RU1784957C - Optical processor - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to optical information processing, in particular to the processing of radio signals, and computer technology. The aim of the invention is to reduce the size of the optical processor and increase the reliability of its operation. The goal is achieved in that the radiation source is made in the form of a line of light emitting diodes (L C), electrically connected to the control unit, the optical system for forming the radiation distribution is made in the form of a wedge-shaped multilayer plate (CMC) containing periodically alternating two layers of different thicknesses, the first the layer is necessarily light-conducting with a refractive index (PP) t, the second layer is reflective radiation and can be transparent with PP or opaque, for example metal, then the thickness of the transparent layer with the PP cc does not exceed a multiple of the period of placement of the sensitive elements of the CCD matrix, and the total thickness of the first and second layers is a multiple of the period of placement of the sensitive elements of the CCD matrix, the period of alternation of layers is a multiple of the period of the placement of LEDs in the line , the layers are perpendicular to the inclined face of the CMF, with the rectangular face of the CMF with a larger area facing the LS and parallel to it, and the LC, in front of which the lens raster can be located, is perpendicular to the layer of the CMF, to the inclined face of the CMP a reflective coating is applied, and the CCD matrix, which is electrically connected to the control unit, is located in immersion with the SC under the face of the CMC opposite the inclined face, the sensitive surface of the CCD matrix facing this face, and between the CMC and the CCD matrix in immersion a banner with a mask that can be moved is located; the image of the banner with a mask can be transmitted to the CCD using a fiber optic washer with a fiber diameter smaller than the size of the sensitive elements of the CCD. 8 s.p. f-ly, 4 ill. (L with XI 00 4 CHE SP XI

Description

The invention relates to optical information processing, in particular to radio signal processing and computer engineering.

An optical processor 1 is known, comprising a series-mounted radiation source electrically coupled to a control unit, an optical radiation distribution shaping system and a CCD matrix electrically coupled to a control unit.

The disadvantage of these processors is the large dimensions determined by the dimensions of the optical forming system

distribution of radiation, which usually contains several lenses, which indicates poor vibration protection of such systems and leads to a decrease in the reliability of their operation.

The closest in technical essence to the proposed optical processor is an optical processor 2, comprising a radiation source connected in series, electrically connected to a radiation unit, and an CCD array electrically connected to a control unit. The disadvantage of this optical processor is the large size of the optical system for forming a radiation distribution comprising several lenses, which determines the low vibration resistance of the processor and, therefore, reduces its reliability.

The aim of the invention is to reduce the size of the optical processor and increase the reliability of its operation.

This goal is achieved in that in a known optical processor comprising a sequentially installed radiation source, electrically coupled to a control unit, an optical radiation distribution shaping system and a CCD matrix, electrically coupled to a control unit, a radiation source in the form of a ruler light emitters, on the sensitive surface of the CCD array is a system for forming a radiation distribution, made in the form of a wedge-shaped multilayer plate containing periodically alternating two layers of different thicknesses, one of the two layers being light-conducting with a refractive index and the second layer reflecting radiation, the thickness of a transparent layer with a refractive index not exceeding the multiple of the placement period of the sensitive elements of the CCD matrix, and the total thickness of the first and second layers is a multiple of the period of placement of the sensitive elements of the CCD matrix, the period of alternating layers is a multiple of the period of placement of light emitters in the ruler, the layers are perpendicular to the inclined edge of the wedge an ovoid multilayer plate, with the rectangular end face of the wedge-shaped multilayer plate with a larger area facing the line of light emitters and parallel to it, and the line of light emitters is perpendicular to the layers of the wedge-shaped multilayer plate, a reflective coating is applied to the inclined face of the wedge-shaped multilayer plate, and the CCD located under the face of the wedge-shaped multilayer plate opposite the inclined face, and the sensitive surface of the CCD matrix is facing this face. The second layer can be made transparent with a refractive index or opaque, for example metallic. The gap between the wedge-shaped multilayer plate and the sensitive surface of the CCD matrix can be filled with immersion with a refractive index of PZ P1. A fiber optic washer can be installed between the wedge-shaped multilayer plate and the sensitive surface of the CCD matrix, the fiber diameter of which is less than the size of the sensitive element of the CCD matrix, and the gap between the wedge-shaped multilayer plate and the fiber washer is filled with immersion with a refractive index. Between the line of light emitters and the wedge-shaped multilayer plate, raster elements can be installed in the form of biconvex cylindrical lenses, which form parallel to the line of light emitters, the period of placement of lenses in the raster corresponds to the period of placement of light emitters in the line, and the distance between the line of light emitters and the raster is 0.5 ... 0.9 from the focal length of cylindrical lenses. Also, the raster can be made in the form of biconvex cylindrical lenses, which are formed parallel to the layers of the wedge-shaped multilayer plate, the period of placement of the lenses corresponds to the period of placement of the light emitters in the line, and the distance between the line of light emitters and the raster is 0.5 ... 0.9 from. focal length of cylindrical lenses. In addition, the raster can be made in the form of biconvex spherical lenses, the placement period of which corresponds to the period of placement of the light emitters in the line, and the distance between the light emitter line and the raster is 0.5 ... 0.9 from the focal length of the spherical lenses. Between the CCD matrix and the wedge-shaped multilayer plate in immersion, a transparency with a mask can be placed that can be moved along the sensitive surface of the CCD matrix. The transparency can also be located in immersion between the wedge-shaped multilayer plate and the fiber washer.

The implementation of the radiation source in the form of a line of light emitters and placement on the sensitive surface of the CCD matrix of the system for forming the distribution of radiation in the form of a wedge-shaped

a multilayer plate containing periodically alternating two layers of different thicknesses, with one of the two layers with a refractive index ni being reflective, the second layer reflecting radiation, the thickness of a transparent layer with a refractive index n does not exceed the size of the period of placement of sensitive elements CCD matrix, and the total thickness of the first and second layers is a multiple of the period of placement of the sensitive elements of the CCD matrix, the period of alternating layers is a multiple of the period of placement of light emitters in the line , the layers are perpendicular to the inclined face of the wedge-shaped multilayer plate, with the rectangular end face of the wedge-shaped multilayer plate with a larger area facing the parallel emitter line and parallel to it, the placement of the light emitters line is perpendicular to the wedge-shaped multilayer plate, drawing on the inclined wedge-shaped laminated plate placement of the CCD matrix under the face of the wedge-shaped multilayer plate opposite the inclined face, the treatment of the sensitive surface the CCD matrix to this face, filling the gap between the wedge-shaped multilayer face, filling the gap between the wedge-shaped multilayer plate and the sensitive surface of the CCD matrix with refractive index immersion, installing a light-fiber washer between the wedge-shaped multilayer plate and the sensitive surface of the CCD matrix, fiber diameter which is smaller than the size of the sensitive element of the CCD matrix with filling the gap between the wedge-shaped multilayer plate and the fiber optic washer with immersion showing refractor pz ni, installing a raster between the line of light emitters and a wedge-shaped multilayer plate with elements in the form of biconvex cylindrical lenses, which are parallel to the line of light emitters, the period of placement of lenses in the raster corresponds to the period of placement of light emitters in the line, and the distance between the light emitter line the raster is 0.5 ... 0.9 from the focal length of the cylindrical lenses, the raster is made in the form of biconvex cylindrical lenses, which form parallel layers m wedge-shaped multilayer plate, the period of placement of the lenses corresponds to the period of placement of light emitters in the ruler, and the distance between the line of light emitters and the raster is 0.5 ... 0.9 from the focal length of cylindrical lenses, the raster is made in the form of biconvex spherical lenses, the period of placement which corresponds to the period of placement of the light emitters in the line, and the distance between the line of light emitters and the raster is 0.5 ... 0.9 of the focal length of the spherical lenses,

0 placement between a wedge-shaped multilayer plate and a CCD (or fiber optic washer) in the immersion of a mask mask that can be moved along a sensitive

5 of the surface of the CCD matrix in comparison with the known method ensures the achievement of a new result - a reduction in the dimensions of the optical processor and an increase in the reliability of its operation. In connection

0 with this proposal meets the criterion of significant differences.

The study of scientific, technical and patent-. However, the literature did not allow us to determine the prominence of the proposed features; therefore,

5 proposal meets the criterion of novelty. In FIG. 1 is a general block diagram of an optical processor; in FIG. 2 is a structural diagram of an optical processor; in FIG. 3 - beam path in one of the transparent

0 layers in FIG. L shows the energy distribution of radiation over one of the lines of the sensitive surface of the CCD matrix. FIG. 1 are depicted; radiation source 1, control unit 2, radiation source 5, optical system for generating 3 radiation distribution, CCD array 4, control unit 5 of the CCD matrix,

In FIG. 2 shows: a line of light emitters 6, wedge-shaped multi-layer

0 plate 7, transparent layer 8 with refractive index n, second layer 9, CCD matrix 4, shift register 10.

The control unit of the radiation source 2 generates an electric signal on a line of light emitters b, which convert the signal to optical. In particular, for an aperture synthesized aperture optical data processor, the electrical signals represent

0 themselves are the response signals from successive sections of the range of the locator in range. The control unit divides the total response signal into parts, the number of which is determined by the number of channels in range

5 (i.e., by the number of elements in the row of the CCD or the number of co-emitters in the line, and feeds inconsistently to the light emitters. The light emitters can be LEDs or semiconductor lasers, as well as other micro-emitting

elements. The flowing radiation from each LED enters the corresponding transparent layers with a refractive index of 8 and penetrates into them. The second layer is made either transparent with a refractive index of P2 gp, or opaque - reflecting radiation, for example, metallic (silver, nickel or other coating). The angle of divergence of the light emitters is usually large and is greater than 100 degrees. The proximity of the light emitter line b to the rectangular end face of the wedge-shaped multilayer plate 7 with a larger area (see Fig. 2) and the correspondence (in the particular case of equality) of the periods of alternation of light emitters c) with the periods of the layers of the wedge-shaped multilayer plate ds and the sensitive elements of the CCD matrix d4 allow radiation to pass into the transparent layer with a refractive index a. For most applications of CCD matrices, the formation of different radiation distributions along the rows is typical (see, for example, the prototype), which requires equality of the total thickness of the first and second layers and the placement period of sensitive olemeites (in particular, rows) of the CCD matrix and not exceed the thickness of the transparent layer with refractive index be 8 of the placement period of the sensitive elements of the CCD matrix. However, for some applications of the proposed optical processor, the total thickness of the first and second layers may be crowned by the period of placement of the sensitive elements in the CCD matrix, i.e. equal to two, three, etc. periods, while the thickness of the transparent layer with a refractive index of 8, respectively, should not exceed two, three, etc. periods of the placement of the elements (rows) of the CCD. In this case, the period of alternation of the layers may be equal to the period of placement of the light emitters in the line or also a multiple of it, i.e. radiation from several light emitters will increase into the transparent layer with a refractive index ni to increase the signal level. The control unit in this case sends the same signal to such LEDs. .- - - - The second layer 9 may be made opaque, reflecting radiation, to separate the channels of radiation from individual light emitters. Because the thickness of the transparent layer with a refractive index of tens of micrometers, the angles of incidence of radiation on the edge of a single transparent layer are large

(counting is carried out from the normals to the surfaces of the faces — the angles of incidence are small for the entrance end of the transparent layer), which ensures that the conditions of complete internal

reflection in the manufacture of the second refractive index layer 9. This ensures the separation of the transmission channels of optical information, which is impossible in analogues and prototype,

If the angle of incidence of one of the light emitting rays on the input rectangular end of the wedge-shaped multilayer plate is equal to (see Fig. 3). then the angle of the past about a transparent layer with an indicator

the refraction of the beam

I arcsin nosin {#} / ni,

where Po is the refractive index of the medium between the line of light emitters and the wedge-shaped multilayer plate. The reflection coefficient from the input rectangular end of the wedge-shaped multilayer plate is determined by the expression:

Ri-ij

(0-Ф + д2 (в-Ф

 + F + f

3Q, and the intensity of the 1H ray passing through a transparent layer with a refractive index ni with respect to the initial radiation intensity (Jo is

35

Ui

The angle of incidence on the edge of the wedge-shaped multilayer plate opposite to the inclined angle (after re-reflection from the reflective coating with a reflection coefficient equal to 1 to simplify calculations, usually the reflection coefficient is close to this value) will be

45

F l / 2 -F-2 ".

where a is the angle of inclination of the face of the wedge-shaped multilayer plate.

The angle of the beam emerging from the transparent layer with a refractive index n is

/ arcsin m Ф} / пз.

If the energy loss in the optical system for generating the radiation distribution is not critical for the optical processor, then the refractive indices in and in can be equal. In order to ensure minimum losses and even distribution of radiation at the output, the following conditions must be met:, i.e. it is necessary to fill the gap between the wedge-shaped multilayer plate 7 and the sensitive surface of the CCD matrix by immersion.

The reflection coefficient from the output face is:

R2

1 I h),

+

2 1sin2 I + Ј

and the intensity of the output beam is U2.

The above expressions make it possible to calculate the radiation distribution at the output of the wedge-shaped multilayer 7 plate along transparent layers with a refractive index of 8 depending on the coordinates of the location of the light emitters relative to the lower edge of the rectangular end of the wedge-shaped multilayer plate x, y (see Fig. 3), the inclination of the axis of the diagram the direction of radiation of the light emitters relative to the input end of the wedge-shaped multilayer plate, the height of the rectangular end of the wedge-shaped multilayer plate h, indicators p refractions: n0, ni, pz, and the angle of inclination of the face of the wedge-shaped multilayer plate a.

Fig. 4 shows the distribution of the output radiation intensity (incident on the sensitive elements of the CCD matrix 4) along the transparent layer with the refractive index ni 8 (1) for the following parameters: n0 1, nn 1.5, nd 1.58, and 0.01 rad, x y 1 mm, h 20 mm (it is assumed that the second layer is made of metal with a reflection coefficient equal to unity) within the range of the angles of incidence of rays from light emitters in the plane of the layers: 0 40 ... 60 deg. The proposed radiation distribution shaping system makes it possible for each LED to provide uniform illumination of the row of sensitive elements of the CCD matrix 4 with the least loss. The size of the sensitive surface of the CCD array does not exceed 15 mm.

The wedge-shaped multilayer plate 7 (see Fig. 2) provides an independent transmission of radiation from each LED of the array and uniform illumination of the sensitive surface of the CCD matrix 4. This is achieved by the presence of an inclined reflective face of the wedge-shaped multilayer plate and a small divergence

5

0

5

Q p about

5 Q 5 Q

e

radiation incident on it. The small divergence is determined by the size of the sensitive surface of the CCD matrix, the refractive index ni of the transparent layer 8, and the geometric arrangement of the line of light emitters 6 relative to the wedge-shaped multilayer plate 7, which was discussed above.

The installation of a fiber optic washer close to the wedge-shaped multilayer plate 7 and the sensitive surface of the CCD matrix 4, the fiber diameter of which is smaller than the size of the sensitive element of the CCD matrix 4, allows the modulated emission of light emitters to be transmitted directly to the sensitive elements of the CCD matrix, which eliminates energy loss during glass passage the flask of the CCD matrix 4. To reduce the transmission errors of the mask transmission function, the size of the optical fibers should be three or more times smaller than the size of the senses itel elements of the CCD. The size of the sensitive elements of the CCD array is not less than 10 microns, and the diameter of industrial fibers can be 3 microns or less. In this case, the fiber-optic washer was hermetically inserted into the flask of the CCD array. The installation is closely explained by the large diffraction divergence of the radiation emerging from the fine fibers. To reduce energy loss, the gap between the fiber optic washer and the wedge-shaped laminated plate 7 is filled with immersion with a refractive index of ni. The small size of the fibers of the fiber washer is caused by the need to most accurately transmit the energy distribution of radiation at the exit of the wedge-shaped multilayer plate to the sensitive surface of the CCD matrix. This is especially important when placed between a fiber optic washer and a wedge-shaped multilayer plate in the immersion of a banner with a mask that can be moved along the sensitive surface of the CCD. In the absence of a fiber optic washer, the transparency with the mask should be located as close to the sensitive surface of the CCD as possible. However, the presence of a sealed flask of a CCD array prevents this alignment. This is usually overcome by constructing the image of the mask on the sensitive surface of the CCD with a lens (especially for masks with high spatial frequencies), which complicates the design of the processor and reduces the reliability of its operation.

In order to ensure a more complete emission of the light emitting from one LED into the corresponding transparent layer with a refractive index of 8 between the line of light emitters

6 and wedge-shaped multilayer plate

7 place a raster with elements in the form of biconvex cylindrical lenses, which are formed parallel to the layers of the wedge-shaped multilayer plate 7. The period of placement of the lenses is equal to the period of placement of the light emitters in the line, and the distance between the line of light emitters 6 and the raster is 0.5 .., 0, 9 from the focal length of cylindrical lenses. This ensures that the angle of incidence of the rays from the light emitters is reduced in the plane perpendicular to the wedge-shaped multilayer plate 7. In this case, the focal length of the lenses is chosen so that the width of the transparent layer incident on the end face with a refractive index of 8 from one LED is approximately equal to the thickness this layer In addition, the choice of the distance between the line of light emitters 6 and the raster equal to 0.5 ... 0.9 from the focal length of cylindrical lenses provides a small divergence of light emission recipients, which is necessary to illuminate the CCD line A.

Experimental and theoretical studies have shown that radiation most effectively penetrates into transparent layers, the divergence of which is about 20 degrees in the direction parallel to the layer. This is explained by a significant reflection of radiation from the front face of a wedge-shaped multilayer plate. Reducing the divergence of radiation in this direction with a raster of biconvex cylindrical lenses, which are perpendicular to the layers of the wedge-shaped multilayer plate 7, allows to increase the luminous efficiency of the device and significantly reduce the radiation energy loss. The period of placement of the lenses in the raster is equal to the period of placement of the light emitters in the line, and the distance between the line of light emitters and the raster is 0.5 ... 0.9 of the focal length of the cylindrical lenses. Such limits of the possible choice of distance make it possible to reduce the radiation energy loss when illuminating the rectangular end of the wedge-shaped multilayer plate 7.

A joint decrease in the divergence of radiation in both directions is achieved by using a raster with spherical

lenses. The choice of the distance between the line of light emitters and the raster is justified by the considerations given above.

Placement between CCD 4 and

a wedge-shaped multilayer transparency plate 7 with a mask (which can be a controlled spatial modulator), which can be moved along the sensitive surface of the CCD matrix, allows you to use the proposed optical processor for processing radio signals and computing

5 operations.

When using the proposed optical processor for processing radar data with a synthesized aperture (similar to the prototype), the mask has a transmission corresponding to a change in the phase of the received signal-response of the field of view depending on the distance to the targets and their position relative to the moving carrier. In this case, the azimuthal direction on the mask is perpendicular to the shift register of the CCD matrix 4, and the transparent layers with refractive index 8 of the wedge-shaped multilayer plate 7 provide illumination of the sensitive elements of the CCD matrix and mask in the range direction, in this case, the CCD matrix 4 should work in the time delay mode with accumulation (achieved by the CCD matrix control unit) to conduct azimuth correlation processing similar to the prototype. The need for the ability to move the mask in the plane of the sensitive surface of the CCD matrix 4 is explained by a possible change in geometry

0 carrier flight (by changing the flight altitude of the location of the field of view, etc.). In addition, by moving the mask, the effect of changing the linearity of the carrier course can be reduced.

5 The proposed optical processor also allows r to significantly increase the range resolution, which in known processors is determined by the number of CCD sensor elements in range and the size of the field of view in the same direction. Using the nth number of processors allows increasing by a factor of five the number of sensitive elements by using the nth number of CCD5 matrices. At the same time, the response signals of the viewing area received by the carrier should be divided into n parts in the same way. like a mask, in the direction of range, because processors will only have electrical communication, but otherwise independent of each other, then

each of them will retain its compactness and, therefore, vibration protection and reliability. The electrical connection of the n-processors must ensure the transmission and summation of information from all processors.

When using the proposed optical processor in computing, for example, to multiply a vector by a matrix, a signal corresponding to a vector element is supplied to each light emitter of the line, and the transmission of the mask corresponds to the arrangement of elements in the matrix. The CCD array reads or biases the received signals to enable mathematical operations.

The compactness of the proposed optical processor compared to the known ones (see also Avtometri. 1988, Mg 6, pp. 89-99) is obvious. Such a layout allows hard connection of individual processor elements and provides good noise immunity and, therefore, increases the reliability of the processor. In addition, the proposed optical processor, unlike the known ones, allows, without loss of noise immunity and reliability, to significantly expand the processing capabilities of various signals due to a quantitative increase in the number of optical processors. An increase in the number of known processors reduces the noise immunity and reliability by a factor of n (in terms of the number of processors used n) in comparison with a similar implementation in the prototype. In addition, in comparison with the prototype, in which the time duration of the processed radar signal is limited by the length of the acousto-optic cell operating in the modulator of laser radiation, the proposed technical solution allows for the processing of PCA signals to increase the duration of the processed signals and, therefore, increase the terrestrial field of view surface range.

Thus, the proposed technical solution allows to achieve the goal, is new and has significant differences.

Claims (9)

1. An optical processor comprising a radiation source in series, electrically coupled to a control unit, an optical radiation distribution shaping system, and a CCD array electrically coupled to a control unit, characterized in that, in order to reduce the dimensions of the optical processor and increase its reliability in operation, the radiation source is made in the form of a line of light emitters. the optical system for forming the radiation distribution is in the form of a wedge-shaped 5 multilayer plate containing periodically alternating two layers of different thicknesses, the first layer being necessarily reflective with a refractive index, and the second layer 0 - reflecting radiation, the thickness of the transparent layer with a refractive index ni does not exceed a multiple of the period of placement of the sensitive elements of the CCD matrix. and the total thickness of the first and second layers is a multiple of the period of placement of the sensitive elements of the CCD matrix, the period of alternation of layers is a multiple of the period of placement of light emitters in the ruler, the layers are perpendicular to the inclined 0 faces of the wedge-shaped multilayer plate, with the rectangular end face of the wedge-shaped multilayer plate with a larger area facing the light emitters line and parallel to it, and the line of light emitters 5 is perpendicular to the layers of the wedge-shaped multilayer plate, on the inclined face of the wedge-shaped multilayer plate, a C-reflective coating is applied, and a C-reflective coating is applied, the matrix is located under 0 by the face of a multilayer wedge-shaped plate opposite the inclined face, and the sensitive surface of the CCD matrix is facing this face. 2. The processor according to claim 1, with the exception of 5 so that the gap between the wedge-shaped multilayer plate and the sensitive surface of the CCD matrix is filled with immersion with a refractive index 0 3. The processor according to claims 1 and 2, with the exception of the fact that the second layer is made transparent with a refractive index . 4. The processor according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in 5 and with the fact that the second layer is made opaque, for example, metal. 5 The processor according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that between the wedge-shaped multilayer plate and the sensitive surface of the CCD matrix, a fiber optic washer is closely mounted, the diameter of the fibers of which is smaller than the size of the sensitive element of the CCD matrix, and the gap between the wedge-shaped multi-layer 5 a layer plate and a fiber optic washer is filled with refractive index immersion. 6. The processor according to claims 1-5, characterized in that between the line of light emitters and the wedge-shaped multilayer layer i a raster with elements in the form of biconvex cylindrical lenses, which are parallel to the line of light emitters, the period of placement of the lenses in the raster corresponds to the period of placement of light emitters in the line, and the distance between the light emitters line and the raster is 0.5-0.9 focal length of cylindrical lenses. 7. The processor according to claims 1-5. It is distinguished by the fact that between the line of light emitters and the wedge-shaped multilayer plate there is a raster with elements in the form of biconvex cylindrical lenses, which form parallel to the layers of the wedge-shaped multilayer plate, the period of the lenses corresponds to the period of placement of the light emitters in the line, and the distance between the line of light emitters and the raster is 0.5-0.9 focal length of cylindrical lenses, 8. The processor according to claims 1-5. characterized in that between the line of light emitters and the wedge-shaped multilayer plate there is a raster with elements in the form of biconvex spherical lenses, the placement period of which corresponds to the period of placement of light emitters in the line, and the distance between the light emitter line and the raster is 0.5 -0.9 focal lengths of spherical lenses. 9. The processor according to claims 1 to 8, characterized in that under the edge of the wedge-shaped multilayer plate opposite the inclined plate, in immersion with a refractive index there is a transparency with a mask that can be moved along the sensitive surface of the CCD matrix.  FIG. 2 Fmg. 1 Fig.Z U2 (e surface CCD Iatrnians