of the instrument for studying the fine structure of the signal and ensure the convenience of the operator, it is necessary to select (L С vj о 00 Сл) s with

Description

the portion of the signal that is intended to stretch to full screen.

The selection of a fragment of the image of the signal, which must be stretched horizontally, is made by highlighting it. In this case, the task of isolating a fragment of the image of the signal under study, which must be vertically stretched on the oscilloscope screen, has not yet been solved. The necessity of using stretching the image of the signal in both directions dictates the need to isolate the fragment to be stretched in the full image of the signal, i.e. to stretch it. Known oscilloscope containing

 a vertical deflection path including a scaling unit, a horizontal deflection path comprising a serially connected scan unit and a switchable gain, a display comprising a cathode ray tube with gain control stages, a backlight amplifier and a power supply and a control unit. The signal is horizontally stretched on the oscilloscope screen by increasing the rate of rise of the sawtooth voltage at the output of the horizontal deflection path using an amplifier with a switchable gain by increasing the latter by a factor of 10. The mentioned amplifier provides two fixed values of the gain - 1 and 10. When observing the full image of the signal, the fragment to be stretched is set symmetrically with respect to the central vertical line of the tube scale. . -....

The signal is vertically stretched by increasing the gain of the scaling unit in the vertical deviation path. When stretching vertically on the screen, only the position of those portions of the signal image that are close to the zero potential at the input of the oscilloscope (sections of the signal transition through zero) is saved. All other portions of the signal image are moved apart up and down with respect to the zero line by the distance equal to the product of their initial distance from this line by the stretching coefficient.

A disadvantage of the oscilloscope is the limited ability to isolate the fragment of interest to be stretched, and the associated inconvenience of using it. This inconvenience is manifested in a large number of actions of the operator to set the image of the area of interest and considerable time costs. Selection. The fragment of interest when stretching horizontally is complicated by the fact that the operator does not know the boundaries of the fragment that formed on the screen after turning on stretching. This drawback is compounded by the fact that the image of the signal and its stretching

0

they are carried out electronically, and the center (vertical) line of the scale to which the center of the stretched fragment is to be linked is plotted on the tube screen mechanically. Due to temporary and

5, the temperature drift inherent in electronic devices, the aforementioned binding is very often violated, as a result of which the error in the selection of the fragment of interest increases.

0 Therefore, the operator, after turning on the stretch, is forced to further clarify the location of the stretched fragment by alternately shifting it left and right until it is convinced of the correctness

5 settings of the stretched fragment. This lengthens the preparation time of the oscilloscope.

The selection of the fragment of interest in the full image of the signal when it

0 vertical stretching is hampered by the lack of information about the position of this fragment after turning on stretching. The position on the screen is saved only in portions of the signal image corresponding to the zero level, i.e. in the absence of a signal. In most cases, the image of the signal in stretch mode will be outside the screen. Therefore, pre-installation (full image)

0 signal) of a signal fragment to be stretched vertically and located at a certain distance from the indicated line is practically impossible. In order to search for a fragment of interest, the operator is forced to scan, as a rule, the entire stretched signal, moving the stretched image vertically. Since the vertically stretched signal often does not fit on the screen, the operator does not

0 sees the full image of the signal and does not know in which part of the full image of the signal the observed stretched fragment is located. Therefore, the operator5 conducts all his actions to search for the fragment of interest at random, shifting the signal image up and down, which delays the preparation of the oscilloscope for studying the fine structure of the signal.

This drawback is greatly exacerbated when it is necessary to stretch

the fragment of interest is immediately along two axes. This is because when viewing the image of a signal already stretched along both axes on the oscilloscope screen, the operator is forced to simultaneously adjust the signal offset both vertically and horizontally. In this case, the image very often disappears from the screen altogether, and the operator cannot always evaluate which of the adjustments and in which direction should be changed so that the desired fragment of the stretched image appears on the screen. Consequently, the study of the fine structure of a complex signal using a Unified oscilloscope is accompanied by a significant increase in the time it takes to prepare the instrument for measurements even by

Wed; prs

This is the case when the stretch is only carried along one of the axes.

Another disadvantage of the known oscilloscope is that the possibilities of stretching the signal in amplitude are limited due to the overload of the input circuits of the npi- display, setting a large amplitude of the signal at its input. If the amplitude of the input signal of the display is such that the image extends vertically out of the frame of the screen, then controlling the vertical deflection of the display becomes saturated. In fact, the restoration of the linear mode with respect to the control ode after saturation of the under-. If it takes a long time, then stretching the image of the signal vertically causes a significant distortion of the shape of the image of the signal.

j The closest in technical essence to the claimed device is an oscilloscope containing a scaling unit, the input of which is connected to the bus of the signal under study, and the output is with the first input, the house of the first switch, the output of which is connected to the first input of the display, the second input which is connected to the output of the second switch, a scanner, the input of which is connected to the clock signal bus, the first and second outputs are with the first and third inputs of the second switch, respectively, the third output is with the third input of the display, group fourth outputs - with a group of control inputs of the first and second switches, a control unit, the group of first outputs of which is connected to a group of control inputs of the scaling unit, a group of second outputs - with a group of first control inputs of a scan unit, a group of third outputs - with a group of second control of the input inputs of the Elok scan, and the fourth output with the third control input of the scanner. The prototype oscilloscope, upon observing the full image of the signal, marks on it a portion that will be stretched to the full screen when the stretching is turned on horizontally. For this, the scan unit 5 contains the main and delayed scan generators. Moreover, the delayed illumination pulse is used to form a brightness marker by additionally illuminating a portion in the entire image of the signal. The first switch serves to switch the channels of the first scaling unit (in the two-channel oscilloscope mode), and the second switches the main and delayed sweep signals and the corresponding backlight pulses. The control unit generates code (digital) signals for setting the deviation and sweep coefficients and for controlling the switches.

The prototype oscilloscope has two operating modes: the observation mode of the full image of the signal with a mark (highlighted area) on it on the main scan and the observation mode of the fragment of interest stretched across the entire screen horizontally on the delayed scan. This allows you to select any portion of the signal under investigation (after the trigger moment) and extend it. Moreover, the horizontal stretching coefficient has not one fixed value as in the analogue, but can take a number of values, for example, 2; 2.5; 5; 10.20 a.m .; 50 etc. By

5 thereby eliminates the disadvantage of an analogue associated with the difficulty of isolating a fragment of interest in a signal image to be horizontally stretched. A significant drawback of the device, as well as the analogue, is the impossibility of specifying the region of interest that, when stretched vertically, will be displayed on the display screen, and the associated inconvenience of working with the oscilloscope.

5 The operator is forced to look for a fragment of interest to him, shifting the stretched image of the signal, which often comes out; beyond the screen. In this case, the operator performs his actions almost blindly,

0 which complicates its work and prolongs the time of research.

Thus, when stretching the image of the signal under investigation vertically, the disadvantages of the analogue completely remain for 5 s.

As an expert estimate showed, due to the presence of a brightness marker, the time required to prepare an oscilloscope to study the fine structure of the signal, when the operator must combine the highlighted area with the fragment of interest in the full image of the signal (when stretched horizontally), is approximately 15-25 s. ,

At the same time, setting the fragment of the signal image of interest while stretching rip vertically forces the operator to vertically shift the stretched image along the limited display window. screen frames

which is time consuming. Observes the sequence, section after section, of a stretched image of the signal, the operator mentally compares it with the full image of the signal (unbroken), which is remembered in the mind, and begins to find the stretched fragment of interest. During the time-of-time operation, the operator is often forced to shift the found a fragment down and up off the screen to verify that the intended boundaries of that fragment are correct. All this creates significant inconvenience to the operator, increases the time to prepare the oscilloscope for work. The time required to set the vertical and approximate values is approximately 1-1.5 minutes.

The installation of a fragment of interest in an oscilloscope is significantly more complicated if. It requires stretching horizontally and vertically at the same time. In this case, as a result of operator manipulation after turning on stretching, very often

 a situation arises when none of the fragments (not a single point) of the image of the stretched signal falls within the frame of the screen. To make sure 1 that there is an image of the signal under investigation, the operator is forced to temporarily return to its full image and then completely repeat the stretching operation. Moreover, in the process of studying the fine structure of complex signals, repeated manipulations of this kind are possible, which further increases the inconvenience of working with the fine structure of the signal. At the same time, the time taken1 to prepare for measurements increases to 2-2.5 minutes.

The purpose of the invention is to improve the usability when studying the fine structure of the signal under study.

This goal is achieved in that in a known device containing a first scaling unit, the input of which is connected to the bus of the signal under study, and the output is with the first input of the first switch, the output of which is connected to the first input of the Display, the second input of which is connected to the output of the second switch, the unit sweep whose input is connected to the bus

synchronization signal, the first and second outputs - with the first and third inputs of the second switch, respectively, the third output - with the third input of the display, the group of fourth outputs - with the group of control inputs of the switch and the second switch, the control unit is EH and the corpse of the first outputs are short ogre is connected to a group of control inputs of the first block; scale-birywan and / group; second, outputs - with a group of first control inputs of the develop block. group of third inputs - with a group of second control inputs of the scan unit, and the fourth output - with the third control input of the scan unit, the second scaling unit is introduced, two-sided signal limiter and sign, generator, the group of the first inputs of which is connected to the group of the third outputs of the block; control and the group of the first control inputs of the second block is scaled; the second / second input. - to the fourth output of the control unit, the third input - to you the path of the control unit and the second control input of the second scaling unit, the first output to the second input of the first switch, and the second output to the second input of the second switch, while input: one of the second scaling unit is connected: s; the output of the first scaling unit; and the output - with the input of a two-way signal limiter, the output of which is connected to the third input of the first switch a,. :; : th; ..:; : / -;: ... . . ; . The essence of the present invention lies in the fact that, thanks to the introduction of a second scaling unit, a two-way signal limiter and a sign generator, when forming a complete image of the signal, an additional marker is formed on the oscilloscope screen, which is aligned with the fragment of interest in the full image of the signal, and in stretching mode displayed full screen without distorting the waveform. The fragment of interest is stretched along two axes simultaneously, while the boundaries of the rectangle marker in the stretch mode correspond to the edges of the oscilloscope screen. The claimed device differs from the prototype by the presence of a second scaling unit, a two-way signal limiter and a sign generator, as well as a number of communications, which indicates the novelty of the inventive device according to the criteria of the invention. Thanks to this, it became possible to select the fragment of interest by not combining the marker located on the signal image with

image of a fragment, and by installing a marker-rectangle specially formed by a symbolic generator in such a way that it covers the fragment of interest. The selection of the fragment of interest with the help of a marker formed separately from the image, which makes it possible to set a portion of the signal to be displayed on the display screen when it is simultaneously stretched along two axes, is unknown to the authors. This was made possible thanks to the introduction of the indicated communication nodes. In addition, the authors are generally not aware of the use of any marker in oscillography to isolate a fragment of the signal under investigation, which will be displayed on the display screen when it is stretched vertically. ;

 Thus, although the newly introduced nodes themselves are known, they provide for the inventive device, due to the new mechanism of operation (which is a consequence of the introduction of these connections) new, not directly derived from the known properties of these nodes properties: higher; the convenience of working with an oscilloscope and the time taken to prepare the instrument for work when studying the fine structure of G from 1 channel. In this case, the second scaling unit and the two-way signal limiter SIGN 1la are known and perform their inherent functions. At the same time, the iconic generator

), which in well-known oscilloscopes

really

It is used only to generate alphanumeric information on the display screen. in this case, it serves to highlight the fragment of interest (subject to

about stretching on both axes m) in full

image of the investigated signal. All

this is lenn isob

demonstrates the conformity of an ego technical criterion for the eetheny with significant differences.

In FIG. 1 shows a structural diagram of the proposed oscilloscope; in FIG. 2 is a complete image of the signal under investigation and an image of its fragment on the oscilloscope screen, while in FIG. Figure 2a shows a complete image of a signal with a fragment of image of interest highlighted on it (using a marker-pr - rectangle); in FIG. 26 depicts a fragment stretched to full screen; in FIG. 3 is a structural diagram of a sign generator; in FIG. 4 - time diagrams of signals explaining the operation of the character generator (Fig. 4a shows time diagrams of its output signals; Fig. 46 shows time diagrams of signals at characteristic points

5 . 10 15

20 5 0 -.

5

0

5

0 5

character generator (Fig. 3); in FIG. 5 is a structural diagram of the switches (in Fig. 5a shows a structural diagram of the first switch; in Fig. 56 - the second).

The device consists of a first scaling unit 1, a first switch 2, a display 3, a scanning unit 4, a second switch 5, a control unit 6, a second scaling unit 7, a two-way signal limiter 8, and a sign generator 9.; -.-; ...; - ;;;: .// X ;;. L. : -: .-: ..., i

The sign generator 9 using the polygram method comprises: a multivibrator 10, a counter-divider 11, a decoder 12, first and second integrators 13, 14, and first and second amplifiers 15, 16 with adjustable gain factors.; . :

The input of the first scaling unit 1 is connected to the bus of the next signal. The output of the first scaling unit 1 is connected to the first input of the first switch 2 and the input of the second scaling unit 7. The control input group of the first scaling unit 1 is connected to the first output group of the control unit 6. The output of the second scaling unit 7 is connected to the input of the two-way signal limiter 8. The third input of the first switch 2 is connected to the output of the two-way signal limiter 8. The output of the first switch 2 is connected to the first input of the display 3. The output of the second switch 5 is connected (directly to the second input of the display 3. The input of the scan unit 4 is connected to the sync signal bus; the group of first control inputs of the scan unit 4 is connected to the group of second outputs of control unit 6. A group of second control inputs of scan unit 4 is connected to a group of third outputs of control unit 6, a group of first control inputs of a second scaling unit 7, and a group of first inputs of a symbol generator 9. Third control input of the scan unit 4 is connected to the fourth output of the control unit 6 and the second input of the sign generator 5. The first output of the scan unit 4 is connected to the first input of the second switch 5. The second output of the scan unit 4 is connected to the third input of the second switch 5. The third output of the scan unit 4 is connected to to the third input (input Z) of the display 3 The group of fourth outputs of the scan unit 4 is connected to the control inputs of the first and second switches 1 and 5. The third input of the sign generator 9 is connected to the fifth output of the control unit 6 and the second the second control input of the second scaling unit 7. The first exit of the iconic

generator 9 is connected to the second input of the first switch 2. The second output of the sign generator 9 is connected to the second input of the second switch 5.

.. Bv the composition of the first block .1 is scaled in and out and it is p, atge nu ator, with 10: which orb: exist; and z m e and e nye ur av in one signal, and a wide-range amplifier type OE-OB. The first scaling unit 1 is controlled by a digital code from the first output of the control unit 6; This Kbfl nocfyhaex

1 n a: a diffuser, which is nevertheless: the magite is installed directly; the contact is switched on (relay) of the attor of the atom in accordance with the selected value of the deviation coefficient (Volt / division). This is the case with Shchestvlivaetsya;. In all modern oscilloscopes with microprocessors. The first switch 2, the structural diagram of which is shown in FIG. 2a, includes: two ideymmetric switches, included in series, and two converters asymmetrically, which are in the meter. ych hh .. Prych; which serve to transmit symmetric (paraphase) signals, for convenience, are shown in FIG. 5 c. the form of tires. A symmetric switch circuit is shown in FIG. B AO (p. 132) in the work. Each conversion is a body of her: m meter y Tn si gn a / Ha v; It is based on a differential amplifier stage. Switch 2 is controlled by signals; once the NaiO CiAVi MH of the fourth output of block 4 is deployed, depending on the set operating mode G /; ;; .

The 3V display contains a 12L01I cathode ray tube, a sub-amp amplifier and a high-voltage power supply unit and tubes, cas. vertical deviation control unit (terminal amplifier Y) and control cascade: Н and horizontal deviation (terminal amplifier X), which, except ford,

  ,, --- t: - - ““ ..-- ... -.: -.: -

converts an unbalanced razrtrz signal into a symmetric signal fed to; Put us on the tube. At the same time, the white / yellow input of the vertical deviation control cascade is the first input of the display 3, and the inputs of the horizontal deviation control cascade and the backlight amplifier are inputs X and 2 of the display Cc respectively (Fig. 1).

The sweep unit 4 includes a synchronization and sweep triggering device: ki; main and delayed sweep generators. The sweep unit 4 also includes a switch for selecting the operating mode of the oscilloscope (full image of the signal or its stretched fragment), which generates control codes for comm;

5 tators 2, 5. The device and operation of the generators of the main and delayed sweeps are described in the work. In addition, the structure of block 4 scan includes

 driver of illumination pulses of the main and delayed sweeps. Switching of the timing of the generator driving circuits

 main and delayed sweeps; sotl s. using a decoder, a digital code coming from the second output 15 of the control unit 6. In this case, the delayed sweep generator, in addition to the sawtooth voltage generator, also contains an amplifier with a switchable gain at its output (similarly

0 to that; how to stretch 10

. in most oscilloscopes, for example

. € 1-114, C1-126, C1-128, etc.). Control

sawtooth generator

 delayed sweep

5. The same digital code (from the second output of the control unit 6) as the control of the main sweep coefficient. Control of the gain of the amplifier at the output of the delayed-oscillator generator

0 is produced using the code switch of the stretch factor, located. entered in the control unit 6 (third output). Stretching in this case is carried out, as usual, with the help of an amplifier of 5 L. . ;; / .., ..; /,: - ..

. The second switch 5 is made on a chip 564KP1 (Fig. 26). The control of the switch 5 is performed by the signals supplied to the inputs A1, A2

0 564KP1 chips from the fourth output

control unit b.

“The control unit 6 contains code switches: Volt / division - for controlling the first scale unit 1, 5. Time / Division - for control

block 4 main scan

sweep as well as code switch

 -for setting the stretch factor

vertical and horizontal, i.e. for controlling the second scaling unit 7, the delayed-delay generator of block 4 and the symbol generator 9, respectively. Control of the main modes of the oscilloscope, including the deviation factors and

5, in most modern oscilloscopes, code switches are used. Thanks to this, there is no need to switch the broadband signals operating in the oscilloscope (the studied signal, e-sweep, backlight, etc.). directly from the front panel, which eliminates their distortion.

In the control unit 6, there are also variable resistors, with the help of which the label-) p of the rectangle is shifted vertically and horizontally. The vertical rectangle marker displacement resistor also changes the constant 1-day signal at the output of the second block of 7 mesoscaling according to the displacement of the rectangle mark on the e-display 3. The horizontal marker displacement resistor The rectangle also serves to set the appropriate delay in the start of the delayed sweep generator. In this case, the first one of the output of the outputs of the control unit 6 is the output of the Volt / division switch, the second group is the output of the Time / division switch, the third group is the output of the code switch for setting the stretch factor, the fourth output is the output of the variable resizing resistor of the rectangle marker horizontally, the fifth exit is the vertical exit of the marker mixing.

The second scaling unit 7 contains a differential amplifier with a switchable gain (e.g., 2, A, 8, etc.) and a decoder for converting the digital code into the amplifier signal. In this case, the change in the constant component of the output signal of the second scaling unit (p) of the differential amplifier (balance) (7) is carried out using the vertical resistor included in the control unit 6.

I Two-way signal limiter 8 is a differential cascade with two-way limiter. If the illograph uses digital processing of the signal under investigation, then in this case 2, two-way signal limitation is carried out in digital form, for example, using a microprocessor that blocks the passage of a digital code corresponding to the vertical position of the signal image outside the screen display 3.

The multivibrator 10, which is part of the iconic generator 9, is made on the basis of the 564LN2 microcircuit, contains an RC master circuit, and operates in an auto-oscillatory mode.

The binary counter-divider 11 contains two series-connected triggers and is executed on the 564TM2 microcircuit.

The decoder 12 is made on four 5 And elements (564LA7 chip and is used to decrypt the four possible states of the counter-divider). The output signals of the decoder 12 are shown in FIG. 46.. .,.

0 Integrators 13. 14 are made on transistors of various types of conductivity. Their circuit diagrams (Va-Ve transistors) are given in the work.

Amplifiers 15, 16 with an adjustable gain of 5 are made similarly to the second scaling unit 7 and differ from negros only in a narrower bandwidth. The constant components of the output signals of the amplifiers 15, 16 are changed using bias resistors vertically and horizontally, respectively (by unbalance of the differential stage).

The oscilloscope has two modes of operation.

5 In the first mode, using the main sweep generator, a complete image of the signal under investigation is formed on the display screen 3, and in the second mode, using the delayed sweep generator 0, a stretched image of its fragment. Moreover, simultaneously with the full image of the signal under investigation, a rectangle marker is formed on the screen of the oscilloscope with sides proportional to the 5 corresponding sides of the screen, which covers the portion of the signal to be stretched (Fig. 4a). The formation of the full image of the signal occurs as a result of the influence of the signal under study on the first input (input Y) of the display 3 through the first scaling unit 1 and the first switch 2. At the same time, the main scan signal from the first output of the scan unit 4 affects the second input (input X ) the display 3 through the second switch 5. In this case, the transmission coefficient of the first scaling unit 1 is set so that the image of the signal under study takes up

0 most of the oscilloscope screen vertically. The formation of a rectangle marker occurs as a result of the action of the signal from the first output of the sign generator 9 on the first input of the display

5 3 through the first switch 2 simultaneously with the influence of the signal from the second output of the sign generator 9 on the second input of the display 3 through the second switch 5. Joint appearance on the screen of the full

The image of the signal under investigation and the rectangle marker is achieved by alternately switching the first and second inputs of switches 2, 5 to their outputs. Switching switches 2, 5 in this mode to one or another position occurs at the end of the main sweep during the reverse beam path when the sawtooth voltage is blocked. In this case, the duration of the backlight pulses that illuminate the full image of the signal and the marker is determined by the duration of the main scan. Similarly, two signals are displayed in a two-channel single-beam tube oscilloscope. ..

The rectangle marker in the image of the signal under investigation (Fig. 2a) is formed by the deflecting voltages Uy and Ux (Fig. 4a), which create a rectangle on the oscilloscope screen. To this end, a pulse train (Fig. 46) is generated in the sign generator 9, which, with the help of integrators (Fig. 3), is converted to the deviating voltage Uy and Ox (Fig. 3a). Since the signals generated by the sweep unit 4 and the sign generator 9 are not synchronous, a uniform illumination of the proto-marker is provided over a plurality of sweep strokes.

A sequence of pulses (Fig. 46) that control the operation of the sign generator 9 (Fig. 3) is generated using a decoder 12 connected to the output of the counter-divider (in Fig. 4) 11. The counter-divider 11 is started by the multivibrator 10. Deflecting The voltages Uy and Ux (Fig. 4a), which create tubes on a rectangle on the screen, are formed using integrators 13, 14 (Fig. 3) controlled by the mentioned pulses Uy +, Uy-, Ux +, Ux ( Fig. 4). The work of the iconic generator is decommissioned in detail. The amplitudes of the deflecting voltages Uy and Ux, which determine the dimensions of the sides of the rectangle marker, are set by amplifiers 15, 16 with adjustable gain factors ..

When the operator turns on the stretching mode of the signal fragment of interest (Fig. 4), the second switch 5 connects to the second input (input X) of the display 3 a delayed scan signal from the second output of the scan unit 4. In this case, the first switch 2 supplies the test signal to the first input (input Y) of the display 3, which, after the first scaling unit 1, also passed through the second scaling unit 7 and a two-way signal limiter 8. Thus, when observing the full image and the marker, the switches 2, 5 alternately connect (for the duration of the forward sweep) to the display

3, the signals arriving at the first and second inputs of the switches 2, 5. When a stretched image of the signal is observed, the signals arriving at the third inputs of the switches 2, 5 are constantly fed to the display 3.

At the same time, the amplified (extended) signal under study acts on the third input of the first switch 2, and the delayed sweep signal acts on the third input of the second switch 5. The horizontal stretching coefficient of the observed fragment is determined by how many times the rate of rise of the sawtooth voltage of the delayed scan is greater than the main one.

The vertical stretching coefficient of the observed fragment is determined by the transmission coefficient of the second scaling unit 7. As indicated previously, the gain of the first scaling unit 1 is set so that the image of the signal occupies the largest possible portion of the screen vertically. The gain of the second scaling unit 7 is always greater than one. Therefore, in the stretch mode, the image of the signal amplitude, as a rule, exceeds the screen size vertically, i.e. the amplitude of the signal at the output of the second scaling unit 7 is outside the dynamic range of the vertical deviation control cascade of the display 3. Exposure to the input of the display 3 of a signal exceeding its dynamic range usually causes distortion of the signal image on the display 3, for example, as in an analog and prototype. A technical contradiction between the amplitude of the signal in the stretching mode and the permissible input range of the display vertically is resolved using a two-way signal limiter 8, which is turned on at the output of the second scaling unit 7. The limiter 8 provides a two-way input signal limitation in this way

so that at its output the signal does not go beyond the specified levels. In this case, the restriction levels are selected so that the vertical size of the signal image slightly exceeds the vertical

screen size, but the vertical deviation control cascade of the display 3 was not saturated. This eliminates the saturation mode of the cascade control vertical deviation of the display 3, and

therefore, deformation of the image of the signal on its screen.

It should be noted that the excess signal; Scrap of the input range of the display 3 at the second input (input X) does not distort the image of the non-trace signal on the screen of the display 3.

It is explained by the fact that the rate of change of the sweep signal on the rising section of the sawtooth voltage Cf is comparatively low, and the control stage HV

Hi

horizontal deviation The display always manages to exit saturation mode by the time the beam hits

Ek Ean display 3. After the decline, sawtooth 15

go

signal where the rate of change of the signal

great, the mentioned cascade manages to exit and; saturation mode for the time of the reverse beam qsd (sweep blocking time).

The deviation and sweep coefficients, as well as the vertical and horizontal stretch coefficients, are set by the corresponding switches that are provided in the control unit 6. The tc and bias controls are also there.

vertical and horizontal (variables

t BV

Hi Hi PS

resistors). In this case, horizontal displacement is achieved by adjusting the delay start delay time in block 4 (as in all oscilloscopes with delayed sweep). In this case, the amplification factors of the amplifiers 15, 16

(F

1g 3) are set inversely proportional to the coefficient K. The spread of the signal image (Fig. 2a). This is explained by A. that the sizes of the fragments of the image of the studied signal covered by the rectangular marker, the smaller, the larger the coefficient K of the image stretching

mustache

are the same signals (digital kochi), which set the coefficient of 1 rendering of the second scaling unit 7

. Therefore, the control of the coefficients of the rotation of the amplifiers 15, 16 (Fig. 3) is carried out; mustache

and the gain of the amplifier at the output of the delayed sweep generator in black 4. This achieves a correspondence between the sizes of the fragment covered by the rectangular marker and the sizes of the fragment displayed on the oscilloscope screen in the stretching mode. Correspondence of the location of the fragment covered by the label on the signal under investigation to the fragment observed on the screen in the stretch mode (Fig. 2) is ensured by the vertical displacement of the stretched portion (about block 7) and the delayed delay start (in block 4) are carried out using the same variables re5

10

5

0

5

0

5

0

5 0 5

resistors, as well as the offset of the rectangle marker (when observing the full image of the signal). In this case, the displacement of the marker is direct and horizontal, both vertically and horizontally, by changing the constant component of the wave signals of the amplifiers 15, 16, respectively (included in the sign generator 9).

When preparing the proposed oscilloscope for studying the fine structure of the signal, the operator first switches on the mode in which the full image of the signal being studied is displayed on the oscilloscope screen instead of with a rectangle marker. Observing the complete image of the signal, the operator visually determines the portion of the signal whose fine structure needs to be examined. After that, the operator, by means of variable resistors located on the control unit 6, moving the rectangle marker vertically and horizontally, and the stretch factor switch (which sets the dimensions; marker of the cemetery), ensures that the marker - the rectangle completely covers the shaft of the fragment of interest to the operator, and turns on the stretching mode. In this mode, he observes a selected signal fragment stretched across the entire screen (vertically and horizontally), which allows one to study its fine structure. Stretching the image and forming the marker is carried out electronically, therefore, a good match is achieved between the fragment covered by the marker on the full image of the signal and its stretched image.

Improving the convenience of working with an oscilloscope when examining the fine structure of the signal is achieved due to the fact that the installation of the region of interest of the signal to be stretched along both axes is carried out when observing its full image, and not blindly, as in known devices. As a result, additional adjustment after turning on the stretch mode and repeated switching of the stretched and unstretched image modes, as in the analogue and prototype, are not required. Improving the convenience of the rocket with the device is confirmed by the reduction in the time it takes to stretch the signal fragment of interest to the entire screen of the oscilloscope along both axes. stretching the desired fragment on both axes. ; .; ..:.,. ; : ... /; ..

As shown by experimental verification of the layout of the proposed oscilloscope; the time of combining the rectangle marker with the fragment of interest in the images with the subsequent stretching of the fragment in both modes is approximately s (in prtrtigg this time is 2-2.5 min). Thus, thanks to the introduction of the proposed connections, the time required to prepare the oscilloscope for the study; a sig nificant signal structure is reduced by 4 and times.

We accept and accept the installation of an intact-Shchegr fragment when observing already; a stretched image

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(like the prototype). However, if due to careless actions of the operator, when the extended image is shifted, the latter disappears from the oscilloscope screen, then, unlike the Prototype; the operator is not looking for the lost

the image is blind, but it turns on the half-ogre image mode combines the scribbler I with the fragment of interest to him and: returns to the stretched mode and continues to view the stretched image. As a result, the proposed oscilloscope provides a wrong / 1b (cf (Reducing the preparation time of the device for the first time to reduce the fine structure of the signal, np and shortens the time of direct study of this structure, for example, if it is necessary to view the signal over its long length).

F 6; rmu l and zob r no; ;

RSC illgraph, containing the first Scaling unit, the input of which is median with the bus of the signal under study, and the output is with the first input of the first switch, the output is from DCTi is connected to the first input of the switch, the second input of the second input is not connected - the house of the second Switch is a scan unit whose input is connected to the synchronization signal, the first and second outputs - with the first and third inputs of the switch, respectively, the third output - with the third input of the display; a group of fourth outputs - with a group of control inputs of the first and second switches, a control unit, a group of first outputs of which is connected to a group of control inputs of the first scaling unit, a group of second outputs - with a group of first control inputs of a scanner, a group of third outputs - with a third the control input of the scan unit, which means that: in order to reduce the preparation time of the oscilloscope for work when studying the three-dimensional structure of the signal under study. the second scaling unit, a two-way limiter: signal and sign (generator, the group of the first inputs of which are connected to the group of third outputs of the control unit and to the group of the first balancing inputs of the second scaling unit, the second input to the fourth output of the control unit, the third input to the fifth output of the control unit and the second control input of the second scaling unit, the first output to the second input of the first switch, and the second output to which the input of the second switch, while the input of the second and scaling the first output is connected to the scaling unit and the output - to the input of bilateral restrictor signal, the output of which is connected to the third input of the first switch.