RU1783264C - Device for producing swelling material - Google Patents

Abstract

Usage: in construction, metallurgy and other industries, mainly for the production of vermiculite. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: at the bottom of a vertical tube furnace on opposite walls at an angle of ± 10 ° A two-wire burner is installed horizontally opposite or counter-biased to mix fuel and primary air in the refractory tunnels of the furnace walls. A tent-shaped reflector and receiving chambers are installed in the upper part of the furnace. The precipitation and exhaust chamber is connected in the lower part to the receiving chambers and is made with heat exchanger tubes installed in it along its height. The nozzle for supplying raw materials is made with the possibility of height adjustment. Heat transfer tubes are connected by pipelines to the burners. 2 s of f-ly, 3 silt (L C

Description

The invention relates to devices for the production of expanded material, mainly vermiculite, and can be used in construction, metallurgy and other industries.

A device is known for firing a mineral granular charge of the vermiculite type, comprising a vertical tube furnace with a long-flame nozzle and a nozzle for supplying raw materials in the center of the furnace, a conical reflector mounted to the receiving chamber divided into concentric sections above its upper part

The disadvantage of this device is the presence of a long-diffusion flame and the absence of its stabilization of the ignition source outside the nozzle at its outlet. This increases the risk of explosion and makes the operation of the device more difficult due to the tendency of the diffusion torch to detach when heat loads, mass and feed rate of the raw material into the furnace are caused, causing large non-uniform temperature and composition of the furnace gases along the height of the vertical channel, its slagging, reduces the quality and yield An increased volume of furnace gases is required the basics for pneumatic conveying of raw materials through a vertical channel, due to which the raw materials and expanded vermiculite undergo strong grinding to dust fractions. The disadvantages of this device also include the inefficiency of the cone reflector for returning large particles of raw materials to the vertical channel for additional recovery without any recycling flue gas heat

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Closest to the proposed invention is a small-sized vertical device for expanding vermiculite, containing a vertical tube furnace, in the lower part of which there is a device for feeding raw materials — a nozzle and a nozzle, and in the upper part a reflector made in the form of a tent arch and receiving chambers sedimentary exhaust chamber connected to receiving chambers

The disadvantages of this device:

1. The presence of a long-diffusion diffusion flame and the absence of its stabilization, which increases the explosiveness and the complexity of the operation of the device.

2 Large non-uniform temperature and composition of the furnace gas along the height of the vertical channel The vertical channel is not visible due to the optically opaque long flame and therefore it is difficult to control the condition of the masonry of the channel under the conditions of slagging.

3. The inability to carry out the process of expansion of finely divided raw materials with particle sizes less than 1.0 mm.

4. Reduced quality and productivity of expanded vermiculite due to large temperature irregularities and composition of furnace gases along the height of the vertical channel.

5. Increased grinding of particles of raw materials and expanded vermiculite to dust fractions in the vertical channel of the furnace due to increased volumes of furnace gases.

6. Increased fuel consumption and temperature of exhaust gases from the furnace.

7. The increased content in the exhaust gases of dust, harmful oxides of carbon and nitrogen. (H

The aim of the invention is to ensure explosion safety, uniform temperature and composition of the furnace gases, improving the quality and yield of the expanded material, reducing fuel consumption, and reducing harmful emissions of dust, carbon oxides and nitrogen.

This goal is achieved by means of a device for the production of expanded material containing a vertical tube furnace, in the lower part of which there is a nozzle and an integrated supply for raw materials, and in the upper part - a tent reflector and receiving chambers, and a precipitation-exhaust chamber connected to parts with receiving chambers. The device is equipped with two-wire burners located opposite or opposite to mix fuel and primary air in the refractory tunnels of the furnace walls, and the settling and exhaust chamber is made with it installed on it on the opposite walls of the furnace at an angle of ± 10 ° to the horizontal

height by heat exchange tubes, while the feed nozzle is adjustable in height, and the heat exchange tubes are connected by pipelines to the burners.

0 Fig. 1 is a device for the production of expanded material, a cross-section bB in Fig. 2; Fig. 2 is the same, a transverse section aa in Fig. 1; in Fig.Z - the same. river section BB in FIG. 1.

5 The device for the production of expanded material consists of a tubular vertical furnace 1 with a lining 2, thermal insulation 3 and a vertical channel 4, in the lower part of which are opposite

On the walls, two two-wire burners 5 are placed counter-or counter-biased at an angle of ± 10 ° to the horizontal to mix the fuel with the primary fan air Uch, which is supplied in an amount

5 40-70% of theoretically necessary, refractory tunnels b, acting as a stabilizer and the first stage of fuel combustion, an asymmetrically height-adjustable nozzle 7 dl

0 supply of raw materials with secondary compressed air U2 to the vertical channel 4 and afterburning in it at the second stage of products of incomplete combustion of fuel leaving the refractory tunnels 6, a flame control sensor 8,

5 automatic igniter 9, open opening 10 of the vertical channel 4, in the upper part there is a tent reflector 11, receiving cones 12, receiving chambers 13, temperature sensor 14 and vacuum 15

0 from the precipitation and exhaust chamber 16 with the gate-feeder 17 connected at the bottom to the receiving chambers 13 and containing heat exchange tubes 18 for heating part or all of the primary

5 of fan air U1 in the layer of expanded material, in the upper part there are heat-exchange tubes 19 for heating part or all of the fan air by the exhaust gases from the furnace 20 dL coil

0 heating of secondary compressed air U2 from the hopper 21 raw material, vibrator tray 22, waste receiver To intensify the heat transfer properties and increase the service life of the heat transfer tubes 18,19 content 5 g the internal secondary surfaces of the heat exchanger in the form, for example, of spirals made of metal bands Heat transfer tubes 18, 19 are individually removable, interconnected in a parallel or serial circuit B

In order to ensure optimum operating parameters of the device, depending on the characteristics of the feed and the size of the vertical channel, the height-adjustable nozzle 7 can move down and up with respect to the intersection of the axes of the burners 5 in the center of the vertical channel 4.

The operation of the device.

The automatic igniter 9 is turned on and the burners 5 are automatically ignited. Stabilization of the flame and the first stage — the fuel is burned by refractory tunnels 6, the primary fan air supplying to burners 5 40-70% of the theoretically necessary, opposite or opposite direction of the products of incomplete combustion fuel from burners 5, the second stage of fuel combustion - the afterburning stage - occurs in the volume of the vertical channel 4 due to the mixing of the secondary compressed air Uz from the nozzle 7 and some Secondary atmospheric air Uz entering through an open opening 10 of the vertical channel. When the vertical channel is heated to a predetermined temperature through the rarefaction sensor 15, only secondary compressed air Va is supplied through the nozzle 7 at a pressure of no higher than 0.1 MPa, the secondary atmospheric air enters through the open opening 10 depending on the vacuum in the vertical channel 4. After heating the vertical channel to 300-1100 ° C, the pressure of compressed air Uz increases more than 0.1 MPa. a vibrating tray 22 is turned on to supply raw materials from the hopper 21 to the nozzle 7, and from it to the vertical channel 4, the feeder is the shutter 17. A large kinetic energy, a stream of compressed air and raw materials from the nozzle 7, combined with atmospheric air Uz from the opening 10 into the burning site of torches from refractory tunnels, 6, is mixed symmetrically with them and, after burning products of incomplete combustion, actively absorbs excess heat in the lower part of the vertical channel, thus equalizing the temperature along its height, provides power to the particles of raw materials in the blast cured state, drying and swelling over the entire volume of the vertical channel at constant temperatures and composition of the furnace gases. The swollen material, having acquired a high windage, is carried by the exhaust gases to the receiving chambers 13 and then to the sedimentary and exhaust 16. The large and heavy particles of the raw material, having received the greatest impulse at the exit from the nozzle, reach the tent-shaped reflector 11 faster than small ones, impact are bent with it and bouncing on the receiving cones 12, then roll into d, the regular channel for additional expansion. The waste rock falls out through the open opening 10 into the waste receptacle 23. In the sedimentary-exhaust chamber 16, under the action of inertial-gravitational forces, the expanded material falls down from the exhaust gases, the exhaust gases with dust fractions are directed upwards

10 under the influence of hydrostatic and hydrodynamic forces. The expanded material contacts in the layer with the heat exchange tubes 18, the exhaust gases - with the heat exchange tubes 19 and the coil 20, as a result of which the primary fan air U and the secondary compressed air U2 are heated.

Example. The device for expanding material is made of vertical

0 a tube furnace with chamotte brick lining and thermal insulation from expanded vermiculite and a vertical channel with a cross-sectional dimension of 250x250 mm; in the lower part of the furnace, two turbulent GNP-ZAP burners opposed at a horizontal angle of 5 ° to the horizontal and mounted refractory tunnels, on one of the adjacent walls - a gas electric fuse type E.Z, a sensor

0 flame control type K.Z., a nozzle for supplying raw materials, for example finely divided fractions of raw materials with particle sizes of 0-0.8 mm in the Potaninsky field, at a distance of 150 mm above the intersection of the axes of the burners in the center of the vertical channel, and in the upper part - a tent reflector, receiving cones, receiving chambers, chromel-alumel

0 temperature sensor and vacuum sensor. Individually removable heat exchangers are mounted in a precipitation-exhaust chamber with a gate feeder along the paths of the movement of expanded material and exhaust gases

5 tubes with a diameter of 2 for heating the primary fan air and a coil of pipes 1/2 for heating the secondary compressed air. Heat exchanger tubes for heating the primary fan

The air contains internal secondary heat exchange surfaces in the form of spirals of metal strips 1.0 mm thick to increase heat transfer and the service life of the tubes. Experimental tests showed explosion5, safety, noiselessness and ease of use of the device. The temperature difference in the volume of the vertical channel does not exceed ± 20 ° C, which excludes its slagging. The entire channel is evenly warmed up and well visible to monitor the state of its masonry. At temperatures of 600-650 ° C or less, high quality expanded vermiculite is produced. Productivity of the device is increased by 1.5-2.0 times, fuel consumption is reduced by 2.0-2.5 times.

This device is also recommended for drying and swelling of finely dispersed and fine-grained fractions of raw materials with particle sizes of 0-15 mm at temperatures of 100-1100 ° C.

Claims (3)

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 1. A device for the production of expanded material, comprising a vertical tube furnace, in the lower part of which there is a nozzle and nozzle for supplying raw materials, and in the upper part, a tent reflector and receiving chambers, and a precipitation exhaust chamber connected to the lower part receiving cameras, characterized in that, in order to ensure explosion safety, uniform temperature and composition of the furnace gases, improving the quality and yield of expanded material, reducing fuel consumption, reducing harmful emissions of dust, carbon oxides and nitrogen, it is equipped with two-wire burners located opposite or opposite to the horizontal installed on the furnace walls at an angle of ± 10 ° to the horizontal counter-biased to mix fuel and primary air in the refractory tunnels of the furnace walls, and the precipitation chamber is made with heat-exchange tubes installed in it along its height. 2. The device according to claim 1, wherein the nozzle for supplying raw materials is adjustable with height. 3. The device according to claim 1, distinguished by the fact that the heat exchange tubes are connected by pipelines to the burners. / Jf {5 & & 23 F / .sg. / f FIG. 2 6