RU179186U1 - Device for removing gaseous laser cutting products - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of removal of gaseous products during laser processing and can be used for laser cutting of organic sheet materials. The technical result is a simplification of the design. Achieved by the fact that the device for removing gaseous products from laser cutting contains a set of parallel boxes placed under the processed material, equipped with means of pumping air out of them and an additionally fixed set of nozzles for alternately supplying compressed air to the boxes with their ivopolozhnoy sides of placing the air pumping means. 1 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of laser processing and can be used to remove gaseous products arising from the laser cutting of organic sheet materials.

The prior art installation for laser processing is known (RU 75601, B23K 26/08 (2006.01), published on 08/20/2008 [1]). Providing the installation with a means of supplying compressed air to the cutting zone ensures the removal, and thereby eliminating the possibility of ignition under the action of laser radiation of gaseous products arising during the cutting of materials such as plastic or wood. The means for supplying compressed air to the cutting zone is made in the form of two nozzles mounted on both sides of the processing zone with the possibility of their movement along one of the coordinates synchronously with the cutting head. In this case, the nozzle that is closer to the cutting zone is turned on. This allows you to reduce the flow rate of the required air to remove gaseous products that occur during processing, since the intensity of the air plume quickly decreases depending on the distance from the nozzle. In this case, the nozzles must move synchronously with the cutting head so that the air flow is directed to the cutting zone.

A disadvantage of the known installation is a significant deterioration in the removal of gaseous laser cutting products at a large distance from the edge of the processed sheet due to the expansion of the compressed air stream and a decrease in the gas flow rate, despite the presence of nozzles on both sides of the table. As a result, ignition of the accumulated gaseous products of laser cutting is possible, causing irreversible thermal deformation and even ignition of the processed organic sheet material.

A disadvantage of the known installation is the need for mechanical movement of the nozzles together with the supply air hoses synchronously with the cutting head, which will worsen the dynamics of the installation due to an increase in the reduced mass of the cutting head, or requires the use of a separate synchronous drive.

A table is known from the prior art for thermal cutting of sheet material (RU 2325251, B23K 7/10, published May 27, 2008 [2]), in which a device for removing gaseous and solid laser cutting waste is moved along with a portal including a laser cutter . The device for removing gaseous and solid waste of cutting is provided with a drive and includes a container for collecting solid waste of processing placed under the grating, placed with a gap in a casing open from above, mounted with the possibility of reciprocating movement parallel to the side walls of the frame, while the bottom of the casing is provided with at least one slotted nozzle parallel to the side walls of the frame and included in the slotted groove of the duct.

In a well-known thermal cutting table, laser products are effectively removed at relatively low cutting speeds. At high speeds, a massive device for removing gaseous and solid wastes will not keep pace with the movement of the laser cutter or will require an expensive and complex synchronous movement system.

The closest analogue adopted for the prototype is a table for thermal cutting of sheet metal (RU 105605, B23K 10/00, published 06/20/2011 [3]), which contains a device for removing gaseous cutting products, made in the form of two located along the long sides tables of ventilation ducts with windows blocked by dampers. Each box at one of the ends is connected to the ventilation device through the duct. The table is divided by partitions into ventilated sections that are connected to the ducts by holes. The openings of the sections are located opposite the corresponding windows with shutters made on the upper walls of the ducts and having an inclination of about 30 ° towards the table. In addition, the shutters are equipped with lever-traction units having a roller, motionlessly connected to each shutter and mounted on boxes opposite each hole. The opening of the ventilation windows of the ducts is carried out when hitting the rollers of the lever-traction units of contact skis, mounted on both sides by a thermal cutting machine.

In the well-known table, the removal of gaseous cutting products is quite efficiently carried out, which is true for low speeds of laser processing. At higher speeds, a significant number of interacting mechanical parts will lead to a deterioration in the dynamics of the table, low reliability and increased noise of the device.

Declared as a useful model, a device for removing gaseous products of laser cutting is aimed at simplifying the design.

This result is achieved in that the device for removing gaseous laser cutting products contains boxes and means for pumping air from them.

At the same time, the box device is formed by longitudinal vertical partitions mounted on a metal bottom and before the entrance to each box, on the opposite side of the air pumping means, a nozzle for supplying compressed air is installed. Each of the nozzles is equipped with an electro-pneumatic valve.

Distinctive features of the proposed device are:

- the ducts are formed by longitudinal vertical partitions mounted on a metal bottom

- before entering each box, on the opposite side of the air pumping means, a nozzle for supplying compressed air is installed;

- each of the nozzles is equipped with an electro-pneumatic valve.

The inventive device for removing gaseous laser cutting products contains nozzles for alternating supply of compressed air into the ducts mounted on one side of the processing zone, which greatly simplifies the design of the table. The alternate supply of compressed air into the ducts is easily carried out using electro-pneumatic valves known from the prior art, installed in front of each nozzle and controlled by a laser machine numerical control system. The jet stream formed at the outlet of the nozzle is directed into the duct and effectively involves the contaminated air generated in the duct as a result of laser cutting. The longitudinal duct formed by the above method is isolated from other similar parallel ducts; therefore, the air velocity remains almost unchanged along its entire length. This allows you to effectively use the inventive device for removing gaseous products of laser cutting, including on tables with large dimensions of the working field, which makes its use universal.

Moreover, the absence of moving mechanical parts allows you to maximize the dynamics of the table and simplifies its design.

The essence of the claimed utility model is illustrated by an example of its implementation and a drawing, which shows the main elements of the device and the principle of operation (Fig. 1).

The device comprises a laser table 1 with a sheet of processed material 2 mounted on it, on which a cut-out part 3 is schematically shown. Under the sheet 2 are boxes 4 formed on the sides by vertical metal plates 5, and on the bottom by a horizontal metal bottom 6, equipped with means for pumping air out of them 7 (shown by arrows). A crosshead 8 is installed above the table 1, having the ability to programmatically move in the direction indicated by the arrows 9, on which a cutter 10 is mounted, which is able to move along the crossarm in the direction indicated by the arrows 11. On the opposite side of the placement of the pumping means 7, nozzles 12 are installed for alternating supply of compressed air to the ducts. Each nozzle is equipped with an electro-pneumatic valve (not shown in the drawing) that opens and closes at the right time the air flow through the forum.

The device operates as follows. The laser beam using a laser cutter 10 mounted on the beam 8 with the ability to programmatically move along it in the directions indicated by arrows 11, focuses on the processed sheet material 2 and cuts it through. In turn, the traverse 8 has the ability to programmatically move relative to the table 1 with the processed material 2 in the direction indicated by arrows 9. Both of these programmed movements, controlled by a computer, allow laser cutting on a sheet material of the schematically shown blank 3 of a given shape. In this case, gaseous products of laser processing accumulate under the processed sheet material 2. In the case of cutting organic materials such as plastics, wood, plywood, these products, when mixed with air in certain proportions, form a combustible mixture that can catch fire under the influence of laser radiation. In addition, settling on the processed material, they cause its pollution. To remove the gaseous products of laser treatment, nozzles 12 are installed below the sheet of processed material 2, an air stream from which is alternately directed to one of the longitudinal boxes 4. formed from the sides by vertical metal plates 5 (their location under the processed sheet material is indicated by a dotted line), from below by a horizontal metal bottom 6, and from above with a sheet of the processed material 2. Injectors 12 during the laser processing under the control of electro-pneumatic valves alternately direct the jet of air spirit in every box. The jet stream formed at the outlet of the nozzles 12, 5 effectively involves the contaminated air located in the box, blows it out of the laser cut zone and blows it out until it leaves the box, where it is picked up by means for pumping air, for example, exhaust ventilation, indicated by arrows 7. Each of the longitudinal ducts 4 formed by the above method is practically isolated from other parallel ducts of the same type and, at a comparatively low total flow velocity, does not have any noticeable resistance gas movement. Thus, the box can have a considerable length, at least comparable to the size of standard sheets for laser cutting, which determine the necessary dimensions of the laser tables, while the air flow formed by the nozzle inside the box throughout its entire length remains almost unchanged and effectively contributes to the removal of laser processing products. The duration of the alternate turning on of the nozzles is chosen experimentally such that when the nozzle is turned on along each box, the contaminated air formed in it as a result of laser cutting is completely removed from the box by the air stream.

Claims (1)

A device for removing gaseous products of laser cutting, containing boxes and means for pumping air out of them, characterized in that the boxes are formed by longitudinal vertical partitions mounted on a metal bottom, with a nozzle installed at the entrance to each box on the opposite side of the means for pumping air for supplying compressed air with an electro-pneumatic valve.

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