RU171671U1 - TOOLS FOR BASIC SOIL TREATMENT - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to implements for basic tillage. An instrument for primary tillage includes a frame, a device for connecting to a tractor, a control mechanism, support wheels, and working bodies. The working bodies are mounted on the frame staggered in two tiers. Grinding-rolling rollers are fixed to the rear part of the gun frame. Grinding-rolling rollers contain a frame, a rod with a spring, horizontal axes located perpendicular to the direction of movement of the combined tillage unit. Grinding rollers contain side and intermediate disks mounted on a horizontal axis at regular intervals in a horizontal plane. Around the circumference of the side and intermediate disks of the grinding roller with equal angular pitch, two-sided pointed strips are installed and the pointed edges are directed in different directions from the geometric axis of rotation of the grinding roller. The packer roller contains side discs on which a hollow cylinder is mounted. On the outer surface of the hollow cylinder, at equal intervals, annular sealing elements are installed, in cross section having the shape of an equilateral triangle. Pointed cultivators are installed diametrically between the annular sealing elements on the outer surface of the hollow cylinder.

Description

The utility model relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to implements for basic subsurface tillage.

Known tool for layer-by-layer tillage [Tool for layer-by-layer tillage. Patent RU No. 120319. Publ. 09/20/2012, bull. No. 26], including a frame, support wheels, a control mechanism and working bodies, which are mounted on the frame in a staggered manner in two tiers.

However, the known tool has a disadvantage, which can be attributed to the unsatisfactory quality of the soil treatment, in particular the low quality of rolling and destruction of the lumps of soil by the roller.

The technical result of the utility model is improving the quality of tillage.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that with the rear part of the gun’s frame, grinding-rolling rollers are fixed. Grinding-rolling rollers contain a frame, a rod with a spring, horizontal axes located perpendicular to the direction of movement of the combined tillage unit. Grinding rollers contain side and intermediate disks mounted on a horizontal axis at regular intervals in a horizontal plane. On the circumference of the side and intermediate disks of the grinding roller with equal angular pitch, two-sided pointed strips are installed and the pointed edges are directed in different directions from the geometric axis of rotation of the grinding roller. The packer roller contains side discs. A hollow cylinder is mounted on the side discs. On the outer surface of the hollow cylinder, at equal intervals, ring sealing elements are installed, in cross section having the shape of an equilateral triangle. On the outer surface of the hollow cylinder, pointed rippers are mounted diametrically between the annular sealing elements.

In FIG. 1 shows a tool for basic tillage, side view, in FIG. 2 - a working body of the upper tier, side view, in FIG. 3 - working body of the upper tier, top view, in FIG. 4 - grinding-rolling rollers, top view.

The main tillage tool contains a frame 1, a device 2 for connecting to a tractor, control mechanisms 3, support wheels 4, working bodies 5 and 6. The working bodies 5 and 6 are mounted on the frame 1 in a staggered manner in two tiers. The working bodies 5 of the lower tier contain a stand 7 and a flat-cutting paw 8. The working bodies 6 of the upper tier contain a stand 9, a flat-cutting paw 10, rippers 11, brackets 12 and an axis 13. In cross section, the rippers 11 have a diamond shape. The brackets 12 are rigidly fixed with the wings of the plane-cutting paws 10. The axis 13 is installed in the brackets 12. The rippers 11 are mounted on the axis 13 with the possibility of changing their position in the vertical plane together with the axis 13 and fixing in the required position with nuts 14, turned on opposite ends of the axis 13. In cross section, the rippers 11 are diamond-shaped. The ends of the cultivators 11 are directed in the direction opposite to the direction of the implement for the main tillage. The holes 9 are made on the rack 9. The working bodies 6 of the upper tier are mounted on the frame 1 with the possibility of adjusting the distance between the lower edges of the wings of the plane-cutting paws 10 and the lower points of the support wheels 4. The necessary position of the working bodies 6 in height relative to the lower points of the support wheels 4 is regulated by the movement of the racks 9 “up and down” on the frame 1, until the required holes 15 of the racks 9 coincide with the holes of the frame 1, and are fixed in the required position by bolts (not shown in the figure).

With the rear part of the gun frame 1, by means of brackets 16, grinding-rolling rollers 17 are fixed.

Grinding-rolling rollers 17 contain a frame 18, a rod 19 with a nut 20 and a spring 21, horizontal axes 22 and 23 located perpendicular to the direction of movement of the implement for the main tillage.

The grinding rollers contain side 24 and intermediate 25 discs mounted on the horizontal axis 22 at regular intervals in the horizontal plane. On the circumference of the lateral 24 and intermediate 25 disks of the grinding roller with equal angular pitch, bilaterally pointed strips 26 are installed and the pointed edges are directed in different directions from the geometric axis of rotation of the grinding roller.

The packer roller contains side disks 27 on which the hollow cylinder 28 is mounted. On the outer surface of the hollow cylinder 28, annular sealing elements 29 are installed at equal intervals in cross section in the shape of an equilateral triangle. On the outer surface of the hollow cylinder 28, pointed rippers 30 are mounted diametrically between the annular sealing elements 29.

Grinding-rolling rollers 17 are installed with the ability to copy the relief of the field surface and regulate the pressure on the soil surface.

The tool for primary tillage works as follows.

Previously, the implement is coupled to the tractor by means of device 2. The working bodies 5 and 6 are placed on the frame 1 in a checkerboard pattern in two tiers, two rows in each tier. The regulation mechanisms 3 set the required overhang of the support wheels 4 relative to the lower edges of the wings of the flat-cut legs 8. As a rule, this distance is 30 ... 35 cm, which is enough for the flat-cut legs 8 to destroy the plow sole, formed after processing the soil with dump plow plows. Then, by moving the strut 9 "up and down" on the frame 1, the distance between the lower edges of the wings of the plane-cutting legs 10 and the lower point of the support wheel 4 is controlled. As a rule, this distance does not exceed 16 cm. By moving the nuts 20 along the rods 19, the compression forces of the springs 21 , thereby achieving the necessary pressure of the rollers 17 on the soil.

When moving implements for the main tillage with buried working bodies 5 and 6, flat-cutting legs 8 loosen the soil and destroy the plow sole. In addition to loosening the soil, plane-cutting paws 10 cut weeds located in the upper (fertile) soil layer. In addition, the soil layer descending from the wings of plane-cutting paws 10 is additionally subjected to crumbling with rippers 11 mounted on the axis 13 and with a sharp edge facing the direction of movement of the unit.

Following the rotation of the grinding-rolling rollers 17 copy the relief of the field surface and bilaterally sharpened planks 26 cut the lumps of soil and additionally loosen the upper soil layer, and the annular sealing elements 29 and the pointed cultivators 30 break the lumps of soil while leveling and compacting the surface of the field. Moreover, the maximum size of the destroyed soil lumps will not exceed the minimum size of the soil lumps allowed by the agrotechnical requirements for sowing.

After the gun passes through the field, the plow sole is destroyed, the top soil layer is compacted to the required size and has a small crumbly structure, and the maximum size of the destroyed soil lumps does not exceed the minimum size of the soil lumps allowed by the agrotechnical requirements for pre-sowing soil cultivation. The presence of a loose and finely lumpy soil structure in the upper soil layer prevents the evaporation of moisture and the formation of cracks on the soil surface.

The installation of working bodies 5 and 6 on frame 1 in a checkerboard pattern in two tiers, two rows in each tier, allows you to process the soil layer-by-layer over the entire (necessary) depth and with the absence of blemishes (untreated strips) due to the overlap of the wings of plane-cutting paws 8 and 10 each row.

The presence on the working bodies 6 of the upper tier of cultivators 11 allows you to qualitatively destroy the lumps of soil formed after the passage of plane-cutting paws 10 and, subsequently, to eliminate additional technological operations for preparing the soil for sowing.

The installation of the working bodies 6 of the upper tier on the frame 1 with the possibility of adjusting the distance between the lower edges of the wings of the flat-cut legs 10 and the lower point of the support wheel 4 allows you to adjust the required depth of the upper soil layer without changing the depth of travel of the flat-cut legs 8.

The installation of lateral 24 and intermediate 25 discs on the axis 22 at equal intervals in the horizontal plane eliminates the deflection of the double-pointed strips 26 in the direction of the axis 22 when they interact with hard lumps on the field surface.

The presence of grinding-rolling rollers 17 allows you to destroy with high quality soil lumps remaining after the passage of the working bodies 5, to evenly compact the soil with a given agrotechnical requirements, to prevent evaporation of moisture from the soil and the formation of cracks in the field surface, but also to uniformly compact the soil with a given agrotechnical requirements density.

The presence of the rods 19 with nuts 20 and springs 21 allows the grinding-rolling roller 17, when it is rotated, to copy the surface topography of the field and, accordingly, evenly affect the soil.

The use of tools for primary processing improves the quality of soil cultivation and improves the water regime and air conditions for the development of plants. In addition, several technological operations are performed in one pass of the implement for primary tillage, which reduces the loss of soil moisture.

Claims (1)

A tool for primary tillage, including a frame, a device for connecting to a tractor, a control mechanism, support wheels, working bodies mounted on a frame in a staggered manner in two tiers, characterized in that grinding-rolling rollers are fixed to the rear part of the implement frame a frame, a rod with a spring, horizontal axes located perpendicular to the direction of movement of the combined tillage aggregate, grinding rollers contain side and intermediate disks mounted on the horizon on the horizontal axis at equal intervals in the horizontal plane, around the circumference of the side and intermediate disks of the grinding roller with equal angular pitch, bilaterally pointed strips are installed and the pointed edges are directed in different directions from the geometric axis of rotation of the grinding roller, the packer roller contains side disks, a hollow is mounted on the side disks cylinder, on the outer surface of the hollow cylinder, at equal intervals, annular sealing elements are installed, in the cross section having the shape of an equator a pointed triangle, pointed rippers are mounted diametrically between the annular sealing elements on the outer surface of the hollow cylinder.

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