RU177983U1 - TOOLS FOR BASIC SOIL TREATMENT - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to implements for basic tillage. An instrument for primary tillage includes a frame, a device for connecting to a tractor, a control mechanism, support wheels, and working bodies. The working bodies are mounted on the frame staggered in two tiers. A roller prefix is fixed to the rear part of the gun’s frame, containing a frame, grinding and rolling rollers, rods with springs. The grinding roller contains an axle and disk rippers. Disc rippers are mounted on the axis of the grinding roller at regular intervals, and figured recesses are made along the periphery of the disc rippers. The vertices located between the figured recesses are made triangular and directed in different directions from the geometric axis of rotation of the disk cultivators. The packer roller contains an axle, side and intermediate discs. Side and intermediate discs are mounted on the horizontal axis at regular intervals in the horizontal plane. Riping elements are installed around the circumference of the lateral and intermediate disks of the press roller with equal angular pitch, having a cross-section in the form of an equilateral triangle, and the loosening elements are rigidly fixed along the periphery of the side and intermediate disks, and the sharp vertices of the loosening elements are directed in different directions from the geometric axis of rotation of the press This design of the implement for the main processing will improve the quality of the soil treatment.

Description

The utility model relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to implements for basic subsurface tillage.

Known tool for primary tillage [Tool for layered tillage. Patent RU No. 120319. Publ. 09/20/2012, bull. No. 26], including a frame, support wheels, a control mechanism and working bodies, which are mounted on the frame in a staggered manner in two tiers.

However, the known tool has a disadvantage, which can be attributed to the unsatisfactory quality of the soil treatment, in particular the low quality of rolling and destruction of the lumps of soil by the roller.

The technical result of the utility model is improving the quality of tillage.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that with the rear part of the gun’s frame, a roller attachment is fixed, containing a frame, grinding and rolling rollers, rods with springs. The grinding roller contains an axle and disk rippers. Disc rippers are mounted on the axis of the grinding roller at regular intervals, and curly notches are made on the periphery of the disc rippers. The vertices located between the curly recesses are triangular and guided in different directions from the geometric axis of rotation of the disk cultivators. The packer roller contains an axle, side and intermediate discs. Side and intermediate discs are mounted on a horizontal axis at equal intervals in the horizontal plane. Around the circumference of the side and intermediate disks of the packer roller with equal angular pitch, ripping elements are installed, in cross section having the shape of an equilateral triangle. The ripping elements are rigidly fixed around the periphery of the side and intermediate disks, and the sharp tops of the ripping elements are directed in different directions from the geometric axis of rotation of the packer roller.

In FIG. 1 shows a tool for basic tillage, side view, in FIG. 2 - a working body of the upper tier, side view, in FIG. 3 - working body of the upper tier, top view, in FIG. 4 - roller prefix, top view.

The main tillage tool contains a frame 1, a device 2 for connecting to a tractor, control mechanisms 3, support wheels 4, working bodies 5 and 6. Working bodies 5 and 6 are mounted on frame 1 in a staggered manner in two tiers. The working bodies 5 of the lower tier contain a stand 7 and a flat-cutting paw 8. The working bodies 6 of the upper tier contain a stand 9, a flat-cutting paw 10, rippers 11, brackets 12 and an axis 13. In cross section, the rippers 11 have a diamond shape. The brackets 12 are rigidly fixed with the wings of the plane-cutting paws 10. The axis 13 is installed in the brackets 12. The rippers 11 are mounted on the axis 13 with the possibility of changing their position in the vertical plane together with the axis 13 and fixing in the required position with nuts 14, turned on opposite ends of the axis 13. In cross section, the rippers 11 are diamond-shaped. The ends of the cultivators 11 are directed in the direction opposite to the direction of the implement for the main tillage. The holes 9 are made on the rack 9. The working bodies 6 of the upper tier are mounted on the frame 1 with the possibility of adjusting the distance between the lower edges of the wings of the plane-cutting paws 10 and the lower points of the support wheels 4. The necessary position of the working bodies 6 in height relative to the lower points of the support wheels 4 is regulated by the movement of the racks 9 “up and down” on the frame 1, until the required holes 15 of the racks 9 coincide with the holes of the frame 1, and are fixed in the required position by bolts (not shown in the figure).

With the back of the frame 1 of the gun through the brackets 16 is fixed roller prefix 17.

Roller attachment 17 contains a frame 18, grinding 19 and rolling 20 rollers, rods 21 with springs 22.

The chopping roller 19 contains an axis 23 and disk rippers 24. The disk rippers 24 are mounted on the axis 23 of the grinding roller 19 at regular intervals, and figured recesses 25 are made on the periphery of the disk rippers 24. The vertices 26 located between the figured recesses 25 are triangular and directed to different sides of the geometric axis of rotation of the disk cultivators 24.

Packing roller 20 contains an axis 27, side 28 and intermediate 29 discs. Side 28 and intermediate 29 discs are mounted on the axis 27 at regular intervals in the horizontal plane. Around the circumference of the lateral 28 and intermediate 29 disks of the rolling roller 20 with equal angular pitch, ripping elements 30 are installed in the cross section in the form of an equilateral triangle, the ripping elements 30 being rigidly fixed around the periphery of the lateral 28 and intermediate 29 disks, and the sharp vertices of the ripping elements 30 are directed in different directions from the geometric axis of rotation of the packer 20 roller.

The roller attachment 17 is installed with the ability to copy the relief of the field surface and regulate the pressure on the soil surface.

The tool for primary tillage works as follows.

Previously, the implement is coupled to the tractor by means of device 2. The working bodies 5 and 6 are placed on the frame 1 in a checkerboard pattern in two tiers, two rows in each tier. The adjustment mechanisms 3 set the required overhang of the support wheels 4 relative to the lower edges of the wings of the flat-cut legs 8. As a rule, this distance is 30 ... 35 cm, which is enough for the flat-cut legs 8 to destroy the plow sole formed after the soil is processed by dump plow plows. Then, by moving the strut 9 "up and down" on the frame 1, the distance between the lower edges of the wings of the plane-cutting legs 10 and the lower point of the support wheel 4 is adjusted. As a rule, this distance does not exceed 16 cm. By moving the nuts 31 along the rods 21, the compression force of the springs 22, thereby achieving the necessary pressure roller units 17 on the soil.

When moving implements for the main tillage with buried working bodies 5 and 6, flat-cutting legs 8 loosen the soil and destroy the plow sole. In addition to loosening the soil, flat-cutting paws 10 cut weeds located in the upper (fertile) soil layer. In addition, the soil layer descending from the wings of plane-cutting paws 10 is additionally subjected to crumbling with rippers 11 mounted on the axis 13 and with a sharp edge facing the direction of movement of the unit.

The grinding roller 19, which rotates behind the working bodies 5, copies the topography of the field surface and crushes the soil lumps in a vertical direction (“from top to bottom”) by disk cultivators 24 to the required depth. In this case, the triangular peaks 26 of the disk cultivators 24 penetrate the soil to a certain depth, destroy the lumps of the soil, and contribute to high-quality loosening of the upper soil layer.

Next, a rotating rolling roller 20 copies the relief of the field surface and the loosening elements 30 break up the soil lumps while simultaneously compacting the field surface, preventing spraying of the upper humus soil layer. Moreover, the maximum size of the destroyed soil lumps will not exceed the minimum size of soil lumps allowed by the agrotechnical requirements for sowing.

After the gun passes through the field, the plow sole is destroyed, the top soil layer is compacted to the required size and has a small crumbly structure, and the maximum size of the destroyed soil lumps does not exceed the minimum size of the soil lumps allowed by the agrotechnical requirements for pre-sowing soil cultivation. The presence of a loose and finely lumpy soil structure in the upper soil layer prevents the evaporation of moisture and the formation of cracks on the soil surface.

The installation of working bodies 5 and 6 on frame 1 in a checkerboard pattern in two tiers, two rows in each tier, allows you to process the soil layer-by-layer over the entire (necessary) depth and with the absence of blemishes (untreated strips) due to the overlap of the wings of plane-cutting paws 8 and 10 each row.

The presence on the working bodies 6 of the upper tier of cultivators 11 allows you to qualitatively destroy the lumps of soil formed after the passage of plane-cutting paws 10 and, subsequently, to eliminate additional technological operations for preparing the soil for sowing.

The installation of the working bodies 6 of the upper tier on the frame 1 with the possibility of adjusting the distance between the lower edges of the wings of the flat-cut legs 10 and the lower point of the support wheel 4 allows you to adjust the required depth of the upper soil layer without changing the depth of travel of the flat-cut legs 8.

The presence of a grinding roller 19 containing the axis 23 and disk cultivators 24, on the outer surface of which vertices 26 are made of triangular shape and directed in different directions from the geometric axis of rotation of the disk cultivators 24, allows not only with high quality to destroy soil lumps remaining after the passage of working bodies 5 , but also loosen the topsoil to the required depth.

The presence of a rolling roller 20 containing an axis 27, lateral 28 and intermediate 29 disks, along the circumference of which loosening elements 30 are installed with equal angular pitch, allows to destroy the soil lumps with high quality and evenly compact the soil with the density specified by the agrotechnical requirements, to prevent evaporation of moisture from the soil and cracking of the surface of the field.

The installation of lateral 28 and intermediate 29 disks on the axis 27 at equal intervals in the horizontal plane makes it possible to exclude the deflection of the loosening elements 30 towards the axis 27 when they interact with solid lumps on the field surface.

The presence of rods 21 with nuts 31 and springs 22 allows the roller attachment 17, when it is rotated, to copy the surface topography of the field and, accordingly, evenly affect the soil.

The use of tools for primary cultivation improves the quality of soil cultivation and improves the water regime and air conditions for the development of plants. In addition, several technological operations are performed in one pass of the implement for primary tillage, which reduces the loss of soil moisture.

Claims (1)

A tool for basic tillage, including a frame, a device for connecting to a tractor, a control mechanism, support wheels, working bodies mounted on a frame in a staggered manner in two tiers, characterized in that a roller attachment containing a frame is fixed to the rear of the implement frame, grinding and rolling rollers, rods with springs, grinding roller contains an axis and disk rippers mounted on the axis of the grinding roller at regular intervals, and figured recesses are made along the periphery of disk rippers, the alternatives located between the figured recesses are triangular and directed in different directions from the geometric axis of rotation of the disk cultivators, the packer roller contains an axis, side and intermediate discs mounted on the horizontal axis at equal intervals in the horizontal plane, around the circumference of the side and intermediate discs of the packer roller ripping elements are installed with equal angular pitch, in cross section having the shape of an equilateral triangle, and the ripping elements are rigidly fixed us about the periphery of the side and intermediate discs, and sharp peaks ripper elements pointing in different directions from the geometric rotation axis of the packer roller.

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