RU1790432C - Filtering material for cleaning drinking water - Google Patents

Abstract

Usage: purification of drinking water from heavy metals, radionuclides and organic impurities. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: a filter charge contains a layer of fibrous material impregnated with metal ferrocyanides, a phosphate of an element of group IV and activated carbon in the form of separate layers or in a mixture with each other at a mass ratio of components (%): phosphate of an element of group IV of 50-80; fibrous material impregnated with metal ferrocyanide 3-15; activated carbon - the rest. 5 s.p., crystals, 1 tab.

Description

The invention relates to processes for the sorption purification of drinking water from toxic components, in particular, compositions for filtering drinking water, and can be used in water treatment and as a load in drinking water household filters.

A known composition of a filter material for treating drinking water, including birch activated carbon impregnated with silver. This composition provides the ability to remove chlorine from water, colloidal suspensions of iron, reducing the content of organic substances, eliminating extraneous odors and smack, cleaning from microorganisms,

The disadvantages of this composition are the need to use expensive and sufficiently toxic silver to impart the bactericidal properties of the filter, the impossibility of purifying water from toxic ions of heavy transition metals and radionuclides, and the low sorption capacity of the material for organic compounds.

Also known is the composition of the filter material for treating drinking water, comprising alternating layers of activated carbon and synthetic ion-exchange resins.

The disadvantages of this composition are the lack of bactericidal action, the low efficiency of purification from impurities of toxic heavy metal cations, and the impossibility of deep purification of radionuclides.

Closest to the invention is a composition of a filter material for treating drinking water, comprising two identical fibrous pads and a layer of activated carbon particles interposed therebetween.

The main disadvantage of this filtering material is its low leakage rate.

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stump of water purification from heavy metals and radionuclides.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the degree of purification of water from heavy metals and radionuclides.

This goal is achieved in that the filtering material for purification of drinking water, including activated carbon, and the fibrous material additionally contains phosphate of an element of group IV, the primary material is impregnated with phprO | 3, metal isnide, and the components are included in the composition material in the following ratio, wt.%:

Phosphate element

V group 50-80

Fibrous

metal ferrocyanide impregnated material 3-15

Activated

coal

Moreover, the filter material contains phosphate of an element of group IV and activated carbon in a mixture or in the form of separate layers; cellulose or synthetic fibers are used as the fibrous material in the composition; in addition, metal phosphates selected from the group consisting of titanium, zirconium, silicon, tin, or mixtures thereof, and possibly in peroxide form, are used in the composition; using a fibrous material that is impregnated with a ferrocyanide of a metal selected from the group consisting of Ca, MD, Zn, Cu, Fe, Ni, Co, Ti, Zr, or from a mixture of these metals with Na or K,

If the qualitative composition of the filter material is not observed and the numerical ranges of the component quantities are exceeded, complex cleaning cannot be ensured, and the cleaning efficiency for heavy metals and radionuclides is reduced. This is due to the fact that upon contact of a ferrocyanide fiber with phosphate of an element of group IV, an effect of an increase in the sorption activity of sorbents is observed. Apparently, in this case, redistribution of charges occurs in the double electric layer, which ensures an increase in the selectivity of sorbents to a number of toxic microimpurities. A layer of fibrous material helps remove suspended impurities and prevents clogging of the filter.

Example 1 A layer of a mixture of zirconium phosphate in peroxide form and activated carbon is loaded into a glass column at the bottom. The layer contains 50 g of charcoal.

and 140 g of zirconium phosphate. The layer is 8 cm thick. A layer of viscose impregnated with copper ferrocyanide (amount of viscose 10 g) is placed on top of this layer. The layer thickness is 2 cm. The resulting filter material is used to purify drinking water.

Example 2. At the bottom of the glass column, 50 g of coal 4 cm thick was loaded. A layer of zirconium phosphate in peroxide form was placed on top in an amount of 140 g. The layer was 4 cm thick. 10 g of viscose impregnated with copper ferrocyanide in an amount of 10 g was placed on this layer. The thickness of the layer is 2 cm. The resulting filter

The material is used to purify drinking water.

PRI me R 3. Through the filter obtained in example 1, pass 50 l of a model solution simulating contaminated

drinking water at a rate of 10 l / h. A model solution is prepared by introducing lead ions (0.15 mg / l-5PDK), Cs137 isotopes (Ci / l) into tap water (initial Ca content 40 mg / L, Mg 2t 10 mg / L) and

phenol (0.5 mg / l). The degree of purification of the model solution according to Pb2 + 98%, Cs137 99%, phenol 95%.

PRI me R 4. Through the filter obtained in example 2, pass 50 l of model

a solution simulating contaminated drinking water at a rate of 15 l / h. A model solution is prepared by introducing lead ions (0.15 mg / L 5 MPC), Cs137 isotopes (Ci / L) and phenol (0.5 mg) into tap water (initial Ca2 + 40 mg / L, Md2 10 mg / L). / l). The degree of purification of the model solution according to Pb2 + 97%, Cs137 99%, phenol 96%.

Data on the purification process and drinking water are given in the table.

Claims (6)

Formula of the invention 55 1. Filtering material for the purification of drinking water containing activated-. coal and fibrous material, characterized in that, in order to increase the degree of purification of water from heavy metals and radionuclides, it additionally contains phosphate of an element of group IV, the fibrous material is impregnated with metal ferrocyanide, and the components contain in the following ratio, wt.%: Phosphate element Group IV 50-80 Fiber material impregnated metal ferrocyanide 3-15 Activated coal 2. The material according to p. 1, characterized in that it contains a phosphate of an element of group IV and activated carbon in the form of separate layers or in a mixture with each other. 3. The material according to paragraphs. 1 and 2, characterized in that it contains cellulose or synthetic fibers as a fibrous material. 0 5 4. The material according to paragraphs. 1 and 2, distinguishing with. in that, as the phosphate of an element of group IV, it contains phosphate of titanium, zirconium, silicon, tin, or a mixture thereof. 5. The material according to paragraphs. 1, 2 and 4, and is distinguished by the fact that it contains the phosphate of group IV element in peroxide form. 6. The material according to paragraphs. 1 and 3, characterized in that the fibrous material is impregnated with a ferrocyanide of a metal selected from the group: calcium, magnesium, zinc, copper, iron, nickel, cobalt, titanium, zirconium. Table continuation